Development Of Entrepreneurial Orientation Research Articles

Digital divide, gender gap, and entrepreneurial orientation: How to foster technology adoption among Pakistani higher education students?

Advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) bear the promise of multiple benefits, including individual and entrepreneurial empowerment. The prospect of harnessing ICT as a means of creating growth and development opportunities is particularly appealing in developing countries. Still, several factors, including digital illiteracy and gender inequality, hamper the possibility of effective and universal utilization of these opportunities, in extreme cases leading to digital divide, gender-based exclusion, poverty, and precarity. Using this observation as a springboard, the objective of this paper is to conceptualize and quantify the digital divide-gender-entrepreneurial orientation nexus as it emerges in the perception of Pakistan higher education students. Using a quantitative approach, this study identifies the impact of digital skills (and thus the knowledge inequalities that can determine the potential digital gap) on entrepreneurship-related technology adoption (as measured through Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, UTAUT), whereby gender is treated as a moderator. The empirical findings, based on Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multiple Group Analysis (MGA), show that digital skills and perceptions of technology capabilities have a substantial impact on the desire to use ICT in entrepreneurial activities. The influence of technology adoption intent on the development of entrepreneurial orientation is also confirmed. This paper adds to the broader debate on gender, digital divide and entrepreneurship. Importantly, by identifying some of the drivers behind students’ technology adoption in a developing nation such as Pakistan, filled with technological and economic unbalances, the conclusions of this study will have conceptual, managerial, and policymaking applications, notably in terms of technological access, digital literary, and gender-based exclusion.

The Influence of Entrepreneurship Orientation Motivation Perception of Opportinities on Entrepreneurship Practices at Vocational High School

This study aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial motivation, and perceptions of opportunities with entrepreneurship practices of Vacational High School students. The research method used is associative (relationship). This research was conducted on class XII students majoring in Accounting at Vacational High School 3 Padang. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents. The sampling technique is saturated sampling, because the entire population in this study is used as a respondent. Data collection was obtained from the results of direct and online distribution of questionnaires to students. Data analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between students' entrepreneurial orientation and their entrepreneurial practices. In addition, entrepreneurial motivation also has a positive influence on students' entrepreneurial practices. Perceptions of business opportunities are also positively correlated with students' entrepreneurial practices. This research provides evidence that the development of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial motivation, and perceptions of opportunities can encourage entrepreneurial practices in Vacational High School students. The results of this study have important implications for education in vocational high schools to strengthen student entrepreneurship learning and development. In addition, this study also underlines the need for attention to these factors in designing effective entrepreneurship programs in schools.

Preduzetnička orijentacija studentkinja prosvetnih profesija

The complex professional demands placed on teachers include the demand that they should act formatively and encourage the development of entrepreneurial competencies of their students, especially the development of entrepreneurial orientation - the dynamic dimension of these competencies. The development of the entrepreneurial orientation of the pre-service and in-service teachers, visible in action, is an important model for students. In this paper, the entrepreneurial orientation scale was used to examine this orientation of female students - future preschool and primary school teachers. The sample included 237 female students from three different faculties. It was established that female students assessed their own entrepreneurial orientation as moderate, although the degree of their conscious, declarative entrepreneurial orientation is relatively high. Proactivity is more emphasized than the other components, whereas competitiveness is the least emphasized component. The internal locus of control positively correlates with willingness to take risks and proactivity, but not with other components of entrepreneurial orientation. The structure and degree of entrepreneurial orientation of the female students of different educational professions, as well as of different years of study, are similar, which indicates the homogeneity of the population of the female students of educational professions in terms of this orientation, but also that it is necessary to enrich university entrepreneurial education as a factor of strengthening determination for entrepreneurial behavior.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEMASARAN PADA UMKM DI KOTA BENGKULU

The purpose of this study is to find out how the development of entrepreneurial orientation inimproving marketing performance of MSMEs in Bengkulu City. This research is a surveyresearch with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was the owners of MSMEs intrade sector in Bengkulu City totaling 100 respondents (MSMEs owners) with the samplingtechnique of judgmental (purposive). Data collection methods used questionnaires /questionnaires, interviews and literature study. The analytical method used in this research isusing the average method (mean) and the frequency distribution table. The results of thisstudy indicate that the development of MSMEs entrepreneurial orientation in Bengkulu Cityhas been carried out well by MSMEs owners in Bengkulu City through innovation activities,proactive orientation and risk taking and has an impact on percentage of customer growth,sales, and profits that continue to increase every year which is a determinants of increasingits marketing performance.

