Development Of Effective Programs Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ В КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of enterprise management in a competitive environment. On the basis of existing approaches to the process of managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, modern approaches to the effectiveness of such management are considered, and its significance in modern conditions is substantiated. Competitiveness is studied as a fundamental category of the market economy, which directly affects the efficiency of the participants of the competitive environment and ensures the stability of the development of the market mechanism as a whole.
 The dynamics and structure of production of machine-building products in Ukraine during 2015-2022 were analyzed, its strategically important role in the country's economy was proven, despite the insignificant share of machine-building products in the total volume of industrial production and the strengthening of exports of raw materials industries. The presence of a crisis in the field of mechanical engineering has been proven, the causes of the crisis have been identified state of machine-building enterprises. The peculiarities of the functioning of the machine-building market in the conditions of military aggression were studied, the main problems and prospects of its development were determined. The main factors of the external and internal environment, which cause negative dynamics of production volumes and sales of mechanical engineering products of Ukraine, are systematized.
 Measures for the further effective and competitive development of this market for the long term have been determined, which include the development of effective state programs and strategies for the development of the industry, stimulation of innovative development of enterprises and the introduction of the latest technologies to ensure the possibility of manufacturing high-quality high-tech and knowledge-intensive products.

Design and implementation of a low-cost power logger device for specific demand profile analysis in demand-side management studies for smart grids

Demand-side management is vital for achieving a balance between electricity demand and generation, ensuring a reliable grid. Achieving this balance necessitates a deep understanding of consumption patterns and behaviors, making the analysis of demand profiles a critical component in the development of effective demand response programs. This study focuses on designing a cost-effective power logger device for collecting household power consumption profiles. The device features adjustable recording resolution, a user-computer interface for easy operation, long-term offline recording, compact size, and affordability. Design details of the proposed device are presented, and the prototype is tested to demonstrate its feasibility and reliability. The results, obtained over an extended period, are presented in this paper, enhancing the resources available for advancing machine learning studies, forecasting studies, and demand-side management research.

Attitudes, Motivations, and Barriers to Pre-Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Screening: Development and Validation of the 'Perceptions regarding pRE-symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Screening' (PRE-ADS) Questionnaire.

Pre-symptomatic screening methods for detecting a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are gaining popularity; thus, more people are seeking these tests. However, to date, not much is known about the attitudes toward pre-symptomatic AD screening. The goal of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of a tool for assessing the attitudes, barriers, and motivations to pre-symptomatic AD screening. This is a cross-sectional study performed on 208 Greek participants (189 students and 19 caregivers) provided with an online questionnaire. Psychometric properties were assessed through the examination of its construct validity (principal component analysis) and internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of four factors. The first factor is labeled as "Perceived harms of testing" (10 items), the second "Acceptance of testing" (5 items), the third "Perceived benefits of testing" (6 items), and the fourth factor "Need for knowledge" (4 items). The reliability (internal consistency) of each factor separately was acceptable to good (0.70-0.87) while the internal consistency of the overall questionnaire (25 items) was good (Cronbach's α=0.82). PRE-ADS is a valid questionnaire that might help in the research of peoples' attitudes related to the pros and cons of pre-symptomatic screening for AD, and the development of effective counseling programs and prevention strategies. However, future research is required in the target population.

Investigating the Impact of Physiological and Neuromuscular Performance in Highly Trained Judo Athletes of Different Weight Categories

