Development Of Emotional Exhaustion Research Articles

Trajectories and predictors of emotional exhaustion in clinical nurses in the context of healthcare crisis: a case study in Xi’an, China

AbstractThis study investigated the growth trajectory of emotional exhaustion and its predictors in clinical nurses in the context of healthcare crisis in the post pandemic era. A total of 422 Chinese clinical nurses were followed up three times over two months from December 2022 to January 2023, and data from the final 358 clinical nurses were analyzed. The growth mixed model was used to identify the trajectory categories, and the predictive factors of the trajectory types were analyzed by logistic regression. The relationship of the trajectory types of emotional exhaustion with psychological capital were analyzed by variance analysis. The best-fit growth mixture modeling revealed three class models: Class 1 characterized by high and increasing levels of emotional exhaustion, Class 2 characterized by moderate and decreasing levels of emotional exhaustion, and Class 3 characterized by low and decreasing levels of emotional exhaustion. These classes accounted for 9.78%, 83.52%, and 6.70% of clinical nurses, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis indicated that age, years of working experience, gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality were associated with the trajectory of emotional exhaustion. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality were independent predictors of the emotional exhaustion trajectory. The variance analysis of the four dimensions of psychological capital showed that there were statistically significant differences in scores of self-efficacy and hope dimensions among the three groups of emotionally exhausted individuals. Our study demonstrated the heterogeneity of emotional exhaustion among clinical nursing personnel in coping with healthcare system overload. The psychological capital of nursing staff with different categories of emotional exhaustion varies. Managers should actively pay attention to the predictive role of gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality on the development of emotional exhaustion in clinical nurses.

What you think is what you feel: Immigration-related value beliefs predict emotional exhaustion in pre-service teachers

AbstractCultural diversity has recently been discussed as a potential stressor for teachers. The present study contributes to this discussion by examining the role of cultural diversity in the development of emotional exhaustion among teachers. Using the teacher stress model as a framework, we investigated if working conditions, such as cultural diversity (1), value beliefs, such as cultural beliefs or stereotypes towards students with an immigration background (2), and perceived professional competence, such as teaching experience and self-efficacy (3), predict emotional exhaustion. The data comes from a longitudinal study with 291 German pre-service mathematics teachers (M = 9.5 month). Results from robust multiple regression analyses showed no relation between cultural diversity and emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was significantly predicted by prior emotional exhaustion, frequent class disruptions, and large classes. Regarding cultural beliefs, participants with more stereotypes towards students with an immigration background experienced a higher level of emotional exhaustion, whereas the actual cultural diversity in their class had no impact. Contrary to our hypotheses, no effect was found for cultural beliefs. Taken together, our results suggest that it is not cultural diversity per se that leads to emotional exhaustion but evaluative processes of seeing students with an immigration background as burden that reflect beginning teachers' stereotypes. Practical implications are that teacher training should aim to reduce candidates' stereotypes towards students with an immigration background and allow more hands-on teaching experience.

Health-related quality of life of the rural and urban population in Western Siberia: a descriptive study

Aim. To assess the health-related quality of life of the rural and urban population in Western Siberia.Materials and methods. The study was conducted by simple random sampling of 205 people (97 men and 108 women) from residents of rural areas of the Omsk region (n = 132) and the city of Omsk (n = 73). The method of active survey in the form of an interview was used. The MOS SF-36 health survey questionnaire was used in combination with a specially developed questionnaire for sociological studies of the health of rural populations.Results. The highest scores were found on the scales of physical (PF), role physical (RF), and social functioning (SF). For the majority of questionnaire scales, the values obtained for rural residents were lower than those for urban residents. These concerned the PF, General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), SF, and mental health (MH) scales. The values characterizing the physical and psychological components of health were also lower in rural residents. A similar pattern was established when comparing the indicators of rural and urban men on the VT, SF, and MH scales. When comparing the indicators of rural and urban women, significant differences were found on the PF, GH, VT, SF, and MH scales. On all these scales, indicators were also higher among urban women. The respondents’ answers to questions about physical well-being and mental state showed a greater severity of characteristics indicating the development of emotional exhaustion among rural residents.Conclusion. The established low levels of the health-related quality of life among the rural population of the region indicate the relevance of developing and implementing respective targeted preventive programs.

A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Engagement in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Emotional Resources

A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Engagement in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Emotional Resources

A multilevel analysis of change in emotional exhaustion during high school: Focusing on the individual and contextual factors

The development of emotional exhaustion was examined at four time points across seven months among 987 high school students (female, 57.9%) in South Korea. Results of a multilevel growth model showed that the baseline and change in emotional exhaustion significantly varied across individuals and classrooms. At the individual level, depression, over-commitment, anxiety, teacher’s academic pressure, and parental autonomy support were related to the initial level of emotional exhaustion; test anxiety and parental autonomy support were additionally associated with a decrease in emotional exhaustion over time. At the classroom level, teacher’s autonomy support and academic pressure were associated with the baseline of emotional exhaustion, whereas higher teacher’s autonomy support decreased emotional exhaustion. Results showed that the influence of not only individual and contextual factors but also teachers’ and parental factors on students’ emotional exhaustion had different mechanisms at different levels. These findings provide evidence for school psychologists and counselors when formulating intervention strategies for academic burnout. Policy perspectives are also discussed in light of psychological interventions for students.

