Ecotourism Development Research Articles

Exploring The Ecotourism Paradox: Perspective of Local Residents in Accredited Ecotourism Sites in Laguna Province Towards Sustainable Ecotourism Development

Exploring The Ecotourism Paradox: Perspective of Local Residents in Accredited Ecotourism Sites in Laguna Province Towards Sustainable Ecotourism Development

Formulating Policies for Halal Tourism in Indonesia Based on Islamic Law

This research aims to examine the implementation of Islamic law, the role of ulama’s thoughts and authority, and the appropriateness of government policies on halal tourism in Indonesia. A qualitative method was employed to gather primary data, specifically through a one-day symposium on “Halal Tourism and Hospitality” held by Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy in Semarang, Indonesia. This symposium invited 100 participants from various sectors, including the tourism and hospitality industry, government representatives, community leaders, and politicians. The data underwent content analysis utilising word cloud and narrative analysis for the preliminary and Leximancer and narrative analysis for the panel discussion. The study shows that the implementation of Islamic law in formulating halal tourism policies in Indonesia involves several steps and practices aimed at ensuring compliance with Islamic principles within the tourism industry. Furthermore, the thoughts and authority of ulama play a pivotal role in shaping and influencing policies related to halal tourism. Lastly, the Indonesian government has established policies consistent with Islamic principles, such as regulations on the management and provision of halal food, the development of family-friendly tourist destinations, the promotion of spiritual tourism, the prohibition of practices and services conflicting with sharia, the development of sharia-based ecotourism, and the utilisation of Islamic language and symbols in tourism promotion. The study contributes to identifying gaps and opportunities for further incorporating Islamic principles into tourism policies.

Comparison of municipalities within whose borders specially protected natural areas are located

Purpose: is to present and to substantiate methodological approaches to comparing the municipalities by income, taking into account the specially protected natural areas (SPNA) located on them.Methods: the clustering method (k-means) is used to differentiate municipalities within groups built according to the SPNAs network scale. The method of full-time formalized interviews is used to compare the tourists` expenses at the SPNA of urban districts. The comparative analysis method is used to compare the economic parameters of municipalities involved in the overall ecotourism project.Results: the authors proposed three methodological approaches to comparing municipalities based on the income of local residents and the municipality as a whole. Within the first approach, characteristics of groups of municipalities formed according to the share of SPNA`s area in the area of the municipality were obtained. The group with the weakest position in terms of budget self-sufficiency is «10.1%– 15.0%», in terms of population changes – «15.1%–20.0%», in terms of residents` income level – «20.1%–30.0%». The second approach made it possible to estimate the income of urban districts from SPNA visits. Under the level of SPNA attendance and the number of tourists, the annual volume of tourist spending on SPNA ranges from 0.1 billion up to 0.5 billion rubles. The comparison of municipalities connected by a single project on SPNA revealed the data on the small businesses development and territory`s tax revenues, as well as the features in the local residents` income level changes.Conclusions and Relevance: the obtained characteristics of groups of municipalities indicate insufficient use of the potential of SPNA to generate income for the local residents (group «20.1%–30.0%») and income for the territory (group «10.1%–15.0%»). Urban districts` SPNA tourist visits can provide a significant revenue base for the municipality, but its volume is not always determined by the SPNA network scale. The development of eco-tourism in rural municipalities makes it possible to reduce the crisis periods` impact on the local budget filling and residents` income.

A conceptual framework for characterization of agricultural heritage in desert-prone areas

