Development Of Forest Resources Research Articles

Machine learning applications in forest and biomass supply chain management: a review

ABSTRACT Forest and biomass crops for bioenergy and bioproducts can promote a sustainable bioeconomy while effectively reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate global warming. One of the most concerning issues is selecting and using appropriate modeling and analytical technologies to optimize the benefits of multi-feedstock biomass supply chains, including logistics. Machine learning (ML) has been used to solve increasingly complex supply chain problems, providing powerful tools for sustainable forest management and biomass resource development. Existing research is extensive and spans many different ML techniques, but synthesis is needed to help guide the adoption of these rapidly evolving tools. This review summarizes ML applications in forest and biomass supply chain management in terms of data, algorithms, and process examples, with an emphasis on direct application to supply chain management. ML is a viable technique to support strategic, operational, and tactical planning and decision-making in this field and can enhance the environmental and economic performance of diverse forest and biomass supply chains.

Study on the influence of landscape pattern on the spread of pine wilt disease from a multi-scale perspective

Since the introduction of pine wilt disease (PWD) into Chongqing, China, it has been continuously spreading, posing a significant threat to the local forest ecosystem dominated by pine forests. Utilizing data spanning the last two decades on the PWD epidemic subcompartment and host coniferous forest in Chongqing, this study employs a geographic detector model to scrutinize the impact of forest landscape patterns on PWD dissemination at the county, township, and 1 km grid scales. The findings reveal three distinct stages of the PWD epidemic in Chongqing from 2001 to 2020: diffusion, stabilization, and outbreak. The western and central regions of Chongqing experienced severe impacts, while the southern part exhibited relatively milder effects. Across the three spatial scales, various landscape pattern indices exhibit robust and consistent impacts on PWD occurrence. Notably, patch area emerges as the most influential factor, with an explanatory power reaching 0.228. Additionally, landscape shape index, number of patches, patch density, river and road exert substantial influence on PWD incidence. Conversely, the impact of edge density, landscape dominance, landscape separation, and landscape fragmentation on PWD occurrence is comparatively weak. Moreover, the interaction of different landscape pattern factors nonlinearly enhances the explanatory power of PWD occurrence. Among these interactions, the synergy between patch area and landscape dominance proves to have the highest explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of PWD at 0.718. This study explores the relationship between the invasion and spread of PWD and landscape patterns, offering useful insights for the prevention and early warning of PWD. Additionally, this research provides valuable reference points for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of forest resources in China.

Study on the Impact of Main Functional Zoning Policies on the Economic Conversion Efficiency of Forest Ecological Capital in Hunan Province

In 2010, China promulgated the National Main Functional Area Planning (2010), marking the first national level of the national land space planning policy, the space planning is of great significance for optimizing the development model of forest ecosystems, improving the value transformation of forest ecological products, and is an important policy goal for the sustainable development of forest ecological resources. This paper analyzes the development status of the main functional zoning policy, and establishes a DID model to empirically analyze the implementation effect of the main functional zoning policy. The results show that the policy of main functional zoning will inhibit the increase of the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital, and the policy effect is significant.

Coupling coordination relationship of forestry industry development and ecological environment: evidence from Heilongjiang Province

China’s economy has entered a new period of transformation, and the development of various industries will become the backbone of promoting economic sectors. At the same time, it will also become a booster for promoting the transformation and development of various industries. As an essential component of China’s economic construction, forestry will also enter a critical period of transformation. However, because the forestry industry mainly relies on forest resources as production factors, there is a certain contradiction between the forestry industry development and the ecological environment. Therefore, taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper applies the PSR model to explain the mechanism of the relationship between forestry industry development and the ecological environment. The PSR model mainly consists of three indicators: Pressure, State, and Response, which analyze the interrelationships between elements within the system. On the other hand, the coupling coordination model is applied to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between the forestry industry development and the ecological environment in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2018. The results show that the development of the forestry industry puts pressure on the ecological environment. At the same time, the environmental climate also imposes restrictions and constraints on the development of the forestry industry. The two promote, influence, and constrain each other. The development of the forestry industry was antagonistic, running in, coupled, and coordinated with the ecological environment in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2018. However, there is still a particular gap in the level of coupling and coordination between the two, and they have yet to reach a state of good coordinated development. Therefore, Heilongjiang Province can promote the coordinated development of its forestry industry and the ecological environment through innovative forestry industry transformation models, policy-oriented rational development and utilization of forest resources, environmentally constrained clean production of the forestry industry, and complementary and shared development of the forestry industry and ecological environment.

