Development Of Functional Disorders Research Articles

Drug-induced diarrhea: a diverse problem in clinical medicine

Currently, the problem of diarrheal syndrome against the background of therapy with non-antimicrobial drugs, with a frequency of occurrence of up to 24%, has become particularly relevant. This is due to an increase in the number of people taking drug therapy for a long time, an increase in the population of older people, an increase in comorbidity, polypragmasia and hypersensitivity of this group of patients to medications. The mechanism of drug-induced diarrhea is complex and insufficiently studied. Many drugs are able to affect various pathogenetic links, causing disorders of the intestinal microbiome, motor evacuation dysfunction, layering on existing intestinal diseases with the development of functional disorders, catarrhal and erosive ulcerative lesions, which makes it difficult to diagnose and choose an adequate therapeutic tactic. The situation is often complicated by the impossibility of canceling the therapy of the underlying disease or changing the treatment regimen, which can lead to serious consequences for a patient with diarrhea syndrome. Thus, the issues of early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and approaches to the treatment of drug-induced diarrhea are becoming increasingly important in clinical practice.

Frequency of functional esophageal disorders in patients with refractory reflux symptoms in Lima, Peru

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition in which gastric reflux causes symptoms or damage to the esophageal mucosa. It is managed with proton pump inhibitors, however, up to 45% of patients with suspected GERD are refractory to treatment. It is necessary to establish a true GERD diagnosis by means of a digestive endoscopy, which does not show lesions in approximately 70% of patients. In this scenario, it is necessary to perform an esophageal pH-impedance measurement, a procedure that allows to determine whether exposure to gastric acid is pathological. Of this group, patients with pathological acid exposure are diagnosed as true non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). If, in addition to not presenting esophageal lesions, they have a physiological exposure to gastric acid, they suffer from esophageal hypersensitivity or functional heartburn, which are functional disorders. These require a different approach from that of GERD or NERD, as the symptoms are not due to pathological exposure to gastric acid. The aim was to calculate the frequency of esophageal hypersensitivity and functional heartburn in patients with suspected NERD. This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected by reviewing pH-impedance and manometry reports, 166 patients were selected. The frequency for functional disorders was 86.15%, being 46.9% for functional heartburn and 39.2% for esophageal hypersensitivity. The frequency of functional disorders was higher than that reported in previous studies. In conclusion, age, psychological conditions, dietary, cultural, ethnic or lifestyle factors inherent to our environment might play important roles in the development of functional disorders.

Comprehensive rehabilitation for injuries to the medial collateral ligament of the knee in skiers and snowkiters

BACKGROUND: The main function of the medial collateral ligament is static stabilization when the tibia is deviated outward. Medial collateral ligament damage may result from the application of a sharp force to the tibia and knee joint in a valgus position, often leading to knee instability, recurrent synovitis and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This often results in the development of functional disorders that sharply limit the motor abilities of patients, thereby affecting the performance (support ability) of the injured limb.
 AIM: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the efficiency of various current rehabilitation techniques providing a more patient-oriented approach in the conservative treatment of various degrees of medial collateral ligament injuries based on the assessment of the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging in 38 patients.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (27 men and 11 women, 71.05% and 28.95%, respectively) with partial medial collateral ligament injuries were followed up. The mean age was 28.5 years (1938 years). All subjects were involved in skiing and snowkiting in the alpine skiing discipline. The diagnosis was made based on clinical examination, patients complaints, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint. The examination was performed on a Vestra-2 magnetic resonance tomograph with a superconducting magnet and a magnetic field induction of 0.5 Tesla. Optimal for knee joint examination was a quadrature Surf-76 receiving and transmitting coil, which allowed the selection of a small field of view without artifacts or spatial distortion and increased the signal/noise ratio. The knee joints were examined twice: on the day of admission (maximum 1.5 days after injury) and at the end of the week 6 of conservative treatment.
 RESULTS: Using the rehabilitation treatment program proposed by the authors in patients with medial collateral ligament injuries, a decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms and an improvement of functional characteristics were observed. Inclusion of the kinesiotaping technique led to a reduction of the treatment recovery period.
 CONCLUSIONS: Current noninvasive diagnostic techniques (in particular, MRI) for bone tissues, articular cartilages, and periarticular soft tissues allow to determine the degree of damage to anatomical structures, choose the optimal conservative treatment method , and set the duration and extent of artificial immobilization and the terms of the onset of rehabilitation procedures for patients with partial injuries of the medial collateral ligaments. The results of the proposed rehabilitation treatment program for injuries of the medial knee ligament include a reduction of pain, synovitis and limping, and an improvement of muscle strength and elasticity and knee stability.