Exaustão emocional em profissionais da saúde e sua associação com variáveis interventoras

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a variável exaustão emocional e variáveis individuais, laborais e comportamentais. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, entre 282 profissionais de saúde dos serviços de emergências, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Inventário de Burnout de Maslach, Questionário de Trauma na Infância, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Questionário de Rastreio Psiquiátrico, Questionário de Estilo de Vida Fantástico, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e Escala de Reajustamento Social de Homes-Rahe. Redação descritiva dos dados e testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis e posteriormente análise de regressão. Resultados: Houve evidência estatística de associação entre Exaustão Emocional e escolaridade, uso de psicofármacos, estresse precoce, estresse, transtornos mentais comuns, estilo de vida, ansiedade, depressão e reajustamento social. Após análises de regressão, permaneceram evidenciadas as correlações com: escolaridade, uso de psicofármaco, afastamento do trabalho, transtornos mentais comuns e reajustamento social. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se que parte significativa de profissionais que atuam em serviços de urgência e emergência estão acometidos pela Exaustão Emocional. Este estudo aponta um perfil, para o desenvolvimento da Exaustão Emocional, constituído por profissionais de saúde com maior escolaridade, que fazem uso de psicofármacos, que já tiveram afastamento do trabalho no último ano, que apresentam sintomas de sofrimento mental e reajustamento social.

Emotional exhaustion and sleep problems in university students: Does mental toughness matter?

The aim of this two-wave prospective study was to examine the relationship between emotional exhaustion, mental toughness, and sleep problems. A sample of 227 Chinese university students completed measures of these variables at baseline and then again three months later. When the prospective data were examined, sleep problems at baseline predicted increases in emotional exhaustion over the study period, but not vice versa. In addition, mental toughness at baseline predicted increases in emotional exhaustion via sleep problems at baseline. Finally, mental toughness did not moderate the relationship between emotional exhaustion and sleep problems. These findings provide evidence that sleep problems are involved in the development of emotional exhaustion over time. The findings also provide initial evidence that mental toughness plays a significant role in preventing emotional exhaustion by decreasing sleep problems.

Do Type D personality and job demands-resources predict emotional exhaustion and work engagement? A 3-wave prospective study

Cross-sectional studies suggest that Type D personality is a risk factor for work-related exhaustion and engagement, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. The present 3-wave study examined its longitudinal effects, taking into account existing job demands and resources, exhaustion, engagement, and neuroticism. Data were extracted from the LISS-panel, based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted among respondents (N = 2273) who were employed during the 7-month study. Respondents worked in sectors varying from healthcare to industry. In the longitudinal analyses Type D personality was not a significant predictor for exhaustion/engagement over and above existing exhaustion/engagement, neuroticism, job demands and resources, in contrast to cross-sectional analyses. Job demands and resources explained a trivial proportion of variance of exhaustion and engagement in longitudinal analyses. Using the two elements of Type D personality (negative affectivity and social inhibition) did not change main findings. Existing exhaustion and engagement were significant and dominant predictors. We found no evidence to prove that Type D personality is relevant in the development of emotional exhaustion and engagement. Findings stress the necessity of longitudinal studies controlling for corresponding variables assessed earlier to prevent overestimations of effects.

The role of athletic identity in the development of athlete burnout: The moderating role of psychological flexibility

Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the association between athletic identity and emotional exhaustion, a key dimension of athlete burnout, indicating a need to identify boundary conditions that shape the role of athletic identity in the development of emotional exhaustion. To reconcile the mixed findings, the authors propose that psychological flexibility, identified as “the ability to contact the present moment more fully as a conscious human being and to change or persist in behavior when doing so serves valued ends” (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Misuka, & Lillis, 2006, p. 8), can moderate the association between athletic identity and the development of emotional exhaustion. Using a two-wave, time-lagged survey, a total of 132 college athletes (mean age = 19.97 years) completed assessments of athletic identity at Time 1, psychological flexibility at Time 1, and emotional exhaustion at Time 1 and at Time 2 three months later. The results indicated that athletic identity is positively associated with the development of emotional exhaustion over time among individuals with low psychological flexibility but is negatively associated with emotional exhaustion for individuals with high levels of psychological flexibility. This study suggests that the association of athletic identity with increased or decreased emotional exhaustion over time depends on the athlete's attributes. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of understanding athletes' levels of psychological flexibility to prevent emotional exhaustion.

The Role of Job Demands and Job Resources in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion, Depression, and Anxiety Among Police Officers

The aim of this study was to examine whether job demands and job resources predict depression and anxiety levels among police officers and whether emotional exhaustion plays a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, we tested whether job resources can serve as a protective factor against job-related strain. A total of 843 German police officers completed the questionnaires in an online survey. Results showed that job demands (high workload and assaults by citizens) predicted higher levels of depression and anxiety among police officers, mediated through emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, job resources (social support by colleagues, shared values, and positive leadership climate) buffered the effect of job demands on emotional exhaustion and were negatively associated with depression and anxiety levels. The identification of job demands and job resources that are related to psychological strain among police officers provides important information for interventions in order to promote mental health in the context of police work.