PurposeThis study aims to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework for the characterization of agricultural heritage in desert-prone areas, with a focus on Siwa Oasis in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilizes a multidimensional approach, integrating perspectives from sustainability principles, stakeholders and the agricultural heritage frameworks of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). It involves thematic analysis of qualitative data collected through focus group discussions and interviews with a diverse range of participants, including community members, government officials, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and researchers.FindingsThe study identifies five key elements of agricultural heritage in Siwa Oasis: cultural, ecological, economic, social and scientific. Cultural elements include traditional farming practices, irrigation systems and architectural features, while ecological elements encompass crop biodiversity, wildlife habitats and traditional landraces. Economically, date palm cultivation, olive production and agritourism activities play crucial roles in livelihood security and local economies. Socially, community cohesion, gender roles and cultural practices shape the social fabric of the oasis, with festivals and rituals fostering a sense of belonging. From a scientific perspective, the integration of traditional knowledge with modern agricultural practices enhances sustainability and resilience.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused solely on Siwa Oasis as a case study, limiting generalizability to other desert-prone areas. Further research could explore additional regions to enhance the understanding of agricultural heritage in diverse contexts. Additionally, the qualitative nature of the study may limit statistical analysis. Future studies could employ mixed-methods approaches for a more comprehensive understanding of agricultural heritage dynamics.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the multifaceted aspects of agricultural heritage in Siwa Oasis can inform sustainable development initiatives, tourism planning and cultural preservation efforts. Local policymakers and stakeholders can utilize these insights to develop policies that support traditional farming practices, ecotourism and community development. Furthermore, the promotion of agricultural heritage can enhance economic opportunities, food security and environmental sustainability in desert-prone regions.Social implicationsRecognition of the social elements embedded within Siwa Oasis’s agricultural heritage highlights the importance of community cohesion, gender roles and cultural practices. By acknowledging and preserving these aspects, initiatives can be developed to empower local communities, promote gender equality and preserve cultural identity. Such efforts can enhance social cohesion, strengthen cultural bonds and promote inclusivity in the development agenda of desert-prone areas.Originality/valueThis study contributes a novel conceptual framework that bridges multifunctionality concepts, sustainability principles and stakeholder perspectives to characterize agricultural heritage in desert-prone areas. It offers insights into the complex interplay of cultural, ecological, economic, social and scientific dimensions of agricultural heritage systems.

Implications of Mangrove Planting For Ecotourism Prospects in Kartikajaya Village, Patebon District, Kendal Regency

The community service program in Kartikajaya Village aims to utilize local economic potential by making mangrove planting a tourist attraction. The village has suitable geographical conditions for ecotourism development, but the lack of community awareness and understanding of the benefits of mangroves is a major challenge. The program involves the local community in mangrove planting and maintenance activities, as well as providing education on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems and increasing the village's tourism attractiveness. The results of this program showed an increase in community awareness of the importance of environmental conservation, as well as an increase in the number of tourist visits to the village. Thus, mangrove planting not only serves as an environmental conservation effort, but can also make a positive contribution to the economy of the surrounding community through the development of river cruising ecotourism.

TRENDS IN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Objective. The article aims at analyzing the current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine under conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war. Methods. The results of the study are obtained applying the following methods: theoretical generalisation and system-structural method (to study the theoretical foundations of ecotourism), analysis (to analyse the main trends in the development of ecotourism in Ukraine), statistical method (to process statistical information), classification method (to divide the regions by ecotourism potential), abstract-theoretical method (to formulate theoretical conclusions). Results. The current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine are analysed according to two main directions: ecological tourism within and outside protected areas. The main organisational forms of ecological tourism are identified, including ecological tourist routes and trails, cultural and educational ecological excursions, recreation in eco-hotels of various types, active mountain and water eco-recreation. The author analyses the security features of ecotourism under the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war, the activities of the international certification programmes "GreenKey" and "BlueFlag", and the most popular ecotourism sites in Ukraine. As a result of the analysis, it is proposed to conditionally divide the regions of Ukraine, according to the existing ecotourism potential, into 4 categories: regions with high ecotourism development potential, regions with medium ecotourism development potential, regions with low ecotourism development potential and regions where ecotourism is impossible to organise.

The Role of Local Communities in Ecotourism Development: A Bibliometric Analysis of Participation and Empowerment

This study utilizes VOSviewer, a tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks, to analyze the landscape of research within ecotourism and community development. Through a series of visualizations, we identified thematic clusters that encapsulate key focus areas such as community development, conservation efforts, economic impacts, and the integration of local culture and wisdom into sustainable tourism strategies. Our analysis further reveals how research trends have evolved from foundational to more specialized topics, particularly noting a marked focus on marine ecotourism and capacity building in recent years. Additionally, author collaboration patterns were examined to identify both prominent partnerships and potential gaps in collaborative research. The visualizations also highlighted underexplored areas that present new research opportunities, particularly in assessing the economic implications of ecotourism and developing capacity-building strategies. This comprehensive examination not only maps the current state of the field but also points towards future directions for research and collaboration.

PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN EDUKASI EKOWISATA DENGAN PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT DI DANAU TEMPE KECAMATAN TEMPE KABUPATEN WAJO

Lake Tempe Is Fisherman. The problem that often arises related to the livelihood of the population is the availability of employment opportunities which are inadequate with population development as stated in the regional development planning of Wajo Regency. Especially for fishermen who live around Lake Tempe, if they only rely on income to fish in the lake, their income will be very limited, so to obtain additional income, ecotourism can be developed around the lake. This community service activity aims to increase public awareness about the potential. natural resources that can be used as a source of income, thereby increasing household income. This activity was carried out on August 31 2023, at Laelo Village, Tempe District. By obtaining results (1) the community can develop ecotourism in Lake Tempe, with full involvement by the community (2) community participation is quite good, so that this activity runs smoothly (3) increase community knowledge, especially fishermen, regarding ecotourism development to increase community income.

Strengthening Creative Local Human Resources In The Field Of Business Models And Marketing Of Coffee Ecotourism In Sukodono Village, Malang District

Sukodono Village in Malang Regency has diverse resource potential, but faces challenges related to branding and optimizing existing potential. Thelevel of community literacy related to science and technology is still low, affecting the ability to operationalize technology to develop a sustainable coffee ecotourism business model. Making Sukodono Village a successful coffee ecotourism destination requires strategic planning to improve the competitiveness of the area. The level of knowledge and skills of local human resources is still lacking, hampering competitiveness and competence in developing sustainable business and marketing models, particularly in the utilization of digital platforms. Therefore, improving the quality of local human resources in Sukodono Village needs to be encouraged in order to apply modern business models such as the business model canvas.Assistance in community empowerment in Sukodono Village, by developing a more productive coffee ecotourism business model through a business model canvas (BMC), can be a solution to this problem. The development of coffee ecotourism begins with the branding process through existing promotional media, including village layout maps, websites, and regional taglines to increase the popularity of Sukodono Village as a coffee ecotourism destination in Malang Regency

Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Suitable Habitats and Ecological Niche for Trollius Wildflowers in Ili River Valley, Tacheng, Altay Prefecture.

Xinjiang in China is distinguished by its distinctive regional landscape and high ecological sensitivity. Trollius wildflowers represent a unique and iconic element of the mountain flower landscape in Xinjiang. However, their populations are predominantly distributed in mountainous areas, making them susceptible to climate change. Despite this, the impacts of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitats and ecological niche differentiation for Trollius wildflowers have rarely been quantified. Consequently, simulations were conducted using the R-optimized MaxEnt model to predict the suitable habitat distribution of Trollius wildflowers. This was based on the occurrence data and environmental variables for the four species of Trollius (T. altaicus, T. asiaticus, T. dschungaricus, and T. lilacinus) that exist in the study area. The simulation was conducted over a period of time, beginning with the past glacial period and extending to the present, and then to the future (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) under multiple scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). The simulation of suitable habitats enabled the measurement of the ecological niche breadth and differentiation. The results demonstrate that the model predictions are precisely accurate, with AUC values exceeding 0.9. Annual mean temperature (Bio1), isothermality (Bio3), and precipitation in the warmest quarter (Bio18) are the dominant climate variables, in addition to vegetation, elevation, and soil factors. The proportion of suitable habitats for Trollius wildflowers varies considerably over time, from 0.14% to 70.97%. The majority of habitat loss or gain occurs at the edges of mountains, while stable habitats are concentrated in the core of the mountains. The gravity center of suitable habitats also shifts with spatial transfer, with the shifts mainly occurring in a northeasterly-southwesterly direction. The SSP1-2.6 scenario results in the sustained maintenance of habitats, whereas the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios present challenges to the conservation of habitats. The threshold of ecological niche breadth for Trollius wildflowers is subject to fluctuations, while the ecological niche differentiation also varies. The study aims to examine the evolution of the habitat and ecological niche of Trollius wildflowers in Xinjiang under climate change. The findings will provide theoretical support for delineating the conservation area, clarify the scope of mountain flower tourism development and protection of mountain flower resources, and promote the sustainable development of ecotourism and effective utilization of territorial space in Xinjiang.

