Global Development Policy Research Articles

Collaboration Model Between Stakeholders in Optimizing Regional Budget Allocation as a Strategy to Reduce Poverty and Inequality

Objective: This research aims at composing a model for sharpening regional budget allocation as a strategy to reduce poverty and inequality in Central Java. Method: This research applied mixed methods consisting of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The data used are primary data from key persons selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and questionnaires. This research used Mactor Analysis (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations) as the analysis method. Results and Discussion: The results of research indicate that stakeholders with the strongest influence are Regional Economic Bureau of Kebumen, Regional Development Planning Agency of Pati Regency, and Regional Development Planning Agency of Banyumas Regency. Viewed from the relationship among actors and objectives, banking is an actor with the strongest support for the objective of increased access to capital and financing for small and medium enterprises. Research Implications: The application of clean technology will increase the production efficiency and then will increase the economic output. This research contributes to the development of global policies that drive the balanced and environmentally-friendly growth in the whole world. Originality/Value: Theoretically, this research enriches the literature on local budget management and provides new insights into how fiscal strategies can be integrated with social objectives, especially in the context of regions with diverse socioeconomic characteristics.

Evolution of policy-driven ecosystem of original innovation talents

In an era of unprecedented global challenges, the cultivation, attraction, and retention of original innovation talent have become critical determinants of national competitiveness and sustainable development. This study introduces a novel multi-agent original innovation talent ecosystem model (MOITEM) to systematically analyze the effects of different talent policies on the ecosystems of original innovation talent across various regions in China. The simulations reveal that while direct talent policies drive short-term talent growth, they often fall short of addressing the long-term needs for resource allocation and environmental optimization, thereby limiting sustained competitiveness. In contrast, indirect and combined talent policies prioritize the overall quality of the ecosystem, providing more enduring support for original innovation. Furthermore, this study explores the interactions among agents within the ecosystem and their synergistic relationships with the external environment, highlighting the necessity of targeted policy formulation and multi-agent collaboration. The findings not only elucidate the strengths and limitations of various talent policies but also offer tailored recommendations based on regional characteristics, emphasizing the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptive policy adjustment. These insights hold substantial theoretical and practical implications for the development and optimization of global policies aimed at fostering original innovation talent.

Global power and Stock market co-movements: A study of G20 markets

It is well understood that a handful of countries such as members of G7 and G20 influence the direction of the trade policy of nations across the world. Such influence places significant pressure on other countries to adapt their own policies to suit G7 and G20 as these two groups of countries control international agencies such as the World Bank and the United Nations. This influence is also evident from the deliberations of G7 and G20 member countries and how such more powerful nations seem to shape and influence the global economic agenda. This study aims to investigate the relationship between global power (as measured by the global power index GPI) and globalisation (as measured by the co-movements of stock markets time varying correlations). Previous studies have investigated various factors influencing stock market correlations; however, the relationship between GPI and stock market correlations has not been addressed thus far. To investigate this relationship, we created an index of correlations of each stock market with other stock markets in G20 countries. Our empirical results indicate that GPI has a positive and statistically significant impact on the stock market correlations in G20 nations. This is the first study to establish such relationship between GPI and change in relative stock market performance. In the past changes in relative stock market returns were mainly attributed to the economic factors and relative volatility of the underlying stock markets. As such this study makes an important contribution to body of knowledge by developing a theoretical argument to show how change in relative global power, influences changes in stock market correlations via changes in relative risk premium and returns. The findings of the study have implications for the development of global policies as global power influences stock market co-movements. The findings of this study may also have implications for investors who aim to construct globally diversified portfolios.

Exploring Economic Growth and Clean Fuel Technology: a Dumitrescu-Hurlin Approach

Objective: This research aims at exploring the relationship between economic growth and sustainable technology in 19 countries of G20 members. Theoretical Framework: In the Porter Hypothesis explained that in a regulations of environment will encourage innovation and improve economic performance. According to Porter, well-designed environmental standard can stimulate innovation and bring economic benefits such as increased competitiveness and efficiency Method: The research takes the data sourced from the World Bank and uses Pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality as the analytic tool. Results and Discussion: The results of research indicate that there is a causal relationship from ABB to GDP, but not vice versa. This means that the changes in ABB variable can be used to predict the changes in GDP variable, but not vice versa. Research Implications: The application of clean technology will increase the production efficiency and then will increase the economic output. This research contributes to the development of global policies that drive the balanced and environmentally-friendly growth in the whole world. Originality/Value: This research marks a novelty by applying the Pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality analysis tool, which allows for a deeper understanding of the causal relationship between economic growth and technological development in G20 countries. While most previous research limit themselves to simple causality analysis, this research details the dynamics of interactions among these factors.