The occurrence and comprehensive control technology of pine wilt disease

Pine wilt disease is known as one of the most harmful forestry diseases in the world. It is called the "cancer" of pine trees and seriously threatens forest resources and ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the prevention and control of pine wilt disease. This article introduces the pathogens and pathogenesis characteristics of pine wilt disease, summarizes the strategies adopted by Japan, the United States, South Korea and other countries to prevent and control pine wilt disease, and proposes specific comprehensive prevention and control technologies for pine wilt disease from the aspects of quarantine treatment, chemical control, biological control, and physical control. This study is expected to provide a reference for the sustainable development of forest resources and the effective prevention and control of pine wilt disease.

The Estimation of Cuscus Population and Distribution in Teluk Wondama District, West Papua Province, Indonesia

Cuscus is a marsupial mammal endemic to the eastern part of Indonesia. Populations and their habitats are under pressure due to economic development, population growth and utilization of forest resources. So far, studies on cuscus ecology have mainly focused on protected habitats or conservation areas, this study aims to identify and analyze populations and predict the distribution of cuscus in non-protectes area which is PT Wijaya Sentosa. This research conduct in November 2020 until January 2021 in several land cover categories. The methods used in this study include literature and secondary data studies, field observations using strip-transect and camera trap techniques, interviews using purposive sampling techniques. This study found nine individuals of cuscus from direct observation with strip-transects and two individuals of cuscus from camera trapping. The ground cuscus population (P. gymnotis) had the highest abundance and density, while the common spotted cuscus (S. maculatus) population owned the lowest values. The population structure dominates by male sex and adult age class, and no female sex and young age class were found. Cuscus was more commonly found solitary in the line of observation and not found in every line. The shape of the distribution pattern of the cuscus population at PT Wijaya Sentosa is cluster/aggregated, determined from the value of the dispersion index and the ratio of variance to mean. The most common ground cuscus was found in the 2018 and the 2013 logging area (LOA).

High-Value Utilization of Tea Forest Resources: Breeding Eurotium cristatum Strains to Enhance Lovastatin Yields in Anhua Dark Tea

The tea plant is a vital strategic forest resource in China. Dark tea produced from its leaves is an indispensable health-promoting product in western China due to its unique lipid-lowering function. Eurotium cristatum is the dominant strain in Fuzhuan brick tea (a variety of Anhua dark tea) and could produce many functional components, including lovastatin, a lipid-lowering compound. In this study, the lovastatin yield of dark tea was improved by breeding Eurotium cristatum using the protoplast fusion method. The experiments were carried out by inducing a fusion between inactivated Eurotium cristatum JH1205 and Monascus CICC5031. Among the 92 fusants screened the HPLC method, four strains (A4, A36, A54, and A76) with higher lovastatin production (more than three times as high) were obtained. The A76 strain had the highest lovastatin yield, which was 23.93 μg/mL. The location of the tea forest strongly influenced the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea. The strain bred in this study improved the lovastatin yield of loose dark tea by more than three times when compared to wild Eurotium cristatum. These results are promising for the development of tea forest resources.