Background and Study Aim This study aimed to investigate the physiological and neuromuscular aspects influencing the performance of highly trained judo athletes across different weight categories. Material and Methods: A total of twenty-one male judokas with an average age of 20.6 ± 1.8 years participated in the study. The participants had an average body mass (MC) of 77.3 ± 13.4 kg and an average height (SH) of 176.5 ± 8.4 cm. The study employed various assessments to evaluate muscle power, judogi strength endurance, special judo fitness, fight simulation, and incremental treadmill tests. Statistical analyses, such as the Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson's linear correlation, "t" test for dependent samples, and one-way ANOVA, were used. Results: there was significant correlations between the number of throws in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and factors such as ANV, PV, and CMJ. However, no significant correlations were observed between Fmax and TMFmax on the dominant and non-dominant sides, as well as LACmax. %FCmax did not show a significant correlation with ANV and DLS. A significant inverse correlation was found between LACmax and VLAn, while no correlation was observed between DLS and VLAn. LACmax values were significantly higher in the medium/medium-heavy category compared to the light/medium-heavy category, and the CMJ was significantly lower in the medium/medium-heavy category compared to the other categories. Conclusion: conclusion, this study determined that muscle power, capacity, and aerobic power were the primary factors influencing the number of throws in the SJFT among highly trained judo athletes. Maximum strength, strength resistance, and glycolytic capacity did not significantly contribute to the number of throws. Athletes with greater aerobic capacity exhibited lower glycolytic demand during fights. these factors can contribute to the development of effective training programs and strategies to optimize performance in judo athletes of various weight categories.

Museum Tourism in the Post-Pandemic Period: Problems and Prospects of Development

The purpose of this paper is to identify modern forms and methods of interaction between a museum and a tourist visitor in new socio-cultural and economic contexts. Museum as a socio-cultural institution is subject to changes occurring in society and reflects in its activities those rules, demands and values that are relevant for a particular period of history. The spread of market relations in the socio-cultural sphere and the processes of digitalization, accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, are directly reflected in the activities of museums. Today, the museum is transforming from a creator and interpreter of scientific knowledge and a guardian of cultural values into an industry that creates a special environment for visitors. Reorientation towards the individual visitor as the main consumer of the museum tourism product poses new issues and challenges for museums. Thus, in the context of individualization of consumer demand, the issue of “including” the museum in the economy of impressions with its emphasis on emotional information, personal experiences of a person and creation of his/her personal experience becomes relevant. Within the framework of the communication approach, the authors of the article investigate the practices of using the basic principles of the impression economy to create a competitive product and build a dialogue between the tourist and the museum on its basis. The latter becomes important in the light of the formation of the visitor’s loyalty to the cultural identity of the city and the region where the museum is located. The application of the system approach allowed to identify general and private practices of museum service in the conditions of a new model of consumption, oriented to meet the increasing demands of the individual tourist. The materials of the article can not only be used in the theoretical and applied activities of museums, but also serve as an analytical basis for regional and municipal state structures in the development of effective programmes and strategies for tourism development.

Exploring Human Values and Students’ Aspiration in E-Learning Adoption: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

This study explores the significance of students’ aspirations as motivation and expectations in adopting e-learning, considering the influence of cultural values. The research utilizes a theoretical framework that integrates the Technological Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and the DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model, along with Schwartz’s human values. Employing a quantitative approach, the study investigates the relationship between social factors and e-learning adoption through a survey of 509 students at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia using a structured questionnaire and Structural Equation Model for hypothesis testing. Results reveal that students with a proclivity for change and self-enhancement have higher motivation and expectations towards e-learning, while those with conservative perspectives show lower motivation and expectations. Additionally, students prioritizing self-enhancement and openness to change are more likely to actively engage in e-learning adoption. This research contributes to sustainability by highlighting how fundamental human values influence e-learning adoption. It also emphasizes the role of sustainable education and transformative learning processes in shaping attitudes towards e-learning. These insights inform the development of effective e-learning programs, benefiting the field of e-learning research and providing valuable guidance to researchers, policymakers, and decision-makers in creating more inclusive and sustainable educational practices.

Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Due to the limited availability of in-person interventions for caregivers, the development of effective programs that use new technologies to prevent depression is needed. The goal of this research was to assess the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression, administered to nonprofessional caregivers through a smartphone application (app). One hundred and seventy-five caregivers were randomly assigned to either an app-based cognitive behavioral intervention (CBIA), the CBIA intervention plus a telephone conference call (CBIA + CC), or an attention control group (ACG). At post-intervention, the incidence of depression was lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (1.7% and 0.0% vs. 7.9%, respectively). The absolute risk, relative risk, and number needed to treat compared to the ACG were 6.2%, 21.6%, and 16 for the CBIA, whilst they were 8%, 0.0%, and 13 for the CBIA + CC. Depressive symptomatology was significantly lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (d = 0.84, Cliff's δ = 0.49; d = 1.56, Cliff's δ = 0.72), as well as in the CBIA + CC compared to the CBIA (d = 0.72, Cliff's δ = 0.44). The prevention of depression was more likely in participants who received the CBIA, and adding the conference call in the CBIA + CC group improved the likelihood of this.

A strategy tripod perspective on digitalization for sustainable development: a case of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam

In the ever-changing global environment, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face unique and formidable challenges, particularly in the wake of the pandemic. With their dependence on personal interactions and limited resources, along with a lack of digitalization, technology adoption, and online presence, MSMEs are at a high risk of survival. To overcome these operational and supply chain obstacles, MSMEs must embrace digitalization. However, weak institutional foundations, industry-specific issues, and resource-based costs in developing countries, particularly Vietnam, have hindered their adoption. This research study aims to examine the intricate relationship between strategy tripods, digitalization, and firm performance in the context of Vietnamese MSMEs. This study employs structural equation modeling to rigorously test the proposed hypotheses, drawing upon a researcher-designed survey administered to 382 MSMEs. The findings provide valuable insights into the barriers that hinder digitalization adoption in developing countries, emphasizing the crucial roles of government support, knowledge creation and absorption, and competitive intensity. Moreover, the study uncovers the positive impact of firm engagement in digitalization on post-digitalization performance. By contributing to a deeper understanding of the implications of strategy tripods and digitalization for MSME performance in Vietnam, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers and facilitates the development of effective training programs tailored towards digitalization, ultimately fostering sustainable outcomes.

Mental Fatigue Impairs Tackling Technique in Amateur Rugby Union Players.

To test the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on tackling technique on the dominant and nondominant shoulders in rugby union. Twenty male amateur rugby union players and a total of 953 tackles were analyzed. A randomized crossover counterbalanced design was used across a non-MF (control) and an MF condition. During each condition, each player performed 24 tackles, divided into 4 sets of 6 tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder). In the MF condition, players performed the Stroop Task between each set of tackles. A video recording of each tackle was used to evaluate each player's technical proficiency. A score of 1 point was awarded if a specific technique was performed correctly, and 0 point was given if not. The total score, measured in arbitrary units (AU) out of 11, represents the player's overall tackling proficiency. Overall, players displayed a significantly lower technical proficiency score in the MF condition compared to control (set 2: control 7.30 [7.04-7.57] AU vs MF 6.91 [6.70-7.12] AU, P = .009, effect size (ES) = 0.30 small and set 3: control 7.34 [7.11-7.57] AU vs MF 6.88 [6.66-7.11] AU, P = .002, ES = 0.37 small). For the nondominant shoulder, players had a significantly lower technical proficiency score during the MF condition at set 2 (control 7.05 [6.68-7.41] AU vs MF 6.69 [6.42-6.96] AU, P = .047, ES = 0.29 small) and set 3 (control 7.14 [6.83-7.45] AU vs MF 6.61 [6.35-6.87] AU, P = .007, ES = 0.49 small). MF can diminish a player's overall tackling proficiency, especially when tackling on the nondominant shoulder. The physiological mechanism for this finding may be impaired executive function and suboptimal functioning of neural signals and pathways, which result in less skillful coordination of movement. To further understand and explain MF-induced physiological changes in tackling, the feasibility of monitoring brain activity (such as electroencephalogram) and neuromuscular function (such as electromyogram) needs to be investigated. The findings from this study may also contribute to the development of more effective tackle training programs for injury prevention and performance.

The Unique Role of Peer Support: Exploring the Effects of Various Sources of Social Support on the Mental Health of Unaccompanied Children in China under Residential Education.