The effect of vitamin E on the lipid environment of rat hepatocyte membranes

Tocopherol is one of the known beneficial natural antioxidants ensuring the optimal level of functioning of mammalian organisms. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that the biological role of vitamin E is to prevent the development of pathologies caused by oxidative stress. In particular, the role of enzymatic factors of lipid peroxidation and related inflammation as a result of eicosanoid synthesis was clearly shown. We studied changes in the structural and functional state of hepatocyte membranes in the classical model of E-hypovitaminosis caused by long-term (70 days) insufficient intake of vitamin E in the diet of rats. The test components were determined spectrophotometrically after appropriate chromatographic procedures. The amount of total and individual leukotrienes was determined by ELISA. Prolonged tocopherol deficiency in rats caused a 49.4% decrease in tocopherol, more than 27.0% – in cholesterol. Of the 8 individual phospholipids studied, 6 showed significant changes: a decrease in cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, and an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine by 3.24 times, an increse in lysophosphatidylcholine by 86.9%, in phospha­tidylcholine by 52.8%, and in sphingomyelin by 30.6%, relative to control. There were changes in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids playing a significant role in the development of functional disorders in cells and affecting the metabolism of ecosanoids derived from arachidonic acid by the 5-lipoxygenase oxidation pathway. Changes in the levels of total and individual cysteinyl leukotrienes in the state of E-hypovitaminosis were revealed. Restoration of vitamin E intake returns most of the studied indicators such as tocopherol, cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids to the control levels and activates the processes of sequential conversion of leukotrienes in the body of rats. The obtained results indicate the potentiating effect of vitamin E on metabolic processes in the body as a whole and in hepatocytes and eicosanoid metabolism. The degree of tocopherol intake allows one to influence the course of inflammatory processes associated with eicosanoids, not only through the impact on precursors, but also on the utilization of metabolites, including leukotrienes.