Carbon Sequestration Assessment in Kazakhstan’s Forests: Analytical Review

Climate change processes are occurring on a global scale, accompanied by the emission of substantial greenhouse gas quantities into the atmosphere, with carbon monoxide and dioxide as their predominant components. The analytical review presents the results of assessing the current state of existing research on carbon sequestration in forests. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by absorbing substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, making woodlands the most important carbon sink. Forest biomass and productivity determine the level of carbon accumulation in forest ecosystems. The methods for estimating carbon sequestration are based on various models such as InVEST, CO2FIX, CBM-CFS3, etc. It has been observed that forests accumulate, absorb, and emit carbon dioxide, constituting a trifecta in climate change dynamics. The limited research on carbon sequestration by forests in Kazakhstan substantiates further targeted scientific investigation. The recommendations for enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of domestic woodlands include afforestation and commercial forestry. Progress in these sectors will not only improve the efficiency but also foster the sustainable development of forest resources as a means of climate change adaptation.

Assessment of forest cover and forest loss using satellite images in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam

Deforestation in the tropics continues inexorably with severe implications for biodiversity conservation, climate regulation and ecosystem services. This study investigated variation in forest cover in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, using the Landsat Thematic Mapper and Operational Land Imager satellite images over the period 1989–2021. Imageries were classified using the maximum likelihood classification technique for the years 1989, 2006, and 2021 and were evaluated for accuracy using the kappa coefficient for each year. Furthermore, forest cover losses and gains were evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, which were compared with the output of the supervised classification. Results showed that the forest cover of Thua Thien Hue province has drastically declined over the years. The forest cover, which was estimated at 68.88% (3461.46 km2) of the total land area in 1989, increased to 69.04% (3469.51 km2) in 2006 and subsequently decreased to 57.55% (2891.81 km2) in 2021. Severely reduced forest cover is often associated with the expansion of agriculture on the forest edge; other contributing factors include logging, illegal production land, and forest fires. Overall, our results show the necessity of forest management, rational land-use planning policy, and increased community awareness of conservation and sustainable development of forest resources in the study area in the future.

Mississippi USA'S timber severance tax apportionments and their economic contributions

Eighty percent of Mississippi's timber severance tax collections were authorized by the state legislature in 1984 to fund the Forest Resource Development Program (FRDP), which is a cost share program through which landowners can receive up to 75% reimbursement for their forest management expenses. The remaining 20% is apportioned on shares to counties where timber was harvested. The regional economic contributions of the Mississippi timber severance tax funding spending for FRDP and county governments were determined. Social accounting matrixes (SAMs) were constructed and customized using 2019 data collected by Mississippi State University, IMPLAN, and Lightcast. The modified SAMs were rebalanced to ultimately obtain the total requirements matrix. Funds expended for FRDP and counties in 2019 were run as exogenous final demands. The total possible impact was estimated to be $6.00 million in industrial output and 222 full-time and part-time employment. Because actual expenses were only 72.8% of FRDP funds available that year, this lessened the actual contribution by $1.80 million in output, $1.39 million in value added, and 80 jobs. Regional output contributions correlated moderately with tax collections and forest inventory statistics. Evidence pointed to an inequality of economic flows regarding what South Mississippi paid in tax and the contributions it received in return via industrial activities.

Habitat range shift and prediction of the potential future distribution of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel in Benin (West Africa)

Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel is an important nutraceutical reservoir. Its Sustainable exploitation requires information on its potential distribution in the current context of rapid population growth and climate change threats. This study aimed to map the suitable areas for its domestication and conservation under current and future climate conditions in Benin. Occurrence data were recorded and combined with the environmental layers of two climatic scenarios (optimistic RCP 4.5 and pessimistic RCP 8.5) following the biodiversity modelling approach (biomod2). Currently, about four percent (5082 Km2) of the country's area mainly located in the sub-humid and the humid zones were potentially suitable for R. heudelotii distribution. Under future climatic conditions the potentially suitable areas were mainly in the sub-humid zone, but almost all the highly suitable areas located in the humid zone will become medium suitable areas by the years 2055 and 2085 horizons. This study shows that, whatever the future climatic scenarios, R. heudelotii will substantially maintain the size of its range across the country. These findings allow undertaking anticipated actions to better adapt to the potential effects of climate change and to better guide policies for the conservation and development of forest resources.