Ecotourism Development Strategy in Preserving Local Wisdom of Betawi Culture

This research aims to describe the potential for ecotourism in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village, analyze ecotourism development strategies in preserving the local wisdom of Betawi culture, analyze the impact of ecotourism development for the community in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village, and analyze the obstacles and challenges of ecotourism development in the Betawi Cultural Village Setu Babakan. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of the research show that the development of the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village area as ecotourism is a model for preserving Betawi culture based on the available natural environment. The potential for ecotourism in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village is natural resources, agro tourism, cultural tourism, water tourism, culinary tourism, and Museum Betawi. Furthermore, the strategy for developing ecotourism in preserving local Betawi cultural wisdom is to collaborate with other parties, carry out promotions, and procure typical Betawi plants. Meanwhile, the impact for the community is to increase people's income and learn Betawi cultural values and local wisdom. The challenges faced are the independence of the area so that it does not depend on the regional government, efforts to attract visitors through various media, and ways to make Betawi culture loved by the community, while the obstacles are budget problems from the government, the perception of the Betawi community as an ethnic group that is not advanced, and that it is not easy to collaboration with other parties.

DAMPAK EKOWISATA KAWAH PUTIH DI KECAMATAN RANCABALI BANDUNG TERHADAP SOSIO-EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DAN LINGKUNGAN SERTA STRATEGI PENGEMBANGANNYA

The high perception of Kawah Putih Ecotourism management in involving the community in economic activities still has no impact on increasing people's income and standard of living, so it is necessary to analyze the impact of Kawah Putih Ecotourism development on the socio-economy and environment of the surrounding community and its development strategy. First, it is measured with ecotourism parameters for implementation to determine the economic impact on society which is analyzed with income inequality and Klassen typology. Social impact analyzes its positive and negative impacts. The physical environment is analyzed through environmental awareness parameters and development strategies using IFE-EFE, SWOT and QSPM techniques. The results of the research evaluating the application of the principles and criteria of Crater Ecotourism obtained quite high performance results. While the economic analysis of the average per capita income of the community is relatively small for economic growth, the classification of the Klassen typology of the Kawah Putih community is still considered a disadvantaged area. The social impact of the community is categorized as moderate with a slightly larger percentage of negative impact. The level of environmental awareness is still felt to be quite high. Kawah Putih ecotourism priority strategy is to implement quality and licensed management and services by prioritizing honesty, hospitality, comfort and cleanliness to create tourist loyalty so as to improve the economy, social community is more inclined to positive impacts with high environmental awareness. Keywords: Ecotourism, Socio-Economic, Environmental, Development Strategy

The Tunan Waterfall Ecotourism Development Strategy in Talawaan Village, Talawaan District, North Minahasa Utara.

