Development Of Forestry Sector Research Articles

The Status, Trend, and Global Position of China’s Forestry Industry: An Anatomy Based on the Global Value Chain Paradigm

This study aims to systematically examine the developmental attributes and trends within China’s forestry sector through the lens of a global value chain (GVC) framework. To this end, this research analyzes the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Inter-Country Input–Output (OECD-ICIO) database, using a cohesive set of GVC methods, including the forward decomposition of industry value-added, an assessment of industry upstream and downstream positions, the decomposition of export values, and analysis of trade competitiveness indicators. The trajectory of China’s forestry industry hinges upon the interplay between foreign demand and domestic demand. The results reveal a transition in China’s forestry sector development model from export-focused to a domestically driven approach. The proportion of value-added that is devoted to meeting domestic demands within the wood processing and papermaking industries has surged to 76% and 82%, respectively. Among the major economies, China has the highest output upstream index and input downstream index in the forestry industry, playing a vital role in propelling and pulling other industries into the global value chain system. The proportion of domestic added-value in China’s forestry industry exports ranks among the top, reflecting strong self-sufficiency in export production. Although China’s forestry industry possesses a high world market share, its overall international competitiveness is weak, especially with clear signs of weakening comparative advantages in the wood processing industry.

Analysis of Non-Fiscal Measures in the Forestry Sector in Stimulating Growth and Jobs Creation: The Ghana Experience

The accelerated development of forestry sector over the past two decades has stimulated an increasing number of researchers to investigate the impact of forestry resources on economic growth amidst forest quality and quantity deteriorating factors, including illegalities. This study aims to identify and examine non-fiscal measures implemented in stimulating growth and job in the sector. Employing mixed research approach, the study provides inferences based on detailed performance description of core centers of the sector. The study revealed that, the government and regulatory agencies need to acknowledge the existence and importance of SMEs and making them part of economic analysis to project growth, innovation, job creation to social inclusion, and rural development. Also, trade associations are handicapped logistically and this derails their ability to support their members both financially and technically. Similarly, in adoption of strategies to improve short term development of wildlife resources, tourism attraction sites within wildlife protected areas could be created, which will control encroachments and add to revenue streams of the sector and would contribute to economic growth as a whole.

Polymorphic site index curves for Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Central and Eastern Serbia

This study was mainly aimed at constructing polymorphic site index curves for beech in the central (Rudnik mountain – RU, about 15,000 ha) and eastern (Žagubica – ŽA, about 7,000 ha) part of its distribution in Serbia. To obtain suitable height-age data and evaluate the best-fit growth model we used 107 felled dominant beech trees. The Korf, Korsun and Chapman-Richards growth functions per site class were first parameterized and then mutually compared with respect to residual statistics and the significance of their parameters. They were additionally parameterized in line with empirical data on the value and age of the culmination of current annual height increment (CAI<sub>h</sub>). The obtained results indicated that the Chapman-Richards growth function showed the best results both by statistical (residuals standard error, significance of the parameters, distribution of residuals, and homoscedasticity) and by empirical criteria (the CAI<sub>h</sub> culmination time, the maximal values of the CAI<sub>h</sub>, and the attained height of trees at a certain age) of the height-age beech modelling in the analyzed regions. The obtained polymorphic site index curves which classify sites with regard to their productivity can be very helpful in planning appropriate silvicultural treatments, and for decision-making in forest management planning, forest policy and ecology and, consequently, in the sustainable management of beech forests in Serbia and some neighbouring countries with a similar forestry sector development.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЙ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

The purpose of the work is to analyze the potential of a strategic alternative for development of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. The main tasks are identifying barriers and directions for development of the regional forestry industry. The study shows that in the forestry sector of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forestry development in Russia. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and creation of new ones, the commodity structure of the sector remains conservative with a predominance of wood and paper products of low and medium processing levels. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high value added is significantly inferior to countries with developed forest industries. At the same time, alternatives to development prospects of production are poorly studied issues of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. This provision required a study of global trends in the development of the forest industry and determination of barriers preventing functioning of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. As a result, the following is identified: technological backwardness of production; depletion of commercial timber stocks; poor development of the forest infrastructure; insufficient overall efficiency of the region's forestry sector. The main directions of overcoming the existing barriers include: increasing production volume of innovative products of the first generation at operating enterprises; organization of new productions of innovative forest products of the first and second generation in forest-supplied regions of the Komi Republic; development of a woodworking territorial cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises; introduction of innovative approaches to transporting timber from remote forest areas with poor transport accessibility and reforestation. Thus, the obtained data are of great practical importance for managing the development of the regional forestry sector.