Sustainability of Forest Development in China from the Perspective of the Illegal Logging Trade

The illegal logging trade (ILT) is considered one of the major causes of global deforestation and ecological unsustainability. To prevent the price-suppressing damage caused by ILT to the local wood market and global ecological environment, the Chinese government and non-governmental organizations have taken many actions to deal with it. This study used wood trade data to analyze the current status of ILT in China, summarized the efforts and shortcomings of ILT response actions taken by China, and discussed the possible strategies and sustainable development prospects for combating ILT in China’s future. After studying China’s situation in the field of ILT and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of China’s measures to deal with ILT, this study found that the volume of ILT gradually increased in China from 2013 to 2020, which might also be one of the reasons for the slowdown in global ecological sustainability. The Chinese government and non-governmental organizations have taken many actions to deal with ILT through legislation, industry supervision, and international cooperation; to date, these response actions have achieved some positive results. Therefore, on this basis, this study proposed that China needs to further limit and manage ILT to achieve sustainable development of forest resources in the future. Strengthening the legislation, especially the restriction of ILT clauses, as a mandatory policy is the most important means to solve the ILT problem, which can provide the legal basis and a reference for other actions. Using economic means to encourage the import of legal wood is also a viable action to crowd out the trade of illegal wood. It is also necessary to promote an international certification system for wood and the standardization and systematization of logging is also a good way to mitigate ILT. Improving the management of wood being imported into China will fill a critical gap at the global scale in dealing with ILT and have positive impacts on combating global ILT.

Impact of economic growth on the changes in forest resources in Inner Mongolia of China

Balancing the relationship between forest resources and economic growth is crucial for achieving sustainable development in China. Inner Mongolia, with its unique geographical environment and relatively underdeveloped economy, exhibits distinctive patterns in its forest resources development and changes. This study investigates the impact of economic growth on forest resources in Inner Mongolia using time-series data from 1980 to 2018 and the cubic curve regression model based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The results reveal an inverted N-shaped EKC relationship, with the forest coverage rate undergoing a “decline-up-decline” evolution process, characterized by turning points 1984 and 2015, and the forest stock volume exhibiting a “decline-up” evolution process with a minimum turning point around 1999. Remarkably, the forest stock volume continues to increase at present and over a foreseeable future. Furthermore, the study finds that population density has a negligible effect on the reduction of forest coverage rate in Inner Mongolia. Lastly, the paper offers policy suggestions to promote the sustainable development of forest resources in the region.

Потенциал пищевых ресурсов леса в развитии агролесоводства Архангельской области

The problem of food security is always relevant for society, but it is even more acute for the inhabitants of northern territories due to unfavorable agricultural conditions. The use of forest food resources, which are abundant in northern regions, and the development of agroforestry help to solve this problem. Agroforestry in this context is seen as an intensive system of sustainable forest management that has a goal-oriented concept tailored to local ecological and socio-economic conditions and integrates both agricultural and forestry practices. This article aims to explore the potential and role of forest food resources in achieving self-sufficiency for the inhabitants of the Arkhangelsk region, as well as the feasibility of implementing agroforestry practices in forestry. The following objectives were pursued and addressed to achieve the research goal: reviewing journal articles, research results, and statistical data on the use of wild plants; conducting original research to understand and evaluate the role and place of wild plants in the dietary habits of the Arkhangelsk region’s population, as well as the goals and characteristics of plant harvesting; assessing the potential of berry cultivation in the region; identifying challenges and prospects associated with the use and development of forest food resources. The study employed a combination of theoretical, empirical, and comprehensive research methods, including document analysis, marketing research in the form of a survey of Arkhangelsk region residents, and SWOT analysis. The comprehensive study generated conclusions and recommendations regarding the utilization of forest food resources in agroforestry, as well as the need for further research on predictive models for berry yields and interactive maps showcasing the locations of wild plants accessible to the local population. A practical innovation proposed in this study is the development of interactive GIS maps to be used by the region’s inhabitants that display the localization of wild plants based on a network of fixed testing sites. This approach aims to foster sustainable and multifaceted forest management development.