This study aims to identify the Tunan Waterfall Ecotourism Development Strategy in Talawaan Village, Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted during July 2023. The selection of respondents was done deliberately and determined. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by conducting direct interviews with respondents, completing questionnaires, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion), and secondary data was obtained from previous research related to this research. The total respondents were 25 people. Secondary data was also obtained through books obtained from local bookstores and the internet via Google Scholar in the form of books, journal articles, and theses related to the topic of this research, namely Waterfall Ecotourism Development Strategy. The results of the study show that the analysis on the SWOT matrix is obtained at the coordinates of 0.67: 1.08, which means that the position is in quadrant I (aggressive), namely supporting growth strategies (Growth), by maintaining the beauty of nature, not only the waterfall but the beauty along the way, as well as taking advantage of the strengths of tourist objects, such as the beauty of nature, the existence of river water that can be used as a place to swim, good accessibility, proximity, and others. Keywords: development strategy, ecotourism, waterfall, tourism factors Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Air Terjun Tunan di Desa Talawaan Kecamatan Talawaan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama bulan Juli 2023. Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara sengaja dan ditentukan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara langsung dengan responden, pengisian kuesioner dan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) dan data sekunder diperoleh dari penelitian yang sudah ada sebelumnya yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Total responden sebanyak 25 orang. Data sekunder juga diperoleh melalui buku yang diperoleh dari toko buku lokal serta internet melalui google scholar berupa buku, artikel jurnal dan skripsi yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian ini yaitu Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Air Terjun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis pada matriks SWOT diperoleh pada titik koordinat 0,67 : 1,08 yang artinya posisi tersebut berada pada kuadran I (agresif) yaitu mendukung strategi pertumbuhan (Growth), dengan mempertahankan keasrian alam bukan hanya air terjunnya tetapi keasrian sepanjang perjalanan, serta memanfaatkan kekuatan dari objek wisata, seperti keasrian alam, adanya aliran air sungai yang bisa dibuat sebagai tempat berenang, aksesibilitas yang baik, jarak yang dekat, dan lainnya. Kata kunci: strategi pengembangan, ekowisata, air terjun, faktor faktor pariwisata.

Participatory Communication Model Based on Local Wisdom in Ecotourism of West Detusoko Village

Sustainable ecotourism development needs participation, participatory communication, and local wisdom. A participatory communication strategy needs to be implemented so that the community is willing to accept the policy and get involved in developing and maintaining these tourist destinations. Communication must be dialogical and symmetrical, and decision-making must be participatory by considering local wisdom. This study uses participatory communication theory. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection uses literature studies, in-depth interviews, and FGDs. Informants in the study were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research findings show that participatory communication in ecotourism planning and development includes Dialogue, Heteroglossia, Polyphony, and Carnival. Meanwhile, the model of community participation is empowered participation. Ecotourism based on local wisdom can increase community participation and build participatory communication. Optimizing ecotourism based on local wisdom can help increase people's income and maintain nature conservation and cultural preservation.

Latin American research on ecotourism and Peru's contribution: A bibliometric overview

Objective. A bibliometric review of the scientific production in ecotourism in Latin America was carried out, with a focus on the contribution of Peru. Design/Methodology/Approach. Bibliometric techniques were combined with a content analysis approach to collect and analyze the literature on ecotourism in Latin America. Articles from 1992 to 2024 were collected using the Scopus database, and VOSviewer software was used to perform a bibliometric analysis. Results/Discussion. A total of 414 articles on ecotourism in Latin America were identified, with a diversity of thematic areas, including ecotourism and sustainable development; tourism, diseases, and dissemination; conservation and ecology; protected areas and marketing; and ecology and spatiotemporal analysis. The analysis revealed low collaboration between authors and the need to diversify the topics investigated in Peru. In addition, there has been an increase in the number of publications in recent years, indicating a growing interest in ecotourism research in the region. Conclusions. Scientific production in ecotourism in Latin America shows growth but with low collaboration and a need for diversification. In Peru, opportunities for improvement were identified, such as increasing research and promoting international collaboration to increase its visibility and impact.

Особенности организации экологического туризма в регионе

and Sports of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor This article considers the peculiarities of ecological tourism development in the region on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region. The relevance of this publication lies in the assessment of tourist and recreational resources and the study of the potential of the created and formed special protected natural areas of the region. The paper presents the results of the experiment on activation of ecological and cognitive activity of students aimed at the expansion of ecological tourism. The authors believe that the most active part of ecotourism is the youth. Therefore, close attention is paid to this group. Tourism development programmes are given, according to which an eclectic development of ecotourism in Nizhny Novgorod region is proposed. To improve ecotourism it is proposed to use favourable factors of ecotourism of special protected natural areas and activation of cognitive and conscious attitude to nature. This is what the activities of government agencies should be aimed at.