Investigating the mediating role of market orientation between internal marketing and the development of entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs

PurposeThis study examines the role of market orientation in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a descriptive-correlational study based on private sports clubs employees within Iran (Sanandaj). A theoretical model was developed based on the literature and tested using SPSS and PLS-SEM software.FindingsThe findings indicate a positive relationship between internal marketing and employees' entrepreneurial orientation. Market orientation has also played a positive mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation.Originality/valueThe results suggest a higher level of market orientation in the organization can increase teamwork and, consequently, entrepreneurship development among employees. This is important in sports clubs as employees have a significant role in the success of the sports club. Club employees' satisfaction, generated through internal marketing, provides is a prerequisite for customer satisfaction. This therefore creates an environment supportive of entrepreneurial orientation in the club.

Development of Entrepreneurial Orientation

The Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), is a company activity that are related to proactive decision-making practices that pay attention to innovative strategies, risk-taking and exploiting market opportunities. This study aims to explain the development of the EO with a qualitative approach with the literature study method. Results obtained, EO was first introduced by miller in
 1983, stating the importance of innovation, risk taking, productiveness in the EO concept, later developed by Morris and Paul (1987), and Merz and Sauber (1995). In 1996 Lumpkin and Dess perfected the EO concept of Miller (1983) by adding autonomy and competitive aggressiveness in measuring EO. But in its development to date, EO measurements based on several earlier studies EO measurements combine between the studies of Miller (1983) and Lumpkin and Dess (1996).

Entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating role of organisational learning amongst Indian S-SMEs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine organisational learning as a mediator among small-scale manufacturing enterprises (S-SMEs) which comprise the majority of economic activity in an emergent/developing economy. This study offers further understanding regarding the mediating role of organisational learning in developing world economies, due to its potential regional influence.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey of Indian S-SMEs was undertaken from the District Industrial Center. The study employed a systematic sampling technique to contact owner/managers. Overall, 204 S-SMEs owners/managers participated in the study and 192 usable survey instruments were received.FindingsThe study offers novel insights to the following questions. First, the factors that prompt entrepreneurial orientation to achieve superior business performance, i.e. the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation? The results reveal competitor orientation is an antecedent of entrepreneurial orientation that leads to an S-SME’s business performance. Second, the outcomes of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e. the consequences of entrepreneurial orientation? The study reveals organisational learning and business performance are the corollary of entrepreneurial orientation. Third, the examination of whether organisational learning mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance? The findings found the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance are, in part, mediated by organisational learning.Research limitations/implicationsThree study limitations are recognised. First, other strategic orientations, including technology orientation, production orientation and selling orientation are not included. Second, other constructs have a potentially significant relationship with market and entrepreneurial orientation, such as organisational capabilities, innovation and social context, were not considered. Third, the study is industry-sector specific and does not consider alternative sectors which also may play a potential role in economic development.Originality/valueThis study enhances the existing S-SME literature by identifying factors contributing to entrepreneurial orientation and its repercussions on business performance. For S-SMEs it adds credence to the role played by organisational learning in mediating the link between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance which potentially encourages owner/managers to dedicate increased time and resources towards creating and maintaining a conducive learning environment. The results support entrepreneurs in acknowledging the importance of competitor orientation during the emergence and development of entrepreneurial orientation, specifically in emerging economy contexts.