This study investigates the impact of various sources of social support on the mental health of unaccompanied children under residential education in China. Unaccompanied children refer to those whose parents are still alive but unable to raise them due to various reasons. The study utilized self-reported questionnaires administered at two time waves, with the first wave (T1) evaluating family support, teacher support, and peer support, and the second wave (T2) evaluating depression, subjective well-being, and resilience. A total of 202 participants completed both surveys. To examine the predictive effect of different sources of social support on the mental health of these children, the study used the structural equation model with depression and subjective well-being as indicators. The results show that neither family support nor teacher support (T1) had a significant effect on the mental health (T2) of the children. However, peer support (T1) had a significant positive predictive effect on mental health (T2), indicating the unique role of peer support in promoting the mental health of unaccompanied children. The study also explored the mediating role of resilience between social support and well-being, revealing that though the direct effect of teacher support (T1) on mental health (T2) was not significant, the indirect mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between teacher support and mental health was significant. Both the direct and indirect effect of family support (T1) on mental health (T2) were not significant. These findings highlight the importance of creating a positive peer environment for unaccompanied children to promote their mental health. This study has important practical implications for the development of effective intervention programs aimed at improving the mental health of this population.

Sosialisasi Upaya Pencegahan Perilaku Bullying Pada Siswa SMPN Di Tirtajaya

The purpose of this service is to socialize as an effort to prevent bullying practices at one of the SMPN in Tirtajaya, Karawang. The dedication method used is a qualitative descriptive study involving teachers and students from SMPN Karawang as participants. Data was collected through class observation and analysis of documents related to the outreach program. The results showed that the bullying prevention outreach program had been well implemented at the Karawang Junior High School and had achieved several important goals. In the implementation process, several challenges were encountered, such as differences in students' understanding and awareness of the issue of bullying. However, awareness about the importance of stopping bullying behavior and creating a safe and inclusive school environment is gradually increasing. This research provides valuable insights for the development of more effective outreach programs to address the problem of bullying in other schools.

Assessing the barriers and facilitators of access to diabetic retinopathy screening in sub- Saharan Africa: a literature review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults. An increase in visual loss has been projected for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with the diabetes epidemic in the region. Screening is a cost-effective way to reduce this scourge, but adequate services are scarce. This review aims to evaluate the evidence on barriers and facilitators of access to DR screening with a view to making evidence-based recommendations for the development of effective and sustainable programmes in SSA. A systematic literature search of Africa-Wide Information, Embase, Cochrane library, Global Health, and Medline databases was done using diabetic retinopathy, screening, and Sub-Saharan Africa as concepts. Google Scholar was also searched to identify relevant literature. Studies were included if they were done in SSA and reported on barriers and/or facilitators of access to DR screening. The database search yielded 616 papers and google scholar yielded 9223 papers. Of these, 54 papers were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were appraised with appropriate checklists. Fourteen themes were synthesised. Most were supply challenges affecting all dimensions of access and the six components of the health systems building blocks. Several studies had poor methodologies, and this has implications for the evidence provided. The findings of this review show a weakness in the health systems suggesting this is the major indirect barrier to DR screening in SSA. Measures to strengthen the health system for DR screening is strongly recommended.

Genomic insight into the distribution and genetic environment of blaIMP-4 in clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in China

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a major threat to public health due to its resistance to almost all antibiotics. It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems around the globe. Based on our previous nationwide survey of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in China, seven blaIMP-4-carrying CRKP isolates were identified, all exhibiting MDR and epidemiologically linked to four different regions in China. WGS analysis revealed that the seven blaIMP-4 genes were all located on plasmids, of which five blaIMP-4 genes were located on the IncHI5 plasmids and the other two belonged to the IncN and IncFIIK plasmids, respectively. Except for the IncHI5 plasmid, conjugation assays revealed that the IncN and IncFIIK plasmids could be transferred to the recipient strain Escherichia coli J53. This study revealed significant genetic variation and identified numerous resistance factors among blaIMP-4-carrying CRKP strains in China, suggesting that blaIMP-4-carrying CRKP strains evolved via multiple phylogenetic routes and highlighting a need for expanded surveillance and establishment of control measures to prevent dissemination of CRKP strains, and facilitate development of more effective antibiotic stewardship policies and infection control programs.