Strategi pemanfaatan moluska sebagai pangan lokal untuk mendukung produktivitas komoditas perikanan menunjang ekowisata dan ekonomi masyarakat di Keakwa, Timika

Keakwa village is located in the coastal mangrove forest area in East Central Mimika District with an area of 9,052.5 ha. The Keakwa mangrove forest is a mangrove forest that grows abundantly to protect coastlines and residential areas. The Mollusk Group in Keakwa has the potential as a source of protein and economic and cultural value for the community. through Lectures and Focus Group Discussion activities for the Keakwa community, activities carried out for 2 weeks in 2022. utilizing mollusks around Keakwa waters. These conditions can be developed as ecotourism potential. This service aims to understand and get to know molluscs and their use and prospects as a source of community economy in Keakwa, Timika, strategies for developing and utilizing molluscs in ecotourism development, by conducting lectures, from the results of evaluating knowledge about the benefits and potential of local resources, especially molluscs, after Community outreach is carried out to understand the benefits and potential of local resources. With the hope of supporting the development and management initiatives of the Keakwa community in the field of ecotourism development, in supporting the economy of the Keakwa community.

Exploring Research Trends in Ecotourism in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aims to examine the evolution of research, identify trends, and visualize the landscape of ecotourism research in Indonesia using bibliometric methods. A total of 472 articles were retrieved from the Scopus database accessed on February 11, 2023. These articles were analyzed using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel to map research trends and identify influential articles. The analysis reveals a significant increase in research on ecotourism in Indonesia over the past decade. Notably, several influential articles, including those featuring popular case studies within the Indonesian ecotourism context, were successfully identified. This study addresses a gap in the literature by providing insights into the trends and research opportunities in ecotourism in Indonesia. The findings are expected to be valuable for stakeholders, researchers, and practitioners in the tourism sector, particularly those involved in ecotourism development.

Local Community Participation Under Proboscis Monkey Conservation-Based Ecotourism Development in Curiak Island Area

Abstract This study was conducted to identify local participation under proboscis monkey conservation-based ecotourism development in Curiak Island Area and the relationship between their socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 20 respondents participated in the study. The data taken included respondents’ profiles and local community participation in proboscis monkey ecotourism development. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics analysis and rank Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that local community participation in proboscis monkey conservation-based ecotourism is at a medium level with an average mean score of 3.34. The correlation coefficient between age and local community participation is −0.223 with a significance value of 0.345 so that it can be said that there is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between age and local community participation and are at a very low category, the correlation coefficient value between gender and local community participation is 0.286 with a significance value of 0.221 so that it can be said that there is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between gender and community participation local and are at a low category, the correlation coefficient value between education and local community participation is 0.296 with a significance value of 0.205 so that it can be said that there is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between education and local community participation and are at a low category, and the correlation coefficient value between income and local community participation is 0.496 with a significance value of 0.026 so that it can be said that there is a real relationship (p<0.05) between income and local community participation and are at a medium category. It can be concluded that local community participation in proboscis monkey conservation-based ecotourism is at a medium level. The socio-demographic characteristic that has a real relationship with local community participation is monthly income. Socio-demographic characteristics that have no significant relationship with local community participation are age, education, and educational background.

Determinants of community participation in ecotourism programs in Bali, Indonesia

In the case of Indonesia, most of the tourist attractions offered and advertised are protected forests. This research seeks to find a balance between these two interests, so the purpose of this research is actually to determine the determinants of local community involvement in ecotourism development in Bali. This research uses quantitative methods described in the form of descriptive, and factor analysis according to the results of the survey with informants in the ecotourism of West Bali National Park, Buyan Tamblingan, Bali Mangrove, Batur Kintamani, and Lembongan. Eight factors determine community participation in ecotourism programs in Bali, namely: i) the role of leaders and business opportunities, ii) the factor of mindset and industry cooperation, iii) the factor of income, socialization, and commitment, iv) the factor of awareness of nature conservation, v) the factor of optimism to get money and knowledge, vi) the factor of facilities and independence, vii) the factor of training, interest, and participation, and viii) the factor of skills and funding.