Continuities and change in alcohol policy at the global level: a documentary analysis of the 2010 Global Strategy for Reducing the Harmful Use of Alcohol and the Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022–2030

BackgroundThere are only two major statements which define alcohol policy development at the global level. There has not been any comparative analysis of the details of these key texts, published in 2010 and 2022 respectively, including how far they constitute similar or evolving approaches to alcohol harm.MethodsPreparatory data collection involved examination of documents associated with the final policy statements. A thematic analysis across the two policy documents was performed to generate understanding of continuity and change based on comparative study. Study findings are interpreted in the contexts of the evolving conceptual and empirical literatures.ResultsBoth documents exhibit shared guiding principles and identify similar governance challenges, albeit with varying priority levels. There is more emphasis on the high-impact interventions on price, availability and marketing in 2022, and more stringent targets have been set for 2030 in declaring alcohol as a public health priority therein, reflecting the action-oriented nature of the Plan. The identified roles of policy actors have largely remained unchanged, albeit with greater specificity in the more recent statement, appropriately so because it is concerned with implementation. The major exception, and the key difference in the documents, regards the alcohol industry, which is perceived primarily as a threat to public health in 2022 due to commercial activities harmful to health and because policy interference has slowed progress.ConclusionsThe adoption of the Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30 potentially marks a pivotal moment in global alcohol policy development, though it is unclear how fully it may be implemented. Perhaps, the key advances lie in advancing the ambitions of alcohol policy and clearly identifying that the alcohol industry should not be seen as any kind of partner in public health policymaking, which will permit progress to the extent that this influences what actually happens in alcohol policy at the national level.

Beyond materialist green transitions: sketching a vitalist approach for evaluating R&I policy towards deep green transformation

ABSTRACT Situated within the growing literature on green alternatives to research and innovation-led green transition approaches, this paper sketches the contours of an emerging transition policy evaluation matrix aiming at going beyond contemporary (new) materialist concerns. To do so, I introduce a vitalist focus on life and establishing all connectedness as a long-term normative goal of just and deep global development policy. For this purpose, I draw from key insights from the recent interim evaluation of the European Framework program ‘Horizon Europe’, as well as non-Western and indigenous and feminist approaches to environmental justice to argue for overcoming an exclusive materialist and individualist preoccupation with green transition as it has been characteristic hitherto. Building on the requirement of a theory of change for encompassing well-being that includes a shifted yet assessable notion of being, I describe the non-linear sequence of green transition phases transcending materialist approaches to shifted energy supply and large-scale decarbonization to include an imaginary of a connected biocentric humanity with a just vitalist concern for life and well-being.

Role of Government and Private Sector on Agribusiness Development: Comparison between the USA and Bangladesh

This comparative research explores the intricate roles of government and the private sector in the growth of agribusiness, analyzing the different approaches used by the USA and Bangladesh. The prevailing paradigm in the USA is market-driven, with an emphasis on private sector dominance, technical innovation, and large-scale agricultural. Bangladesh, on the other hand, takes a hybrid strategy to addressing socioeconomic difficulties, combining government interventions and private efforts with a focus on smallholder empowerment. Divergent tactics, problems, and outcomes in agribusiness growth are revealed by the investigation. Both countries are concerned about concerns such as sustainable practices, market access, and infrastructure. Context-specific solutions, customized to each country's particular socioeconomic context, emerge as critical. The study emphasizes the importance of government and private sector collaboration in fostering resilient and sustainable agribusiness ecosystems, providing useful insights for global agricultural development policy.

The Geopolitics of Global Infrastructure Projects: Challenges and Opportunities for Health and Wellbeing