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DYSFUNCTION IN NEWBORNS IN PERINATAL PATHOLOGY

In recent decades, there has been a worldwide trend toward increasing rates of functional and organic pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in children. Presently, diseases of digestive organs rank second in frequency among pathologies of the pediatric population after acute respiratory diseases. Development of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children in the first year of life is mainly caused by anatomic and physiological characteristics of the digestive system, as well as high sensitivity and ease of damage of all its parts. Current literature suggests that children born to mothers during difficult pregnancy or childbirth are at increased risk for developing this pathology.Objective of the study: To determine perinatal risk factors and clinical and paraclinical features of gastrointestinal functional disorders in newborns with perinatal pathology.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 82 full-term infants with severe perinatal pathology, with clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal dysfunction (Group I), and 50 healthy infants (Group II) as a comparison group. Exclusion criteria for the study were: congenital malformations, low birth weight, clinical manifestations of infection. To assess metabolic disorders, a comprehensive assessment of the biochemical blood spectrum with the level of total protein and albumin, total bilirubin and its fractions, glucose, urea and uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides; activity of AlAT, AsAT, LDH, LF, GGTP. Biochemical studies were performed using a Cormay ACCENT biochemical analyzer (Poland, Cormay reagents).Results and discussion. Disorders of postnatal adaptation of newborns are noted in the conditions of mothers’ somatic disadvantages, implementation of unfavorable factors during pregnancy and labor. Analysis of somatic anamnesis, antenatal and intrapartum problems has made it possible to identify the main causes of neonatal adaptation disorders in the early neonatal period. The most important, taking into account maternal anamneses, in the patients of the main group were: cardiovascular system pathology in 30 (36, 59%) cases, urinary system pathology in 22 (26, 83%) cases, endocrine system pathology in 17 (20, 73%) cases, digestive system pathology in 11 (13, 41%) cases, and respiratory system pathology in 8 (9, 76%) cases; gynecological pathology was diagnosed in 16 (19, 51%). The antenatal period was complicated by: placental dysfunction in 10 (12.20%) cases, hydramnios in 8 (9.76%) cases, fetal distress in 10 (12.20%) cases, and cord entanglement around the neck in 5 (6.10%) cases. Overall, there were 14 (17.07%) cases with a poor obstetric history. Caesarean section was performed in 24 (29.27%) cases, vacuum-assisted delivery in 4 (4.88%) cases.The list of diseases responsible for the severity of the newborn's condition was presented according to the main diagnosis: 66 (80.5%) cases had central nervous system involvement in the form of hypoxic-ischemic lesion/neonatal encephalopathy, 27 (32.9%) cases had severe respiratory distress, 13 (15.9%) cases had moderate asphyxia and 11 (13.4%) cases had severe asphyxia, 10 (12.2%) cases had moderate respiratory distress and 2 (2.4%) cases had hemolytic disease in newborn. All patients of the main group also had concomitant diagnoses. The condition of the main group neonates was characterized by more severe somatic and neurological status disorders, formation of MOD syndrome with the development of signs of food intolerance due to complex disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Complex disorders of food tolerance were observed in 71 (86,59%) children, regurgitation/stasis - in 66 (80,49%) neonates, paresis/weak intestinal peristalsis - in 47 (57,32%) patients, flatus - in 3 (3,66%) cases, meconium retention - in 3 (3.66%) cases, isolated absence of sucking reflex/ wobbly sucking was found in 3 (3.66%) cases, enlargement of liver and spleen - in 1 (1.22%) patient. The complex of serum biochemical studies showed significant dysmetabolic changes, which to some extent explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. In particular, revealed violations of protein-synthetic function of the liver and delays in the production and excretion of bile, enzyme deficiency and cytolytic syndrome.Conclusions. Disorders of the digestive system in newborns is one of the manifestations of general body dysfunction in conditions of hypoxia with the implementation of unfavorable factors of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother.Clinical signs of food intolerance in newborn infants are regurgitation/stasis, paresis/weak intestinal peristalsis, flatus, meconium retention, absence of sucking reflex/wobbly sucking, enlarged liver and spleen.Complex serum biochemical studies in newborns with gastrointestinal disorders showed impaired protein-synthetic liver function, delayed production and excretion of bile, enzymatic insufficiency and cytolytic syndrome.

Systematic review and meta-analysis: risk factors for psoriatic arthritis. Part 1.

According to epidemiological and clinical studies, every fourth patient with psoriasis develops psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and in many cases there is a destructive form of arthritis that leads to disability. Late diagnosis of PsA is associated with a significant reduction in the effectiveness of therapy. Therefore, early diagnosis of this disease is so important.Objective: to determine the methods for early detection of PsA, in particular the identification of risk factors (RFs) for its development, which will prevent the progression of the disease and the disability of patients.Materials and methods. The literature review and meta-analysis is presented in two parts. Part 1 of the systematic review included articles on exogenous RFs for the development of PsA published over the past 10 years.PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published before March 1, 2021. We searched for currently registered trials in the registers of clinical trials of US (ClinicalTrials.gov), of China (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) and the WHO InternationalClinical Trial Registry Platform. The statistical analysis was prepared in accordance with the international guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) using the Statistic SPSS 26.0 program (USA).Results and discussion. 957 articles published up to March 1, 2021 were identified. After further analysis, irrelevant articles were excluded. A total of 73 articles were included in the review and analysis, 32 of which were included in Part 1. The most common exogenous RFs are: mechanical injuries, medications, and psychotraumatic situations.Conclusion. PsA is a multifactorial disease. Currently, a large number of exogenous RFs for the development of this disease have been established. Knowledge of RFs and the ability to recognize them will help dermatovenereologists and rheumatologists to effectively assess and predict the patient's condition. Correction of modifiable RFs, early prescription of appropriate therapy will help to reduce the number of PsA cases, the development of functional disorders and prevent the growth of disability. However, studies on the comprehensive assessment of RFs in PsA are still insufficient. Further study of methods for the early diagnosis of PsA is needed in order to optimize its treatment.