نقش بازارگرایی داخلی در توسعة گرایش کارآفرینانه؛ شرکتهای ارائهدهندة خدمات اینترنت در تهران

کارکنان نقش پررنگی در موفقیت شرکت‌های خدماتی دارند و رضایت آن‌ها پیش‌نیازی برای رضایت مشتریان است. همچنین، توجه و پاسخگویی به خواسته‌ها و نیازهای آنان، زمینة توسعة تمایلات کارآفرینانه در شرکت را فراهم می­کند. علاوه بر این، مشتری‌محوری، ممکن است شرکت را به سوی تمرکز بر نوآوری و استفاده پیش‌دستانه از فرصت‌ها رهنمون سازد. از این­رو، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی این مسئله پرداخته که آیا در شرکت‌های ارائه‌دهندة خدمات اینترنت در تهران، بازارگرایی داخلی می‌تواند از طریق بازارگرایی بر گرایش کارآفرینانه تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بگذارد. بدین منظور، از روش توصیفی-پیمایشی استفاده شد و پرسشنامة پنج­گزینه‌ای طیف لیکرت بین 322 نفر از کارکنان و مدیران شرکت‌های مذکور که با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده بودند، توزیع گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد که بازارگرایی داخلی بر گرایش کارآفرینانه با ضریب مسیر 529/0، بازارگرایی داخلی بر بازارگرایی با ضریب مسیر 796/0 و نیز بازارگرایی بر گرایش کارآفرینانه با ضریب مسیر 337/0 تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. یافته‌ها همچنین نشان می­دهد که بازارگرایی، در رابطة میان بازارگرایی داخلی و گرایش کارآفرینانه، با شدت 268/0 در نقش میانجی جزئی تأثیرگذار است. همچنین، نتایج آزمون سوبل، تأثیر میانجی بازارگرایی را در رابطة مذکور تأیید کرده است. علاوه بر این، مقدار ضریب VAF در صورت میانجی‌گری بازارگرایی، برابر با 336/0 به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد تقریبا 34درصد از تأثیر بازارگرایی داخلی بر گرایش کارآفرینانه از طریق غیرمستقیم با متغیر میانجی بازارگرایی تبیین می‌شود.

Factors influencing the Perceptions of youth entrepreneurship development in South Africa

Youth unemployment is one of the central concerns affecting global economics in the world today. The recent World Economic Forum held at Davos prioritized the discussions on issues confronting youth unemployment. The International Labor Office (ILO, 2013) projected a global youth unemployment rate of 12.7% by 2017. According to the ILO, (2013), 202 million people are unemployed globally and 40% are under the age of 24. South Africa fares even worse. Statistics SA (2012) indicates that 71% of the unemployed are aged 25-34 and the unemployment rate among youth is 36%. About 3.3 million youth aged 15-34 are not employed or studying (Financial Mail, 7th February 2013). With this in mind, the paper intends to look at the perceptions affecting youth entrepreneurship development in South Africa and whether entrepreneurial education and training fosters the development of entrepreneurial orientation in the South African youth. A five point Likert Scale was used, 1 = Strongly disagree 3 = Neutral and 5 = Strongly agree. Furthermore, a quantitative research method was used and 132 grade eleven learners were purposefully selected randomly in Crawford high school in Gauteng. Findings indicate that entrepreneurship education and training can direct students towards certain career choices; secondly, planned behavior can be predicted; and thirdly, practically is able to increase the propensity of students to start a business. Keywords: SA, learners, entrepreneurship culture, orientation, education, youth unemployment. JEL Classification: L26, J24

An empirical study about knowledge transfer, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in family firms

Intraorganisational relationships promote the transfer of knowledge which may generate new perspectives in the company. This research studies the effect of knowledge transfer in the development of entrepreneurial orientation and its influence on performance, as well as the interaction effect of the family influence. We have used a structural equation modelling technique (Partial Least Squares) to analyse such relationships. The study was carried out in firms belonging to Regional Associations of Family Businesses. Our results show that knowledge transfer has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation, which in turn influences business performance. Family influence has a moderating effect by strengthening the relationship between knowledge transfer, entrepreneurial orientation and performance. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for further studies on knowledge management and entrepreneurship in family firms.

Entrepreneurial orientation in management buy-outs and the contribution of venture capital

This paper focuses on the development of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) after a management buy-out (MBO) and on the role played by venture capital firms in enhancing EO. It presents results of two exploratory case studies of divisional buy-outs with regard to their EO and the areas where the venture capital (VC) firm has been of greatest help. Their contribution to elements of the EO of the buy-out firm are discussed. The key output is expected to be a better understanding of the functioning and operations of the VC with regard to their contribution to the EO of the firm after an MBO. This will also benefit the management team that seeks venture capital support to improve the firm's economic performance by using its upside potential.