Abstract Global infrastructure projects have emerged as pivotal instruments in shaping economic growth and geopolitical dynamics in the contemporary world. Infrastructure, traditionally associated with physical structures like roads, bridges and utilities, now extends to include services vital for societal standards and economic progress. This evolution reflects a broader recognition of infrastructure’s role in fostering development, with distinctions drawn between physical infrastructure such as transport and energy networks, and services-oriented infrastructures encompassing health and education. Scholarly discourse on the correlation between infrastructure development and economic growth varies significantly. While some researchers assert a positive relationship, citing infrastructure’s stimulative effects on economies, others argue that this link is not universally conclusive, highlighting nuances in variables and methodologies used in studies. Nevertheless, the consensus underscores the critical role of infrastructure in enhancing economic activities, particularly in developing countries where the infrastructure gap remains stark. Central to contemporary infrastructure dynamics is China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a global development policy launched in 2013 aimed at enhancing connectivity and economic integration across Asia, Europe and beyond. The USA and its allies have also initiated the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), to promote sustainable infrastructure development aligned with Western values and global governance standards. As these global powers focus on infrastructure development, the implications for health and well-being emerge as critical considerations. Infrastructure projects not only promise economic benefits but also present opportunities to address public health challenges, enhance connectivity and promote sustainable development goals. However, they also pose challenges such as environmental impact, debt sustainability and geopolitical tensions, underscoring the complex interplay between infrastructure development, global governance and human welfare. This paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of global infrastructure projects, examining their implications for health and well-being amidst evolving geopolitical competition. By analyzing key initiatives like BRI and PGII, it aims to provide insights into how infrastructure investments can be leveraged to foster equitable socio-economic development while navigating the challenges posed by climate change, governance issues and geopolitical rivalries. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for harnessing the transformative potential of global infrastructure projects to promote health and well-being on a global scale.

Foundational guiding principles for a flourishing Earth system

AbstractIn this perspectives article, we maintain that the current local to global sustainable development predicaments we face are the result of humanity's impact on the Earth System (ES)—that is to say, on the very systemic fabric of the ES (i.e., its functioning and configuration), combined with an insufficiently coherent application of sustainable development policy to address and resolve this systemic problem. In response to what is an urgent crisis, we propose four foundational guiding principles, which we contend provide an overarching framing that, if implemented, would offer an approach to steer global sustainable development policy in a manner that would be to the benefit of the ES and the securing of a flourishing future for all. Our principles are applicable at the levels from a local business ecosystem, national‐regional networks, to global policy.

Women in politics: examining their impact on policy development — A comprehensive review

The representation of women in political offices has expanded in every country over the last few decades. Commencing with a historical overview, this review underscores the persistent obstacles and cultural constraints that have hindered women's political engagement. The primary focus is on identifying and dissecting impediments such as ingrained gender prejudices, unequal access to education, and sociocultural constraints. This comprehensive examination explores the crucial role of women in politics and their profound impact on policy formulation. Global attention has increased on gender equity and women's political representation, emphasizing the importance of understanding how women's participation in political decision-making processes influences policy outcomes. The involvement of women in politics, particularly in poorer countries where health and education are priority sectors, has led to improvements in the delivery of public services. The review delves into the political empowerment of women, highlighting the positive social change and role modeling that women in politics can provide in their local areas. Recent studies suggest that the makeup of public expenditure may not necessarily reflect the impact of female representation on legislative debates and specific policy decisions. Female participation has enhanced institutional quality by reducing corruption and yielding benefits for those in positions of responsibility. The review advocates for greater gender diversity in political decision-making by examining obstacles, proposing solutions, and emphasizing the ongoing need for research and advocacy to support and promote the invaluable contributions of women to global policy development.

Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): Investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries.

For the first time since 2015, the World Health Organization's (WHO) global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance (GLASS) featured both global reports for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) data in its annual reports. In this study we investigated the relationship of AMR with AMC within participating countries reported in the GLASS 2022 report. Our analysis found a statistically significant correlation between beta-lactam/cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones consumption and AMR to these antimicrobials associated with bloodstream E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among the participating countries (P<0.05). We observed that for every 1 unit increase in defined daily dose DDD of beta-lactam/cephalosporins and quinolone consumptions among the countries, increased the recoveries of bloodstream-associated beta-lactam/cephalosporins-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 11-22% and quinolone-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 31-40%. When we compared the antimicrobial consumptions between the antimicrobial ATC (Alphanumeric codes developed by WHO) groups and countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of beta-lactam-penicillins (J01C, DDD difference range: 5.23-8.13) and cephalosporins (J01D, DDD difference range: 2.57-5.13) compared to other antimicrobial groups among the countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey's method). Between the participating countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of antimicrobial groups in Iran (DDD difference range: 3.63-4.84) and Uganda (DDD difference range: 3.79-5.01) compared to other participating countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey's method). Understanding AMC and how it relates to AMR at the global scale is critical in the global AMR policy development and implementation of global antimicrobial stewardship.