Quality of life of a patient with computer vision syndrome depending on the type of accommodative astenopia

Purpose: a comparative assessment of the quality of life (QOL) of patients with symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS), depending on the type of accommodative asthenopia: habitual excessive accommodation stress (HEAS) and the asthenic form of accommodative asthenopia (AFAA). Material and methods. 60 patients aged 22–34 engaged in visually extensive work who had typical asthenopic complaints were examined. The main criterion for diagnosing the type of asthenopia was the coefficient of ciliary muscle microfluctuation, measured by objective accommodation on a Righton Speedy-I device (Japan). The patients were divided into two groups of 30 people each with similar age and sex distribution, corresponding to the two forms of asthenopia studied. The main method of QOL examination was the study of an innovative CVS-22 questionnaire filled in by the testees. Results. The comparative assessment of the overall test indicator revealed no significant differences between the examined groups of patients with HEAS (QOL = 40.2 ± 1.2 pts) and AFAA (QOL = 42.2 ± 1.0 pts), p > 0.05. For some of the complaints, certain differences were found, partly associated with the pathogenesis of HEAS and AFAA, however, they do not fully reflect the “specificity” of the main types of accommodative asthenopia. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the absence of reliable subjective diagnostic criteria of CVS. The fact may be associated with a wide range of risk factors for the development of functional disorders of the body in general and the visual system in particular when the patients is engaged in activities requiring the use of electronic systems in information management.

Функциональные расстройства пищеварительного тракта у детей: некоторые аспекты коррекции

В статье представлены основные патогенетические особенности развития функциональных расстройств пищеварительного тракта у детей раннего возраста, а также критерии диагностики. Дана общая характеристика наиболее изученного в мире пробиотического штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, а также представлены доказательства положительного влияния бактерии на макроорганизм. Описаны фармацевтические особенности нового пробиотика на рынке Украины — Актив Флора беби.

SURGICAL TACTICS FOR PURULENT-SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS OF COMBAT BELLY INJURIES

Summary. Combat injury of the abdomen, according to the ATO / OOS is from 6.7 to 9 %. The specificity of gunshot wounds to the abdomen causes the development of functional disorders and complications (51–81 %) and, as a consequence, a high mortality rate (12–31 %).
 Objective: To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with combat trauma to the abdomen (BTC).
 Materials and methods. The Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region (VMKC PR) analyzed the treatment of 86 wounded who were hospitalized with purulent-septic complications of BTZ from 2014 to 2020, taking into account the location, clinical manifestations and severity of injury, used modern treatment methods , namely: puncture and drainage interventions under the control of ultrasonography and installation of NPWT systems. Comprehensive treatment was supplemented with antibacterial therapy and oxygen barotherapy.
 First of all, the wounded underwent puncture and drainage interventions under ultrasonic navigation and gradual rehabilitation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. NPWT therapy was used in 11 patients with extensive wounds and purulent-septic complications of the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall.
 Thus, the use of interventional sonography, as the primary diagnostic and treatment method for the treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications of combat trauma to the abdomen, has improved the quality of diagnosis and reduced traumatic interventions, which has reduced postoperative complications and inpatient treatment.
 Results and discussion. Eleven (14.2 %) cases of puncture and drainage interventions were ineffective, in connection with which we had to resort to traditional methods of treatment — opening and drainage of purulent-inflammatory foci and the use of NPWT-therapy. Vacuum therapy is an effective method of treatment of purulent-septic complications of gunshot wounds of the soft tissues of the abdomen, which in combination with puncture-drainage interventions, can reduce by 2.5 times the number of repeated operations (mainly multi-stage surgical treatments), thereby reducing 1.8 times the length of stay of patients in the hospital.
 Conclusions. Thanks to the use of modern methods it was possible to improve the results of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with purulent-septic complications of combat trauma to the abdomen.
 The use of the latest techniques has helped reduce the number of invasive treatments, accelerate recovery, reduce bed rest, reduce intoxication, and increase the rate of return of servicemen.

