Development Of Geographic Information System Research Articles

Web GIS as a useful tool for the health and social service sector

Web geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to support the efforts of service providers in health and social service setting. This article examines the potential of Web GIS to help health and social service providers understand the distribution of their services and their target populations in San Diego County. Agencies completed a user needs questionnaire and participated in user-testing meetings to guide the development of the Web GIS. The result was a two-part Web GIS which allows agencies to: 1) define and update their service locations and boundaries in a password-protected Web GIS Editor; 2) view and analyse health and social services, older population demographics, healthcare clinics, affordable housing, and public transportation in a publicly-accessible Web GIS Viewer. Surveys and interviews conducted with agencies showed satisfaction with the implementation of the system, and the potential of Web GIS in supporting service delivery and outreach.

Study on the Evaluation System of Slope Stability Analysis Based on GIS and Its Application

The application of GIS to the forecast and evaluation in the regional landslide can provide scientific basis for the regional geological environment management and the geological disaster assessment, can integrate the scattered data to share each other, and can improve data value. Its powerful interface function library provides a good tool for the pro- fessional GIS design and development. This study carried out rapid modeling, efficient calculation and strong visibility in the slope evaluation by highly fusing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and slope engineering together and com- bining Supermap GIS with ANSYS, which are representative software in their fields. Furthermore, the system of slope stability analysis and evaluation was established by quadric developing, which made a bridge between the fields of GIS and slope stability assessment.

A New Qualitative GIS Method for Investigating Neighbourhood Characteristics Using a Tablet

This article presents a methodological and technical reflection on an innovative and interactive qualitative geographic information systems (GIS) tool and method created to gauge people's images and perceptions of their neighbourhood. Knowledge gained from the critical GIS debates has led to the development of qualitative GIS and public participation GIS (PPGIS) methods, which aim to counteract the adverse effects of GIS as predominantly top-down. Drawing from critical and qualitative GIS arguments, the authors tried to create an accessible, bottom-up GIS data-collection method that involved conducting qualitative interviews while presenting digital maps on a tablet. This digital tool allowed users to change scales by zooming in and out on the map and also offered a selection of base maps affording numerous views of the city. This method not only allowed residents to generate GIS data about their neighbourhood but was also used as a visual support tool to stimulate dialogue during the interviews. With the aid of examples from a study in Geneva, Switzerland, this article discusses the relevance, strengths, and limitations of this method in the field of neighbourhood research.

Evaluation of Multi Layers Web-based GIS Approach in Retrieving Tourist Related Information

Geo-based information is getting greater importance among tourists. However, retrieving this information on the web depends heavily on the methods of dissemination. Therefore, this study intends to evaluate methods used in disseminating tourist related geo-based information on the web using partial match query, firstly, in default system which is a single layer approach and secondly, using multi layer web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches. Shah Alam tourist related data are used as a test collection and are stored in a map server. Query keyword is tested using both default and multi layer systems and results are evaluated using experiments on sample data. Precision and recall are the performance measurement technique used. Findings show that multi layer web-based GIS provide enhanced capability in retrieving tourist related information as compared to default system. Therefore, in the future, web-based GIS development should utilize multi layers approach instead of the single layer method in disseminating geo-based information to users.

Development of Social Recommendation GIS for Tourist Spots

This study aims to develop a social recommendation media GIS (Geographic Information Systems) specially tailored to recommend tourist spots. The conclusions of this study are summarized in the following three points. (1) Social media GIS, an information system which integrates Web-GIS, SNS and recommendation system into a single system, was conducted in the central part of Yokohama City in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The social media GIS uses a design which displays its usefulness in reducing the constraints of information inspection, time and space, and continuity, making it possible to redesign systems in accordance with target cases. (2) The social media GIS was operated for two months for members of the general public who are more than 18 years old. The total numbers of users was 98, and the number of pieces of information submitted was 232. (3) The web questionnaires of users showed the usefulness of the integration of Web-GIS, SNS and recommendation systems, because the functions of reference and recommendation can be expected to support tourists’ excursion behavior. Since the access survey of log data showed that about 35% of accesses were from mobile information terminals, it can be said that the preparation of an optimal interface for such terminals was effective.