SWOT-TOWS ANALYSIS OF THE PANDEMIC STRATEGIES APPLIED IN ROMANIA BETWEEN 2020-2021

This paper outlines pandemic management strategies, focusing on effective health policy improvements in Romania. Utilizing SWOT and TOWS analysis, it develops attack, defense, adaptation, and survival strategies to mitigate threats, leverage strengths, address weaknesses, and maximize national benefits. Emphasizing early disease detection and non-pharmaceutical interventions as crucial in pandemic control, the study highlights the importance of high vaccination rates. It advocates for health crisis management through the innovation of existing policies and the introduction of new methods, demonstrating the efficacy of the SWOT-TOWS approach in global health policy development

Ongoing Waste Issue Towards the Development of Photovoltaic Module Recycling Regulations

In this paper, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, that play an essential role in reducing fossil energy resources, are considered from a sustainability perspective. Solar PV systems, accounting for a significant capacity share among renewable energy sources, will have environmental and economic repercussions in the future. Despite photovoltaic (PV) modules contributing to the production of renewable energy for an average of 25 to 30 years, they pose a threat to the global environment. Policies should support the significance of initiatives. This will ensure that PV manufacturers, users, governments, and R&amp;D researchers assume responsibility for PV module waste, which is expected to be encountered more frequently and rapidly in the near future. Prioritizing global awareness and policy development in the field of solar PV recycling will inspire future work. Furthermore, the prospect of other solar PV technologies consolidating their market position in the future will necessitate a solar PV recycling industry. This industry should encompass all developing PV technologies.

War in Ukraine as a bifurcation point in global development: rhyming with the past versus creating the future

In this article, prepared as part of the creative discussion on the problems raised in Sergio Mariotti's paper regarding various global economic aspects related to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the author argues that, despite the obvious tendencies towards greater global protectionism, one should not excessively expand the meaning of the term "protectionism" thus concealing the recent trends towards direct government interventionism in the functioning of international markets, which makes the very concept of "free market" increasingly conditional. Turning to the repeatability in the present of certain trends of the past (called “rhyming”), which is another important message in S. Mariotti's article, the author emphasizes the need to consider this phenomenon not as a regrettable and undesirable coincidence, but as a natural consequence of the principle of cyclicality in economic development and the wave-like nature of long-term development trends. The article proves that one can not overcome undesirable and dangerous global trends just by calling for peace, cooperation and better global coordination based on the established principles of institutionalised world order. That purpose requires a truly global thinking in all without exception centers that shape global development policy, and true cooperation in defining the parameters of the future and in solving global problems of humanity. And this is only possible via the formation of a qualitatively new model of globalization, where economic freedom would become the freedom of free development for all.

Mapping loneliness through social intelligence analysis: a step towards creating global loneliness map

ObjectivesLoneliness is a prevalent global public health concern with complex dynamics requiring further exploration. This study aims to enhance understanding of loneliness dynamics through building towards a global loneliness map...

Toward an integrated framework of ocean literacy: A Delphi-AHP approach

A growing emphasis on ocean literacy has been mirrored in the global marine policy development. Many considerable investments have been made over the past decades by governments and non-governmental organizations to promote ocean literacy. While it is critical for policymakers to have timely feedback about the current status of the public’s ocean literacy, existing literature shows a lack of assessment tools that can provide comprehensive evaluations. This study aims to construct an integrated framework of ocean literacy which can embrace both the scientific and socio-cultural components of ocean-related issues. Experts in ocean sciences and social sciences were invited to participate in two rounds of the Delphi expert consultation to establish assessment criteria. Using the Delphi-AHP methods, a two-tier framework was constructed, entailing seven Tier 1 criteria and twenty-nine Tier 2 criteria with detailed descriptors. Questionnaires were then distributed for experts to rate the importance of the criteria through pairwise comparisons. Importance weights were ranked for each of the criteria using the AHP method based on the experts’ responses. The final framework can serve as a foundational reference to guide future endeavors in further incorporating ocean literacy into marine policies and regulations. It can inform policymakers, stakeholders, and marine educators to identify the relative importance when targeting the wide range of elements that ocean literacy comprises. By adopting the Delphi-AHP methods, this work makes an innovative contribution to research on ocean literacy assessment and marine policy making.

Fix my food: An urgent call to action from adolescents on how they experience and want to see change in their food systems.