State of Hepatopancreatobiliary system and post-cholecystectomy quality of life

Objective: to assess the quality of life of patients and the state of the hepatopancreatobiliary system before and after cholecystectomy in the long-term period. Materials and methods: at the first stage, 107 people were examined after emergency, planned cholecystectomy (with symptomatic and asymptomatic course of GI). At the second stage, 90 people at different times after cholecystectomy for a more detailed examination of the external secretory function of the pancreas was performed. Results: the majority of patients, regardless of the type of surgery, had symptoms of dyspepsia associated with the development of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroesophageal reflux, duodenogastric reflux, sphincter Oddi dysfunction). A decrease in the external secretory function of the pancreas was shown regardless of the period after cholecystectomy. Conclusion: after cholecystectomy, functional disorders of the digestive system predominate in the long-term period due to loss of the physiological function of the gallbladder.

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE DATA OF INSTRUMENTAL EXAMINATIONS OF WOMEN AFFECTED BY UTERINE FIBROIDS WITH CONCOMITANT HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES

Nowadays, women’s reproductive health is a topical issue of obstetrics and gynecology, therefore, great importance is attributed to timely diagnosis and prevention of diseases that influence fertility. The topicality of the issue of uterine hyperplasia, in particular, uterine fibroids, is accounted for by the social significance of the disease. Its incidence rate is constantly growing and makes up from 30 to 50% in women older than 35 years and, according to the data of autopsy, - up to 80%. No doubt, the peculiarities of development and progression of hyperplasia are determined by the reserve potential of various systems and organs, including the hepatobiliary system.The aim of research is to analyze the results of instrumental examinations of the functional capacity of hepatocytes in women affected by uterine fibroids and functional disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Research materials and methods. To accomplish the set objective, we used the following contemporary instrumental examination methods: ultrasonography and rheovasohepatography as well as a clinical and paraclinical analysis of caserecords of 150 women aged between 35 and 45 and affected by uterine fibroids, who were treated at the gynecological department of the Regional Perinatal Centre.Research results. As the research result show, uterine fibroids and the related hormonal disorders often go together with functional and morphological lesion of hepatocytes. Patients affected by uterine fibroids have preconditions for the development of functional disorders of hepatocytes as they present significant disorders of hepatic hemodynamics, decreased blood supply of the liver, as a result of pre- and postcapillary resistance.Conclusions. There is a close connection between uterine fibroids with concomitant hepatobiliary disorders and the severity of hormonal disorders, and the significant lesion of hepatocytes may be irreversible. Thisrequires pathogenetic correction by introducing drugs with hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects.

History of development tissue therapy and modern prespectives of it’s application in veterinary medicine

Medical products, made of plants, various tissue substrates of animals and humans, have been used for a long time in human and veterinary medicine. Tissue medications of animal origin have been widely used in veterinary science both for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes and as growth factors for fattening of all species. The development of modern biology and some fields of it, human and veterinary medicine in particular, based on the achievements of advanced technologies, provides an opportunity for the appearance of new effective medications in clinical practice. Over time, after the reorganization of the agricultural sector and veterinary medicine as one of its main divisions, tissue medications began to disappear from the range of medical preparations, and they have been almost forgotten and basically not used in recent years. Veterinary medicines market has become overwhelmed with mainly imported synthetic medications and antibiotics. Meanwhile, clinical practice is experiencing an intensive introduction of medications, produced by private factories, which are combinations and mixtures of various existing pharmacological substances. Their annotations indicate a universal and beneficial effect on the body of almost all domestic animals, birds and bees. The paper is aimed at the feasibility study and the restoration necessity of production and use of tissue preparations in veterinary clinical practice. The materials used for the research are the reports published in scientific journals, collections of scientific editions of universities and research establishments, textbooks, newspapers, etc. We have become the first to create tissue medications such as fetoplacentat, made from the uterus and its contents of different pregnancy term of clinically healthy cows, pigs, mares, dogs and cats, and truthenate, made from the larvae of drones aged 5–7 days, for their application in eterinary medicine, obstetrics and gynecology in particular. Production trials of medications carried out on different pregnant animals, have made it possible to identify their corrective effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period, high preventive activity in the development of functional disorders, subinvolution and inflammatory processes of the genital organs, as well as in the treatment of different forms of infertility in animals and for the improvement of spermatogenesis of male breeders. Further research will focus on the development and implementation of effective methods and measures aimed at elimination of infertility and improvement of the reproduction of farming animals on condition of the use of tissue preparations.