How can an alternative natural resource co-management system be established? —Evidence from Chinese community forestry

ABSTRACT In developing countries, interest in community forest management (CFM) has steadily increased over the last decade. Based on the extended political institutional analysis and development (P-IAD) framework, this paper analyzes the Chinese CFM system by combining the political-economic context, rules-in-use, and discourses to show alternative co-management practices. We find that CFM is rooted in national-level development strategies, embedded government-society relationships, and social development claims. This governance structure determines that the public sector guides the development and utilization directions of forest resources based on development planning and national discourses, while community leaders serve both villagers and the public sector. Over the course of development, this co-management system undergoes dynamic adjustments and gradually fulfills the evaluative criteria, including employing varied institutions, ordinary rules, and cross-scale connections. Compared with the previous co-management system, the current system presents the features of national layer penetration, continuous power coordination, and development orientation. The experience of Chinese CFM shows that scholars should focus on the impact of national-level macro strategies and social construction on natural resource management, not just cooperation between civilian agencies and the community. The findings provide developing countries with new thoughts for designing natural resource management systems.

Ecological and Socio-Economic Factors on the Rate of Participation and Sustainable Forest Management

This research was conducted to examine the effect of ecological, social and economic factors on the rate of partcipation of local communities on sustainable forest management. This research also want to examine the effect of ecological, social and economi factors on the forest sustainability and exploring the mediating role of rate of partcipation of local communities to increase the sustainability level of forest management. In this study, social forestry is examined from a comprehensive viewpoint that includes economic, societal, and ecological factors in order to illustrate the factors that influence local community participation in sustainable forest management in Riau, Indonesia. The use of Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software has revealed that both ecological and socio-economic factors determine the level of local community participation in sustainable forest management. The results have the potential to serve as a point of reference in the advancement of environmental science and environmental sociology, along with providing theoretical understanding about customary forests and local communities. Additionally, the practical implications of the findings can guide the sustainable development of forest resources. Ultimately, these findings are expected to yield optimal solutions for local communities in their efforts to manage customary forests sustainably.

Evaluation and analysis of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen release value under cloud computing framework

Forestry carbon sink refers to the net income generated by forests, trees and woodlands in the process of absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and fixing renewable forest resources. With the rapid development of Chinese economy and accelerating industrialization and urbanization, global climate change has become the focus of attention of all countries. Forest has a strong carbon sink function. The study of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen release value assessment is of great significance for the protection, development and utilization of forest resources and the mitigation of climate change. In this paper, the distributed storage model based on cloud computing architecture was adopted to evaluate the value of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen release. This model can be used to quickly calculate the value of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen release in a certain region, provide data support for forestry carbon sink trading, and provide method reference and scientific basis for forestry carbon sink project accounting.

Effects of forest structure on woody plant diversity in an evergreen broadleaved forest in Cao Bang province

The present study was conducted in Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park in Cao Bang province to evaluate the interplay between forest structure and the diversity of woody plant species in an evergreen broadleaved forest. In six 1-ha permanent plots, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 6 cm were identified, and their DBH, crown diameter, total tree height, and spatial coordinates were recorded. Spatial structure indices, non-spatial structure indices, and species diversity indices were utilized to construct a structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that the SEM model developed exhibited a good fit with CFI=0.98 and SRMR=0.02, signifying its accurate data modelling capabilities. The results emphasized the significant influence of both spatial and non-spatial structure on various woody plant diversity indices, including species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou evenness. Notably, the horizontal spatial structure exerted a more pronounced effect on species diversity than the vertical structure. Furthermore, this study indicated a positive relationship between forest structure and diversity indices, highlighting their benefits. Conversely, interspecies competition negatively affected plant species diversity within the forest stands. This study provides a robust scientific foundation that supports effective strategies for the conservation and sustainable development of forest resources in the study area. It offers valuable insights for forest managers aiming to implement conservation and sustainability initiatives in the tropical evergreen broadleaved forest region.