Global food systems are failing adolescents. Poor diet quality driving malnutrition among adolescents around the world and the quality of foods eaten by adolescents not only determines their health and development, but also is the foundation of thriving communities. The present study aimed to engage adolescents across low-income, middle-income and high-income countries to determine their lived experience of food, food systems and the challenges they face within their food systems. The study used the Distributed Data Generation method pioneered by the Young and Resilient Research Centre, at Western Sydney University, to conduct workshops with adolescents aged 10-19 years across the globe in collaboration with UNICEF. Participatory workshops were designed to capture qualitative data on adolescents lived experiences and perspectives of their food systems, food sustainability and food security, and how improvements can be made. Thematic analysis was undertaken to analyse qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic data captured. Six hundred and forty adolescents across 18 countries participated. Three key themes emerged, which included experiences of food, challenges to food systems and strengthening food systems. Adolescents saw potential in empowering communities to create change and contribute to food system transformation. Adolescents called for inclusion in decision-making from local food practice to large global policy development. The study results demonstrated how adolescents experience their food systems and want to see sustainable change, although they also want to be a part of the change. Adolescents described that there needs to be an active choice to work with them, listen to their lived experience and across all levels of society strengthen food systems. To achieve this, adolescents need to be involved in decision-making around their food systems for a sustainable future.

Tourism and Indigenous peoples in South America: reflections on experiences in Argentina and Chile

ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, the participation of Indigenous peoples in tourism has been fostered as part of global development policies to address rural poverty in Latin America. In this article, our aim is to examine the promotion of indigenous tourism in relation to multicultural transformations and local inter-ethnic relations in South America, taking two experiences, one in southern Chile’s Araucanía Region and the other in the General San Martín Department of northern Argentina’s Salta Province. We reflect on the relevance of institutions – state and non-state – which promote these development perspectives and the links that Indigenous people establish with them for the understanding of indigenous tourism. First, we consider the promotion of indigenous tourism in both countries within the particular dynamics of multiculturalism transformations in each one. Then we focus on the two experiences of indigenous tourism, to think about the relations between Indigenous people, institutions and interethnic relationships in these projects. We suggest that the definition of community tourism should not be considered as a reified field, but rather as a definition that is determined through negotiations and inter-ethnic disputes.

Global climate policy effectiveness: A panel data analysis

The global energy landscape is experiencing substantial transformations, and the energy policies of various countries are also evolving under the influence of economic development and climate change mitigation. The Policies and Measures Database of the International Energy Agency assembles over 7000 pieces of information on energy policy from around the world and classifies them into four categories based on their objectives: addressing climate change policy, renewable energy policy, energy efficiency policy, and building energy efficiency policy. This paper aims to analyze the status quo of global energy policy development from these four aspects and examine the effectiveness of both aggregate and individual instruments utilizing an econometric model based on panel data analysis. Moreover, this paper analyzes the energy policy paths of six leading countries and compares the effectiveness of their policies. The results revealed that global climate policy plays a significant role in reducing carbon emission, while the performance of policies varies among different countries. Based on these findings, this paper provides reference for policymakers to formulate energy policies aligned with global and domestic requirements.

How are groups of early career pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists contributing to global health and policy development: A cross-sectional survey.

Early career pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientist groups (ECPGs) can make valuable contributions to addressing global health challenges and policy development. There is limited information describing their contribution to this topic. This study describes initiatives and activities related to global health and policy development led by ECPGs. An online questionnaire was disseminated between July and October 2020 through the International Pharmaceutical Federation Young Pharmacists Group (FIP YPG) mailing list and its social media network. The survey consisted of questions about ECPGs' involvement in global health and policy development activities. In addition to groups or organisations, the FIP YPG also invited individual pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists to explore their needs and views on the role of the ECPGs, and themselves as individuals in global health. Data were analysed descriptively. Thirty national ECPGs across six regions of the World Health Organisation (WHO) participated in the survey. Most of the initiatives led by ECPGs focused on health and wellbeing, quality of education and partnership. The most common activities were webinars, social events and partnerships with other organisations. In terms of global health challenges listed by the WHO, the most common initiatives led by ECPGs were related to medicines access and medicines safety. There was some involvement of early career pharmacists, pharmaceutical scientists, and ECPGs in the policy and regulation in their countries across various topics. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first global study exploring initiatives conducted by ECPGs. This study informed initiatives that have been implemented across regions, which could be useful for other ECPGs to initiate in their country according to their needs and priorities. Fostering engagement and collaboration between ECPGs is encouraged to provide opportunities and share learning across ECPGs, which could accelerate progress towards tackling global health challenges.