Study of thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on the environment from space rocket activity

The article presents the results of a study of electromagnetic effects from space rocket activity using the example of the Plesetsk cosmodrome and aviation complex using the example of Ostafyevo Airport. The influence of electromagnetic pollution on the environment is considered; the authors analyze the influence of electromagnetic fields on human health taking into account thermal effects. It was demonstrated that the long-term effect of electromagnetic sources with different wavelengths at moderate intensity causes changes in the irritability of visual, olfactory and vestibular analyzers, as well as development of functional disorders in the nervous system without pronounced changes in endocrine-metabolic processes and blood composition, also trophic disturbance might be present. The authors study in detail the main anthropogenic sources of electromagnetic effects from objects of rocket and space, and aviation activities.

The Level of Circulating Immune Complexes and a Hematological Profile in the Combined Therapy of Gastrointestinal Strongilytosis

This paper studies some parameters of animals’ immune status in case of combination and traditional therapy. The positive dynamics of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in the blood flow and restoration of the composition of white blood cells after combination therapy of sheep with spontaneous invasion with gastrointestinal strongylata were revealed. Preliminary subcutaneous double injections of ribotane at a dose of 0.05 mL/kg and fenbendazole given once orally at a therapeutic dose of 5 mg/kg cause a significant remission of the CICs in the blood flow of animals (74.3 ± 3.49 un.opt.dens. E450; p < 0.05) and prevent the development of functional disorders of blood formation, restoring the composition of white blood cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) to the initial level in the early stages after the administration of the drugs. The studies have shown that the remission of the CICs and restoration of blood formation are a reflection of the effectiveness of treatment and completion of the pathological process. The possible mechanisms of immune complexes' clearance in the circulation and causes for the restoration of the composition of white blood cells after the combined treatment are discussed.

Данные о безопасности применения парацетамола во время беременности

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the drug of choice in pregnant women as an antipyretic and analgesic agent for various clinical conditions. However, long-term paracetamol administration during pregnancy was found to be associated with disorders in children, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.18–1.45, I2 = 61%); autism spectrum disorders (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.32, I2 = 17%); hyperactivity disorder (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.46, I2 = 95%), and behavioral disorders (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.52, I2 = 94%). Studies conducted so far failed to identify the effect of paracetamol dose in different trimesters of pregnancy on the development of long-term functional disorders of the central nervous system in children. Further studies are needed to assess the importance of social factors and the environment and their contribution to the development of functional disorders of the central nervous system in children. Key words: acetaminophen, safety, pregnancy, neuropsychiatric development of children, paracetamol

Взаимосвязь между эмоциональным состоянием матери во время беременности и функциональными нарушениями пищеварения у ребенка