Xác định một số chỉ số thực vật đặc trưng cho hệ sinh thái rừng tại Khu Bảo tồn thiên nhiên Kon Chư Răng bằng dữ liệu ảnh UAV đa phổ

Vegetation indicators based on remote sensing imaging material is an important criterion in assessing the health, structure and stability of vegetation. In remote sensing images, images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have many advantages, such as high resolution, proactive flight time, and minimizing atmospheric impacts, which are important sources of material in assessing the structure of forest vegetation. In particular, the development of UAV-mounted cameras is improving, enhancing the spectral ranges so that researchers can identify a variety of plant indicators. In this study, the Phantom 4 Multispectral UAV was used with 6 independent cameras attached, including 5 monochrome wave ranges, including blue (Rb): 450±16 nm, green (Rg): 560±16 nm, red (Rr): 650±16 nm, red edge (Rre): 730±16 nm, and near-infrared (Rnir): 840±26 nm, which allowed us to identify most vegetation indicators in the forest area. The results analysed 5 types of vegetation indicators, including NDVI, GNDVI, SAVI, EVI and GCI, for forests in the study area. Indicators indicate that the forest vegetation here is stable, the canopy layer has high coverage, belongs to medium and rich forest types in the Central Highlands region. In addition, analysis of the correlation between vegetation index forms at 30 points in the study area has shown that the image obtained from the UAV has great advantages when applied to the identification of plant indicators, with high similarity, limiting the influence from the atmosphere (the correlation coefficient reaches ≥ 0.74). This is an important basis for expanding the application of UAVs in forest ecology research, identifying their structure and fluctuations over periods, as the basis for the planning and conservation and sustainable development of forest resources.

Forest Resource Assets Departure Audit Considering Ecological Sustainable Development: A Case Study

The Forest Resources Assets Departure Audit (FRADA) is an important measure for the Chinese government to protect and develop forest resources, as well as to promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Explicit audit content and scientific audit method are the basic premises for conducting an accurate audit. In this study, landscape ecology methods were employed to learn the spatiotemporal properties of forest resources, with the support of spatial information technology such as Geography Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). A FRADA system from the perspective of landscape pattern index and ecological vulnerability was constructed. A case study was conducted for the evaluation of the proposed FRADA System. Lichuan, a county-level city in Hubei Province, China that is rich in forest resources was selected as the audit sample area, and the tenure period from 2015 to 2019 was regarded as the tenure cycle. The results showed that: (1) Before and after the tenure cycle, the number of patches (NP), patch density (PD) and largest patch index (LPI) of forest landscape showed a downward trend. Meanwhile, the decreased quantity and quality of forest landscapes showed inadequate protection of large forest patches with significant ecological value. In general, it was not beneficial for the sustainable development of forest resources in the view of ecology. (2) The landscape shape index (LSI) and connectivity index (CONNECT) showed an upward trend, which indicates that the shape of the forest landscape is changing in a complex way, and the connectivity has been improved. While, fractal dimension (FD) and fragmentation index (FN) showed a downward trend, indicating that the fragmentation trend of the forest landscape has been alleviated and the forest resources have a continuous and concentrated distribution. (3) The vulnerability of the forest landscape was significantly aggravated. Regarding administrative areas under the jurisdictions of Nanping Township, Jiannan Town and Fobaoshan Development Zone were particularly disturbed, and required special attention. The research results enrich and develop the theories and methods of FRADA and provide suggestions for the sustainable development of forest resources in Lichuan.