Preliminary Analysis Method of Reservoir Leakage Based on GIS

Due to the geological complexity of the wide reservoir area, reservoir leakage problem has been the subject of Research in Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering. In recent years, the development and application of GIS (Geographic Information System), remote sensing technology and three-dimensional (3D) technology, have provided a powerful tool in analysis of the reservoir leakage problem. Based on the 3D remote sensing image visualization system created with remote sensing technology, GIS, 3D technology, this paper studies the leakage problem of a reservoir. By analyzing the terrain data, we can find the might existing leaking channels combining, combining lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological conditions. Then calculate the leakage quantity to evaluate the reservoir leakage. With the characteristic of accuracy and timeliness, the system will play an important role in preliminary analysis of reservoir leakage problemas well as forecasting decision making.

A New Organization and Indexing Method of Multibeam Point Cloud Data in 3D Marine GIS

Multibeam sounding system can be used for the acquisition of high-precision digital seabed terrain model, it brings new opportunities for the development of 3D marine GIS (Geographic Information System). But its massive point cloud data poses great challenge for its storage and visualization. This paper proposes a new storage strategy and gives an optimized visualization method specifically for the storage strategy. First, we take advantage of the point cloud coordinates regularity to sort these points according to certain rules and efficiently organize it through multiple spatial index. Vertically, a multi-level pyramid index is established. We generate a number of levels data with different level of detail and different scale, namely the static level of detail (LOD) model, in this way, a trade-off between appropriate redundant storage space and efficient data retrieve is achieved. Horizontally, for all levels of the pyramid model, we establish a tiled quadtree index, and generate a cache image for each tile. Secondly, an optimized visualization method in accordance with the storage strategy is also designed. Based on the current area of interest and data dispatch algorithm, we calculate the corresponding tile location and directly load the cache image to lessen the workload of complex spatial data operation, reduce the rendering burden of spatial data. We can generate customized dynamic cache with specific area of interest and scale, to improve the visual effect, too.

GIS, Internal Colonialism, and the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs

This article contains the first comprehensive empirical account of the history of geographic information systems (GIS) development within the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), an account founded in part on a previously unused source of archival data. It also demonstrates the importance of linking a standard technical and institutional history of GIS with a topic neglected in most such histories, the history of the resource application crucial to GIS deployment. The main finding is that across four decades of effort, the BIA's pursuit of GIS is better understood as an effort to perpetuate its internal colonial agenda and its own bureaucratic existence during an era of rapid technological upheaval rather than as a trustee's effort to better manage resources for the greater good of American Indians. The BIA's quest involves various time-honored colonial practices: creating new forms of dependence, imposing complex bureaucratic procedures, misusing funds, distributing free commodities, developing obligatory points of control, and outsourcing both management and labor to a private sector with long experience exploiting Indian resource economies. We conclude that rather than revolutionizing institutions and setting them on new trajectories toward self-improvement as some have suggested, GIS development is often merely a part of a broader and historically consistent pattern of policymaking and behavior.

Historic preservation, GIS, & rural development: The case of Almería province, Spain

A computerized database was created, based on a Geographic Information System (GIS), with hyperlinks to the website for a Rural Development Association (Almería province, Andalusia, Spain). Thus, a catalogue of traditional rural buildings in this particular area was compiled, identifying and characterizing each one, establishing criteria for a dynamic and rational selection. The purpose to select this example was to facilitate their management by public organizations or private individuals, for their reuse, restoration or both. The cataloguing and promotion of rural architecture will contribute to creating jobs by stimulating new economic activity, such as the promotion of cultural tourism, while preserving a valuable source of information on rural culture, recovering local construction techniques, encouraging a sense of community, and making villages and rural areas more attractive to visitors. The assessment of the rehabilitation potential of rural buildings in this region has helped to establish a priority order for their reuse, and so an intervention map has been devised in terms of a “Decision Index” corresponding to each considered building.