Relationship between impulse and kinetic variables during jumping and landing in volleyball players

BackgroundThis study examined the relationships between impulse and kinetic variables during jumping and landing in elite young male volleyball players.MethodologyEighteen players were recruited and asked to jump on a force plate, which allowed for the direct extraction of jump and landing kinetic data. The data was then analysed using stepwise regression to explore the relationship between landing impulse and various kinetic variables.ResultsOur findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the peak rate of force development concentric (PRFD CON) and impulse at landing (β = 0.537, p = 0.02). In a secondary analysis, we found that PRFD CON (β = 0.497, p = 0.01) and time to peak power concentric (TPPC) (β = 0.424, p = 0.04) were also positively correlated with landing impulse. Importantly, PRFD CON and TPPC were the variables that had the most muscular predictive power for impulse at landing.ConclusionThese findings offer crucial insights into the biomechanics of jumping and landing in elite young male volleyball players, informing the development of more effective training programs. Our study identifies PRFD CON and TPPC as critical factors for improving landing impulse, emphasizing the need to consider multiple kinetic variables when designing training programs for explosive skills. These insights can help optimize performance and reduce the risk of injury in elite young male volleyball players.

The challenges of radiotelephony communication and effective training approaches: A study of Korean pilots and air traffic controllers

The utilisation of Aviation English is paramount in ensuring the safety and efficiency of the aviation industry, and it serves as a preventative measure against incidents and accidents related to communication. This study examines the challenges in radiotelephony communication faced by Korean pilots and air traffic controllers, who are English as a second language (L2) speakers. The study aims to identify the causes of communication difficulties and to explore effective English educational materials to mitigate these difficulties. The research employed a questionnaire to gather the perspectives of pilots and controllers, who are experts in the aviation industry, regarding the issues. The results indicate that communication difficulties are caused by a lack of English language proficiency, excessive use of plain language, rapid rate of speech, and accents that deviate from standard English. Moreover, the results suggest that practical training, using materials such as real transmission voice recordings and diverse vocabulary resources, can enhance speaking and listening comprehension skills in non-routine situations. This study provides valuable insights for the development of effective training programs and materials, which could help reduce communication difficulties and improve the safety and efficiency of aviation operations.

A Comparative Analysis of Neuroprotective Properties of Taxifolin and Its Water-Soluble Form in Ischemia of Cerebral Cortical Cells of the Mouse.

Cerebral ischemia, and, as a result, insult, attacks up to 15 million people yearly in the world. In this connection, the development of effective preventive programs and methods of therapy has become one of the most urgent problems in modern angiology and pharmacology. The cytoprotective action of taxifolin (TAX) in ischemia is well known, but its limitations are also known due to its poor solubility and low capacity to pass through the hematoencephalic barrier. Molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of TAX in complex systems such as the brain remain poorly understood. It is known that the main cell types of the brain are neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, which regulate the activity of each other through neuroglial interactions. In this work, a comparative study of cytoprotective mechanisms of the effect of TAX and its new water-soluble form aqua taxifolin (aqTAX) was performed on cultured brain cells under ischemia-like conditions (oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)) followed by the reoxygenation of the culture medium. The concentration dependences of the protective effects of both taxifolin forms were determined using fluorescence microscopy, PCR analysis, and vitality tests. It was found that TAX began to effectively inhibit necrosis and the late stages of apoptosis in the concentration range of 30-100 µg/mL, with aqTAX in the range of 10-30 µg/mL. At the level of gene expression, aqTAX affected a larger number of genes than TAX; enhanced the basic and OGD/R-induced expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging proteins with a higher efficiency, as well as anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic proteins; and lowered the level of excitatory glutamate receptors. As a result, aqTAX significantly inhibited the OGD-induced increase in the Ca2+ levels in the cytosol ([Ca2+]i) in neurons and astrocytes under ischemic conditions. After a 40 min preincubation of cells with aqTAX under hypoxic conditions, these Ca2+ signals were completely inhibited, resulting in an almost complete suppression of necrotic death of cerebral cortical cells, which was not observed with the use of classical TAX.