Objective. To study the interrelation between the emotional state of mothers during pregnancy and the severity of functional GIT disorders in their infants using an online questionnaire. Patients and methods. We analysed questionnaires of completed by 656 mothers who had children in their first 4 years of life. Mothers were asked to take part in an anonymous survey of the health of their children. The questionnaire consisted of 3 blocs and included general questions (maternal age at delivery, obstetric-gynaecological history, number of children in the family, children’s gender, the type of infant nutrition at the time of survey); a postpartum women attitude test (modified pregnant women attitude test); a parental questionnaire to determine infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders, based on criteria of the Rome IV questionnaire for parents. Results. According to the results of assessing the postpartum women attitude test, mothers were divided into 3 groups: 144 (22.0%) mothers were included in group I of psychological comfort, 248 (37.8%) mothers in a risk group II, 264 (40.2%) mothers in group III of potential nervous and psychiatric disorders. A tendency to a higher number of unwanted pregnancies and decisions not to breastfeed during the first 6 months of their baby’s life was found in mothers of group III. The frequency of regurgitation episodes during the first 6 months was 77%, at 6 to 12 months – 35%. Persistent regurgitation during the first 6 months in babies of mothers from group III were recorded more often as compared with infants from other groups. The frequency of colic during the first 6 months was 42.9%, from 6 to 12 months – 32%. Babies of mothers from group III suffered from short-time colic by 5 times more often than babies of mothers from group I. Conclusion. The most susceptible to the development of functional disorders of GIT were babies of mothers «with potential nervous and psychiatric disorders». In these mothers, rejection of pregnancy, negative attitude to breastfeeding and childcare can be noted more often. Joint activities of obstetrician-gynaecologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and paediatricians will permit to decrease the anxiety level, postpartum dissatisfaction, to enhance the overall preparedness for motherhood. Key words: children, functional gastrointestinal disorders, emotional state of mother, gestational dominant, mother–child dyad

Toxicological evaluation of the nicotine on CA1 and protective effects of curcuma longa: An experimental study

Introduction: Nicotine is the most important alkaloid compound in tobacco and is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders of several organ systems. Some plants produce Curcuma longa (curcumin), which has antioxidant and neuro-protective properties.&#x0D; Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of curcumin against nicotine injury on the hippocampus CA1 region of rats. In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: Normal control (saline) group, Nicotine control group (0.5 mg/kg); Curcumin groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg) and Nicotine + Curcumin groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intra-peritoneally daily for 28 days. Golgi staining technique investigated the number of dendritic spines. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in the hippocampal region CA1. Griess technique was assessed to determine serum nitrite oxide levels. Also, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity.&#x0D; Results: Nicotine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and decreased total antioxidant capacity. The number of neuronal dendritic spines, as well as neurons per se, also decreased, compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.01). In all the members of the Curcumin and Nicotine + Curcumin groups, the number of neurons, neuronal dendritic spines and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly compared to the nicotine control group, while nitrite oxide level decreased significantly compared to the nicotine control group (p &lt; 0.01).&#x0D; Conclusions: It seems that Curcumin administration improved hippocampal CA1 region injury in rats caused by Nicotine.&#x0D;

Effects of Royal Jelly on the Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat - Morphine Toxicity Model

Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) is a honey bee secretion with numerous medicinal properties and antioxidant activities. Morphine is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders in several organ systems. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of RJ against morphine-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex of rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham group, morphine group, RJ groups (100, and 200 mg/kg), and morphine + RJ groups. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and orally for 20 days on a daily basis. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of neurons and, dendritic spines were investigated by Golgi technique, and Griess technique was employed to determine the serum nitrite oxide level. Results: Morphine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity, and reduced neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). In all RJ and Morphine + RJ groups, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines were elevated significantly, while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity were reduced compared to the morphine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: RJ administration protected animals against oxidative stress and nitrite oxide. It also improves some prefrontal cortex parameters including number of neurons and dendritic spines because of the morphine.

Falcaria vulgaris attenuates morphine toxicity in prefrontal cortex in rats

Background Morphine is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorder of several organs. Falcaria vulgaris is a vegetable that contains antioxidant ingredients. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the effects of F. vulgaris against morphine-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex of rats. Materials and methods In this study, 64 Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: sham group, morphine group (20 mg/kg once daily in the first 5 days and double per day in the following 5 days; on the 11th to 20th day, 30 mg/kg, doubles each day), F. vulgaris groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and morphine+F. vulgaris groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally daily for 20 days. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of dendritic spines was investigated by Golgi staining. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in prefrontal region. Moreover, Griess technique was used to determine serum nitrite oxide level. Results Morphine administration increased significantly nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity and decreased the number of neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared with the sham group (P Conclusion It seems that F. vulgaris administration improves brain’s prefrontal region injury in rats due to morphine.

Роль мелатонина в развитии функциональных расстройств желудочно-кишечного тракта

Роль мелатонина в развитии функциональных расстройств желудочно-кишечного тракта