Use of Open Source Software for the Development of Web GIS for Accessibility to Tourist Attractions

Based on the concepts of social inclusion, universal design and accessibility, this paper aims to describe the stages of the development and implementation of a Web GIS (geographic information system for the internet) based on OS (open source) software. The Web GIS developed is called to Campinas tourist attractions, which provides information about cultural and natural attractions in Campinas/SP-Brazil, especially for people with disabilities or reduced mobility that prevents access these sites via public and private transportation. The verification of the existence or lack of accessibility equipment at bus stops and parking areas close to tourist attractions relies on current legislation (NBR 9050/1994) that establishes the right to accessibility for disabled people to transportation, local culture and leisure. An application that facilitates this recognition with low operating costs and high performance was developed using the OS software Quantum GIS 1.0.2, Apache 2.2.4, Mapserver 5.0.2, I3GEO 4.0, PostgreSQL 8.3 and PostGIS 1.3.5. This software is able to integrate the management of tourist areas and the advertisement of tourist information regarding accessibility devices at sights recognized as tourist attractions by Campinas city hall.

Development of Social Media GIS for Information Exchange between Regions

This study aims to develop a social media GIS (Geographic Information Systems) specially tailored to information exchange between regions. The conclusions of this study are summarized in the following three points.(1) Social media GIS is a geographic information system which integratesWeb-GIS, SNS and Twitter into a single system. A social media GIS was conducted for the collection of regional information in the eastern part of Yamanashi Prefecture. The social media GIS uses a design which displays its usefulness in multi-directional information transmission and in easing the limitations of space, time and continuity, making it possible to redesign systems in accordance with target cases.(2) During the operation of the social media GIS for about two months, most of the users were in their20s. Users exchanged regional information using the comment and button functions.(3)The system was evaluated based on the results of a questionnaire to users and an access analysis oflog data during operationin order to identify measures for improvement of the system. Because of users’ high evaluations of its original functions, the overall operability of the system was highly evaluated. Most of the contributed information was only known to local residents, and it was evident that the system fulfilled its intended role.

Mapping RMS Titanic With GIS: Implications for Forensic Investigations

AbstractSince its loss 100 years ago, RMS Titanic continues to captivate people worldwide as an epic story of tragedy at sea and as an iconic shipwreck with many mysteries still to be unraveled from its physical remains on the ocean bottom. RMS Titanic, Inc., has completed eight expeditions to RMS Titanic in its capacity as salvor-in-possession. These efforts include the first comprehensive remote-sensing survey of the shipwreck site in 2010. During this time, the company’s focus has evolved from marine salvage to treatment of RMS Titanic as an archaeological site. An important tool in archaeological interpretation of historic shipwrecks is a geographic information system (GIS).In 2006, RMS Titanic, Inc., formally initiated the GIS-based Titanic Mapping Project. Components of the Titanic Mapping Project include data rescue, digital transfer of film media, design of GIS methodology, verification and rectification of positioning data from original field records, preparation of detailed profiles for all recovered artifacts, development of GIS attribute tables for recovered artifacts and key in situ site features, and integration of remote-sensing data from Titanic Expedition 2010. With information on over 5,500 accessioned artifacts organized within the GIS, the company looks forward to making substantive contributions to deepwater archaeological research and forensic investigations of the shipwreck site. In combination with current architectural- and engineering-related knowledge of RMS Titanic, new light can be cast on such topics as the wrecking event during that fateful night in 1912.

효율적인 GIS 감리를 위한 감리 점검항목

The construction of the Geographical Information System(GIS) is continuously in progress, and with the diversification and complication of the system, the importance of its audit is further deepened. At this point in time, the information system audit has been obligatory as it has been stipulated in law, and the GIS audit has come to follow the criterion of the information system audit since it belongs to the information system audit category. However, it was found that there was a difference between the current information system audit standard and the former GIS audit standard, and the audit checking items for the efficient GIS audit is necessary. For this reason, this paper surveyed the characteristics of GIS in accordance with this necessity, analyzed the GIS audit checking items found in the audit performance guideline of the GIS audit standard, and studied the GIS development methodology through the related literature. In addition, this paper also elicited and proposed the audit checking items for the efficient GIS audit based on the findings of this paper. Finally, this paper confirmed the efficiency of the GIS audit checking items proposed here through the comparison of the actual cases of GIS audits.