Pengaruh Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka Terhadap Kemandirian Siswa Kelas V SDN Cibodas Kota Tangerang

This study evaluates the influence of Scout extracurricular activities on self-directed learning in 5th-grade students at SDN Cibodas, Tangerang City. Data collected includes pre and post assessments of students' self-directed learning. The study involved 57 students divided into control and experimental groups. Results indicate a significant difference in self-directed learning between the two groups. Students who participated in Scout activities showed a notable improvement in self-directed learning compared to non-participating students. These findings support the hypothesis that Scout extracurricular activities positively impact students' self-directed learning. The implications highlight the importance of Scouts in fostering student independence. Through Scout activities, students develop crucial skills such as self-directed learning and problem-solving. This insight guides schools and stakeholders in designing holistic educational programs that prioritize the integration of Scout extracurricular activities. Additionally, this research contributes to the existing literature on the influence of extracurricular activities on student development. The findings serve as a foundation for further research investigating additional factors influencing the impact of Scout activities on students' self-directed learning. It also informs the development of more effective extracurricular programs aimed at enhancing students' self-directed learning abilities

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among rural adolescents in Thakurgaon district, Bangladesh: an interview-based study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the understanding, opinions and actions concerning COVID-19, referred to as knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP), among rural adolescents in Bangladesh. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the determinants...

Sustainable Farming Management in India

Agriculture has historically had a significant negative impact on the environment, primarily due to practices aimed at increasing yields to meet the growing demands of the population. These practices have led to consequences such as deforestation, soil degradation, biodiversity loss, irrigation issues, and pollution. To tackle these challenges, the concept of sustainable agriculture has emerged as a new approach. Sustainable agriculture aims to meet the present food and resource needs of society while ensuring the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes the use of agricultural practices that minimize negative environmental impacts, promote resource efficiency, and ensure long-term sustainability. To effectively implement sustainable agriculture, it is crucial to adopt practices that align with its principles. Examples of such practices include organic farming, integrated pest management, crop rotation, agroforestry, conservation tillage, and water management techniques. By adopting these practices, farmers can reduce reliance on synthetic inputs, preserve soil health, conserve water resources, protect biodiversity, and mitigate the impact of agriculture on climate change. However, the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices is influenced by various factors that can vary across regions and contexts. These factors may include economic considerations, access to resources and knowledge, policy support, market demand for sustainable products, social norms, and farmer attitudes and beliefs. Understanding these factors is essential for promoting widespread adoption of sustainable agriculture. Research has been conducted to explore the drivers and barriers to the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. By identifying these factors, policymakers, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders can develop targeted strategies to incentivize and support farmers in transitioning towards sustainable practices. Although progress has been made in understanding the factors influencing adoption, there are still gaps and challenges in the existing literature. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between different factors and their effects on adoption outcomes. This will contribute to the development of more effective policies, programs, and interventions to promote sustainable agriculture and address the environmental challenges associated with conventional farming practices.

The Impact of Traditional Bullying on Adolescent Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Traditional bullying refers to the physical, verbal or social aggression that takes place offline, often within school or community settings. Despite the increasing attention given to cyberbullying in recent years, traditional bullying remains a prevalent issue that can have profound consequences for the well-being of adolescents. This paper examines various aspects of traditional bullying, including its characteristics, psychological effects on victims, individual factors that contribute to resilience in the face of traditional bullying and intervention programs. Additionally, it explores the different psychological management strategies in mitigating the negative impact of traditional bullying. By synthesizing existing research findings, this paper offers insights into the multifaceted nature of traditional bullying and its implications for mental health, thereby contributing to the development of effective prevention and intervention programs.