Сравнительная оценка таксационных показателей лесных культур лиственницы сибирской (Larix sibirica) при интродукции в нижегородской области

The practice of using Siberian larch in artificial reforestation on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the forests of the Bogorodsk district is considered. It should be noted that the relevance of the development of forest plantations with the diversification of their species composition is due to the prospects for the expansion of the forest industry, which is determined by the State Program “Forestry Sector Development in the Russian Federation”. At the same time, despite of a wide range of possibilities of economic use of Siberian larch in the Nizhny Novgorod region, it is practically not used here when developing artificial stands for various purposes and structures. Scots pine is mainly used in the development of forest plantations in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Although the positive effect of the introduction of Siberian larch into the stand composition is confirmed by a comparative assessment of valuation indicators in forest plantations on the territory of the Bogorodsk district forestry. Based on the research results, 3 plots with the same types of forest site conditions were examined. High-quality Siberian larch stands with various species composition were formed on the plots. The work was carried out by the field methods; the principle of single logical distinction was their methodological framework. The characteristics of the trial plots were given on the basis of an on-site survey. All research results were statistically significant. A relationship has been established between the species composition and the stock of these stands. In larch plantations mixed in species composition, a larger stock has been accumulated than in pure stands. Also, the study revealed a relationship between the age of stands and the variability of the tested valuation indicators. The research results confirmed the effectiveness of the development of Siberian larch forest plantations in the Nizhny Novgorod region and the acceptability of using the forestry fund areas with forest site conditions of category C2 for these purposes. The obtained results will be useful in development of Siberian larch plantations in the Middle Volga region, since it has been revealed that the plantations in the Bogorodsk district of the Nizhny Novgorod region achieve the high productiveness at the age of 54.

Features and Problems of the Forestry Sector Development in the Republic of Mari El

Features and Problems of the Forestry Sector Development in the Republic of Mari El

Market potentials for forestry sector development in the Rasina district

The idea of this paper is to show the placement of forestry products on the market, as well as future opportunities for the development of the forestry sector in terms of goods exchange within the FE ?Rasina? Krusevac, which is part of PE ?Srbijasume?. In particular, the sales of wood by auction are also shown. The aim of this research is to determine the realization of the exchange of timber assortments within the FE ?Rasina? Krusevac through an analysis of the collected data. The purpose of this research is to define and determine the rules of exchange realization, as well as to give explanations of the consequences of the implemented exchanges and to make proposals for future activities on the market. The subjects of this research are: sold quantities of timber products within FE ?Rasina? Krusevac, their purchase by wood processing companies, as well as the price of the product. The sales of beech assortments are represented by a second degree polynomial, a strong correlation bond (0.850) is present and the correlation coefficient is statistically significant, indicating an error of about 0.1% (Significance F), the parameters are significant (for the error level ? = 0.05 %), because the corresponding P-value points to an error of about 4%, and an average exponential annual growth rate of 3.4%. The total gross income of timber assortments of beech in 2017, for FE ?Rasina? Krusevac on the domestic market amounts to 436,583,828 RSD. The most significant revenue was realized by selling firewood, with an income of 210.941.258 RSD, which is primarily attributed to the quantity, and not to the price.

CURRENT ISSUES OF FOREST MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT IN UKRAINE

The state policy in forest management, reforestation and forest conservation is formed mainly depending on the dynamics of socio-political and economic relations in a country, the degree of forest relations reforming and forestry activity compliance with scientifically grounded principles of sustainable forest management. The paper considers basic directions of forest relationships improvement and forest management system reforming in Ukraine. The forestry sector is needed to be reformed using European models of forest management on the basis of national experience and traditions of forest management in the country. The reformation must rely on the system of science-based recommendations. Improving forest relations and the system of forest management in Ukraine requires appropriate scientific and methodological grounds. The conceptual approaches to reforming the socio-economic system of the country as a whole should be considered methodologically in determining the tendency of forest management and forest relations. Therefore, the forest sector cannot be described as self-regulating closed departmental structure, excluding the impact of socioeconomic factors in Ukraine. In accordance with these principles and European forestry practices, the areas of improvement of forest relations and the system of forest management in modern conditions have been identified. The problem of improving the state policy on forest management, reforestation, and forest conservation covers a wide range of legal, economic, organizational, financial, and environmental issues and requires a comprehensive solution. Forestry sector development strategy has to be flexible; it should be periodically reviewed and adapted to changes in legal, social, economic and environmental conditions of the state taking into account the advanced world trends. A gradual transition of Ukrainian forest sector to European norms of forest management requires a series of measures on adjusting forest policy, improving state forest management, strategic planning and financing of forestry activity.