The use of geographic information system in local government's modernisation

PurposeDespite a number of studies that have demonstrated the potential of geographic information sharing and analysis in enabling the delivery of modernised e‐government services, there is a growing need for an evaluation of the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in local governments. The purpose of the paper is to explore the possibilities in this regard by establishing an evaluative framework based on e‐government development models. In addition, the paper will provide some preliminary findings of a case study from the northwest of England, where the framework was used.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents an evaluation framework which connects GIS use in local governments, with e‐government development models. Semi‐structured interviews were used in a case study of some local governments in the northwest of England. The findings are then compared and contrasted with findings from a critical literature review.FindingsThe framework is considered as useful in evaluating the development and use of GIS in local governments under the e‐government banner. The results illustrate a wider use of GIS in local governments in the northwest of England and its close connection with the e‐government strategy. The study also indicates many local governments are still facing social, technological and organisational challenges in different stages of the development of advanced GIS use.Originality/valueThe paper presents an evaluation framework designed for a new and specific perspective regarding the connection of e‐government and the use of GIS. Developing benchmarks with the framework should help politicians and other stakeholders to compare their initiatives with similar ones in other local governments. The paper would also help practitioners and decision makers to understand possible challenges in achieving such modernisation and the potential solutions at different stages development.

Inclusão da variável tempo em sistemas de informação geográfica

To incorporate the temporal element in traditional geographic information systems (GIS) is a challenge that has been researched for many years and has had several proposed solutions. In order to insert time in GIS, several issues must be taken into consideration, and this study addresses some of them. Firstly, we present the stages in the development of space-time GIS. Then, we discuss the issue of data representation in GIS and present the concepts related to the temporal dimension in the context of GIS. Next, the semantics of spatio-temporal data is discussed. We then define the functions that a GIS with spatial and temporal characteristics must meet and address the issue of supporting queries. Finally, we present some of the main models developed for the representation of spatio-temporal GIS.

The Design and Realization of the Map Decoration and Cartography System Based on ArcEngine

This paper designs and realizes a system based on ArcEngine. The map decoration and cartography function is essential to the geographic information system (GIS), with the development of GIS, it puts forward some new requirements for map decoration and cartography. This paper introduces the overall process of the project’s design and the realization main function of the independent development package map decoration and cartography system. Compared with the traditional map, the new development system which is based on ArcEngine component has good flexibility and expansibility. It can satisfy demands of different departments to map decoration and cartography system, and realize a good effect to map decoration and cartography

Cartographic Encounters at the Bureau of Indian Affairs Geographic Information System Center of Calculation

The centering processes of geographic information system (GIS) development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was an extension of past cartographic encounters with American Indians through the central control of geospatial technologies, uneven development of geographic information resources, and extension of technically dependent clientele. Cartographic encounters included the historical exchanges of geographic information between indigenous people and non-Indians in North America. Scientists and technicians accumulated geographic information at the center of calculation where scientific maps, models, and simulations emerged. A study of GIS development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs will demonstrate some centering processes.

Geographic Information Systems: A Critical Look at the Commercialization of Public Information

This paper is a political economic critique and exploration of the ways that private-sector companies in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) industry have emerged and consolidated themselves. This includes a discussion about buying, analyzing and selling spatial data mined from the Internet and other public resources, and how this is packaged and sold to other corporations for profit. I detail GIS research and development projects and the activities that are fueling growth. One of the fastest growing sectors of the GIS business is data mining and information processing, where companies are able to capitalize on the flow of information through proprietary systems or public networks like the Internet, and as such, are accumulating great wealth. GIS software projects are often the outgrowth of direct political and economic policy and funding, and industry giants are afforded greater access to purchasing huge data sets and labor to analyze and re-sell it. Public adoption and usage of GIS tools via the Internet is creating competitive tensions within the GIS industry and producing complex new partnerships. What is most critical to explore at this moment are the details of the industry, who it serves, and in whose interest. An understanding of the GIS terrain will better equip the public in making informed decisions about how state policies and consumer practices are contributing to, or disrupting, these activities.