Explaining emotional exhaustion and work engagement: The role of job demands-resources and Type D personality.

The aim of the current study was to show that Type D personality—a personality trait characterized by high levels of negative affectivity and high levels of social inhibition—can explain a significant amount of variance in emotional exhaustion and work engagement above and beyond the variance explained by job demands and job resources. An Internet survey was conducted in a large, representative sample of the Dutch working population. In line with our hypotheses, results showed that when controlling for the effects of job demands and job resources, employees with a Type D personality experience more emotional exhaustion and less work engagement than employees without a Type D personality. The main effects of job demands and job resources were in line with our hypotheses, except for the relation between job demands and work engagement; job demands appeared to enhance work engagement. This study contributes to knowledge in several ways. First, this study shows the importance of Type D personality in the development of emotional exhaustion and work engagement next to job demands and job resources. Second, our results add to a growing body of evidence showing that job demands, job resources, and personality should be incorporated in 1 model in order to predict emotional exhaustion and work engagement in an optimal way.

The role of psychosocial working conditions on burnout and its core component emotional exhaustion – a systematic review

AimsTo analyze the association between psychosocial working conditions and burnout and its core component emotional exhaustion, a systematic literature review was undertaken including cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials.MethodsThe literature search in Medline and PsycInfo was based on a defined search string and strict exclusion and inclusion criteria. Evaluation of the 5,599 initially identified search hits by two independent reviewers and a detailed quality assessment resulted in six methodologically adequate cohort studies considering the relationship between psychosocial working conditions and burnout (one study) as well as the burnout core component emotional exhaustion (five studies).ResultsThe results of our systematic review point to a relationship between psychosocial working conditions and the development of emotional exhaustion/burnout. Particularly high job demands seem to play a role in the development of emotional exhaustion. However, strong intercorrelations between workplace factors, as a matter of principle, make the identification of a single psychosocial workplace factor (being associated with an especially high or low risk of burnout) difficult.ConclusionsMultidimensional approaches including reduction of work demands, enhancement of decision latitude and improving the social climate might be promising for preventing burnout and emotional exhaustion. However, methodologically adequate intervention studies are urgently needed to prove the effectiveness of workplace interventions.

Emotional Exhaustion and Motivation in Physical Education Teachers: A Variable-Centered and Person-Centered Approach

Burnout in teachers is related to different maladaptive outcomes. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between emotional exhaustion and motivation to teach in 93 physical education teachers. Results showed that teachers report more emotional exhaustion when they are less autonomously motivated, while the opposite relationship was found for controlled motivation. Next, four motivational profiles were identified by means of cluster analyses: (a) a relative controlled group, (b) a relative lowly motivated group, (c) a relative autonomous group, and (d) a relative highly motivated group. The controlled group reported most emotional exhaustion, whereas the relative autonomous and highly motivated group had the lowest scores on emotional exhaustion. The results indicate that being autonomously motivated may function as a “buffer” against the development of emotional exhaustion. This implicates that it is important for politicians, directors, teachers, and teacher educators to consider teachers’ type of motivation to teach to prevent emotional exhaustion.

Workplace demands and resources as antecedents of job burnout among public child welfare workers: A longitudinal study

This three-wave longitudinal study is the first multiple point longitudinal study to examine the impact of workplace demands and resources on the development of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among public child welfare workers. This study is contextualized within the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) theoretical model of burnout development. Growth curve analyses results from an availability sample of 335 public child welfare workers indicate that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increase over time. Organizational tenure, job stress, and work–family conflict were found to be associated with the development of emotional exhaustion, while age, work–family conflict, and organizational support were related to the development of depersonalization. Implications for workforce management in child welfare organizations and directions for future research are discussed. ►This is the first public child welfare worker multi-wave longitudinal burnout study. ►We examine the impact of job demands and resources on burnout development. ►Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization change and increase over time. ►Tenure, job stress, and work–family conflict predict emotional exhaustion. ►Age, work–family conflict and organizational support predict depersonalization.

Exaustão emocional: relações com a percepção de suporte organizacional e com as estratégias de coping no trabalho

A exaustão emocional é considerada como o fator central do burnout. Diversas pesquisas mostram que características do ambiente de trabalho e do trabalhador estão associadas ao desenvolvimento da exaustão emocional. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre dois aspectos importantes para o estudo da exaustão emocional: a percepção de suporte organizacional (PSO) e o coping no trabalho. 369 trabalhadores responderam uma escala de exaustão emocional, uma de PSO e outra de coping no trabalho. Os fatores gestão de desempenho, sobrecarga, suporte social e ascensão e salários da escala de PSO e o fator escape da escala de coping revelaram-se preditores significativos da dimensão exaustão psicológica da escala de exaustão emocional. A segunda dimensão desta escala, percepção de desgaste, só foi predita significativamente pelos fatores suporte social e sobrecarga da escala de PSO. Recomendações para lidar com a exaustão emocional são apresentadas.