Management and Economic Aspects of Growing Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. in Bangladesh

The agar tree (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) is an evergreen tropical tree species containing precious dark resinous heartwood (agarwood). The population of agar tree is rapidly declining in natural forests in Bangladesh, and the species is now being planted in government-owned degraded forest sites as well as privately-owned homestead forests. A survey was conducted of 120 agar farmers and 20 agar-based enterprises in the Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh, to investigate the management system of agar plantations and agar-based oil enterprises and the financial viability of both sectors. It was found that the traditional management practices were adapted based mostly on indigenous knowledge and technology to manage agar plantations and agar-based oil enterprises. Discounted cash flow analysis indicated that both agar plantations and agar-based oil enterprises are financially viable. The net present value of 1 ha of agar plantation (rotation period 12 years) was estimated to be Tk. 4.9 million and the net annual return from agar-based enterprises was estimated to be Tk. 0.8 million (Tk. 78 = 1 US dollar). Despite some threats to agar farming posed by the traditional wounding techniques of agar trees and the involvement of intermediaries in the marketing channel of agar trees and agar-based products, this economic sector has potential to play a vital role in rural peoples’ livelihood subsistence and forestry sector development in Bangladesh.

People's Biodiversity Register [PBR]: A Community Based New Venture in Odisha to Document Natural Resources

The Government of India introduced the Diversity Act 2002, in the year 2002 and the Diversity Rules in the year 2004. Accordingly all state governments would have to constitute biodiversity boards and frame their own state specific Biological Diversity Rules. With this enforcement, the Government of has published the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 in the local vernacular language and constituted the Biodiversity Board. Apart from this the Government framed the Odisha Biological Diversity Rules, But, there still wasn't any initiative by the State Government to document traditional knowledge & biological resources, though is rich in biodiversity. In the year 2009-2010, an initiative was taken up by the Forestry Sector Development Project (OFSDP), an external aided project of Forest & Environment Department and its General Consultants (GC) to document the biological diversity of Satkosia Tiger Reserve and its periphery areas with the participation of local people by use of their traditional wisdom & grassroots level forest officials much before the publication of the Biological Diversity Rules, 2012. This article articulates the complexities, objectives , modules, pitfalls , benefit sharing and challenges of the experiment as stated above by using People Biodiversity Register to document the biodiversity resources.

Timber export taxes and trade between Russia and China: Development of the forestry sector in the Russian Far East

Russia contains almost one-quarter of the world's forests, exceeding the combined forest area of Brazil and Canada. There are significant obstacles to the development of a sustainable forestry sector in Russia including aging infrastructure, low processing capacity, poor transportation networks, poor financial and judicial institutional quality, and widespread corruption. In 2007, the Russian government announced an ad valorem export tax on unprocessed timber, or roundwood. By investigating the export tax in relation to Russia's timber trade with China, this paper explores the motivations and challenges behind Russia's desire to support a more robust domestic forest products sector.

Eco-development in Orissa's protected areas: a participatory approach to conserving forest biodiversity and alleviating poverty piloted in Satkosia

Orissa State in East India has a wealth of natural forests that range from coastal mangroves in the Bay of Bengal to dry and moist types of tropical deciduous forests in the Eastern Ghats. Approximately 37% of the State is classified as forest, including a well-planned network of protected areas (PAs) that comprises 2 national parks and 18 sanctuaries. Much of the remaining forest is under huge pressure from forest fires, livestock grazing, slash-and-burn agriculture, wildlife poaching, and illegal or unregulated collection of fuel wood, timber and other forest products. Major initiatives are underway in Orissa to conserve its natural forest biodiversity. The Orissa Forestry Sector Development Project (OFSDP), beginning in 2006, started to focus on providing inclusive support to local communities living within and around PAs by promoting and enhancing alternative livelihoods through community participation to reduce dependence on forest resources. The participatory processes that were piloted and upscaled in Satkosia Tiger Reserve have helped park managers and policy makers, for the first time in Orissa, to understand and value ‘Village Eco-development’ as an essential tool in PA management. The experience and lessons learnt have been formulated into guidelines and field manuals for use throughout the State's network of PAs, paving the way for meaningful participatory eco-development. This paper describes the participatory process and mechanisms evolved and upscaled to engage with local communities in eco-development partnerships; defines the principles and mechanisms that underpin such partnerships; and demonstrates how management interventions can be effectively and equitably prioritised towards those members of a community most dependent on forest resources in order to maximise biodiversity conservation. Lessons learned include the importance of developing a shared vision at the outset, joint government-community collaboration in building capacities, independent expert facilitation and long-term nurturing of participatory processes, provision of well-defined livelihood enhancement opportunities and experiential learning among all stakeholders.