Technology Focus: Knowledge Management and Training (October 2011)

Technology Focus Past articles for this feature have touched on the topic of decision making. Indeed, last year’s article tackled the approach to decision making with a focus on situational awareness. This year, we focus on the availability of knowledge as an aid (on the one hand) and a prerequisite (on the other) to our ability to execute decisions rapidly and correctly. Distilling the key paper topics offered up for this year’s Knowledge Management and Training feature resulted in an interesting “triple-S” configuration of systems, state, and studies. Systems. Knowledge-base (KB) systems are becoming a key component in the workflow for delivering critical decision making. The industry has transcended what may now be considered standard databases. A variety of database configurations is available commercially, with great advances made over recent years. Overlaying available data with information and carefully collated knowledge is an emerging practice. Delivering the KB within a spatial frame of reference, commonly a geographical-information system (GIS), provides for a rich degree of multidimensionality. State. Continuous access to the “state” of the integrated asset, including the reservoir, production, and pipeline systems, is readily available by use of now-commonplace supervisory control and data-acquisition systems. However, the ability to translate the state into meaningful information requires transfer through a series of process layers that filter and aggregate the data such that action may be taken as necessary and appropriate to maintain production targets. Studies. The industry invests significant capital in conducting detailed integrated studies of assets at various points in their life cycles. While keeping internal and external consulting organizations in business, these studies usually deliver an enhancement, depending on the degree of acceptance of the recommendations. Additionally, depending on the organization, the shelf life of these studies may be somewhat limited. Any approach is, therefore, welcomed if an integrated study is incorporated within an enterprise decision-making frame of reference. And the learning process continues…. Knowledge Management and Training additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org SPE 145080 • “Reservoir Engineering for Unconventional Gas Reservoirs: What Do We Have To Consider?” by C.R. Clarkson, University of Calgary, et al. SPE 144321 • “Integrating All Available Data To Improve Production in the Marcellus Shale” by Efe Ejofodomi, Schlumberger, et al. OTC 21491 • “GIS Development for Geophysical- and Geotechnical-Data Integration: Application to West Africa Geohazard Assessment” by G. Dan-Unterseh, Fugro France SAS, et al. OTC 21538 • “GIS Technology Development for Sediment Characterization of Angolan Deepwater Soil Conditions” by M. Hamon, Angolan Deepwater Consortium (Doris Engineering), et al.

A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TOOL FOR AQUATIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN THE RED AND SABINE RIVER WATERSHEDS OF THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES

ABSTRACTOur goal was to build a geographic information system (GIS) tool to enhance modeling and hypothesis testing relevant to watersheds and fish fauna of the Red and Sabine Rivers in the southeastern United States. Species of concern were identified from wildlife action plans and Web sites. Spatial distributions of fish species and mercury in fillets were delineated using data from states. Public georeferenced data were obtained on land cover, soil type, forest canopy, impervious surfaces, wastewater facilities and 303(d) impaired waters. Overlay maps highlighted patterns across 8‐digit hydrologic unit codes (HUCs). Bossier City, Louisiana and Beaumont, Texas areas displayed impervious surfaces over 10% and 303(d) waters per HUC were 20% and 8%, respectively. Because bowfin (Amia calva) (n = 299) and bass (Micropterus spp.) (n = 1493) occurred in up to 44% of HUCs and fillets contained elemental mercury concentrations across ranges monitored, they were appropriate indicators of bioavailable mercury. Of the total fish number showing >0.5 ppm, 81% of records were derived from bowfin and bass, and stepwise multiple linear regressions indicated fish with mercury at these concentrations correlated with environmental variables. Detrended correspondence analysis showed total species occurrence and environmental relationships significant, where 81.6% of the variability in fish occurrence was explained by impervious surface, land cover other than canopy or impervious surface (such as wetlands and agricultural area) and canopy (forest type). Two‐way indicator species analysis delineated species co‐occurrence in HUCs (14 groups) and similarity of species composition (nine groups). Results identified three HUC groupings as potential targets for managerial interest. Quality control concerns for GIS development included site name data and priority rankings of critical fish species. This tool can be used to support modeling and trend analyses for several purposes, such as those relevant for developing and reporting on water quality standards and critical habitat assessments. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.