Are Sector-wide Approaches effective? Observations on the forestry sector in Tanzania, Mozambique and Vietnam

SUMMARY The paper analyses the development towards Sector-Wide Approaches (SWAps) in the forestry sector in Tanzania, Mozambique and Vietnam. The main research question is: does the sector-wide approach promote effective delivery of aid? There are two critical factors in effective implementation of SWAps in the forestry sector: (a) efficiency in financial flow and management, and (b) national ownership in the forestry sector development. The paper argues that SWAps in forestry might be less successful than in other sectors because of the dominance of market forces in the forestry sector, and might not be the most effective way to deliver aid because of the dependence on the quality of institutional capacity in the recipient countries and donor countries. SWAps and direct budget support (DBS) may take several years to begin producing concrete results in rural development and poverty reduction. The paper concludes that a range of support modalities are needed, and SWAps and DBS are important in developing n...

Towards national ownership in forestry sector development? possibilities and constrains of forestry sector support

Towards national ownership in forestry sector development? possibilities and constrains of forestry sector support

An Interdisciplinary Research Initiative Towards Sustainable Management of Forest Resources in Lowland Rain Forests of Sri Lanka

Ever-wet forests of SW Sri Lanka are biodiversity hot spots with a wealth of potentially useful and currently used species. Traditional peoples surrounding these forests depend on them for a variety of focds, medicinals and the like as well as for timber. Some of these forests are being preserved as storehouses of diversity that include rare endemics and wild relatives of useful plants. Other natural forests and plantations must be managed for multiple uses including timber and non-timber products used by the forest dependent villagers. Understanding the ecological, social and economic interdependence of forests and rural communities is vital for the future forestry sector development in Sri Lanka. As many of the plants used locally are characteristic of early stages of gap regeneration, timber and non-timber products are compatible uses, given sufficiently judicious management. Anthropological and biological research is now in progress to plan for multiple use management of Sri Lankan ever-wet forests.

Interdisciplinary research towards management of non-timber forest resources in lowland rain forests of Sri Lanka

Lowland and mid-elevational rainforests of Sri Lanka harbor a relict, endemic-rich flora which is also rich in timber and non-timber forest resources. These forests supply nearly half the total wood requirements of the country and are dwindling rapidly; management of the forests to conserve the biological richness and maintain environmental services is therefore a difficult proposition. This predicament is further compounded by the dependency of rural people on a range of non-timber forest resources for their subsistence and income. A forestry master plan recently prepared for Sri Lanka has not given adequate recognition to the important role played by non-timber forest resources in rural livelihood. This oversight is primarily due to the lack of quantitative information to justify the role of non-timber forest resources in forestry sector development. Forestry policies that ignore these resources often anger local people, leading the villagers to vent their disapproval through destructive actions such as burning timber plantations. Long-term interdisciplinary research in ecology, reproductive and soil biology, ethnobiology, silviculture, rural sociology and resource economics in progress at Sinharaja attempts to address these questions of sustainable development of forest resources in an integrated mode. While research oriented toward conservation investigates both short- and long-term ecosystem dynamics in natural and modified forest stands, utilization-oriented research probes the impact of increased human disturbance, particularly the impact of rural communities on dwindling forest resources, as well as the effect of forest conservation on rural livelihood. These studies continue to seek alternative methods of forest management which are socially acceptable, economically viable, and ecologically sustainable for multiple uses. These methods will assist in the refinement of current forest policies, forestry planning, and the implementation of new policies and plans in Sri Lanka.

Forestry sector development planning: A model for Indonesia

A model has been developed to evaluate long-term development strategies for the forestry sector of Indonesia. The model uses data for 26 regions of Indonesia, plus Japan and Singapore. The model consists of a mixed-integer program with goal programming variables. The objective function measures total costs which include harvesting, transportation, manufacturing, capacity expansion and cost of not meeting regional demand and export targets. The model variables represent the different movements of forest products at various stages of processing within and between regions. Goal variables measure deviations from domestic demand targets in each region and from export targets. Boolean variables are used to determine the economic location of one or two ports capable of handling Indonesia's exports to Japan. An application of the model is given to show the effect, keeping other variables equal, of altering the composition of Indonesian exports from logs only to 50% processed products and 50% logs.