E-government Development Research Articles

Do natural resources influence E-government in developing countries? Effects and transmission channels

E-government has taken a prominent place in the political and economical debate. Despite the vast non-consensual literature, on the effects of natural resources, very little is known about the effects of these resources on the development of e-government. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the effect of natural resources on the development of e-government in a panel of 121 developing countries over the period 2003–2021. Through several empirical approaches, our results show that, on average, natural resource rents negatively affect the development of e-government. Distinguishing between different types of natural resources, we note that the negative effect of natural resources on the development of e-government remains, and the magnitude is more persistent for forestry, gas and oil rents. Furthermore, the mediation analysis suggests that the negative effect of natural resources on the development of e-government is influenced by trust in institutions, the size of the informal sector, corruption, and the quality of telecommunications infrastructures.

E-Government Progress in Emerging Nations Insights from Developing Countries

E-government, which stands to benefit from ICT, offers the chance to improve public services. ICT has been successfully incorporated into several nations' governing structures, like China, South Korea. Many other nations, particularly those in the developing world, are still struggling to create stronger governance systems because they have not yet successfully incorporated ICT into their governance frameworks. This study contributes by conducting a comparative study on the Bangladesh-Indonesia’s current e-government progress. Both countries transferring to digital systems and attempting to establish an electronic government. The E-Government Development Index (EGDI) reports and rankings from the United Nations are the focus of this research. Our study's results demonstrate that, Bangladesh and Indonesia have significantly improved its ranking from 2008 to 2022. In order to facilitate e-governance and support improved online services, progress in human development, and telecommunication infrastructure, Bangladesh and Indonesia require an improve and more advance e-government model in terms of administration, facilitation, and participation.

E-Government Development on Control Corruption: A Lesson Learned from Singapore

This study aims to determine the success of e-government in controlling corruption in Singapore and the opportunities it offers in Indonesia. The research method used qualitative with a literature study. The EGDI indicators used to measure control of corruption are the “Online Service Index (OSI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and Human Capital Index (HCI)." The results showed that control of corruption in Singapore using the CPIB platform) e-complaint for corruption, e-booking for the learning journey, e-booking for public education talk, and e-application for extension of a bail bond in combating corruption. In addition, in human resources, Singapore also prioritizes aspects of competence and broad authority in controlling all aspects of bribery and artificial intelligence. In Indonesia, the control of corruption does not have a good EGDI because TII has not supported it in all government sectors, and the Corruption Agency (KPK) needs a strong AI. It needs to be improved by laws and regulations. In addition, in eradicating corruption, KPK human resources must have the competence and qualifications (meritocracy) because there are still many conflicts of interest. In terms of law, regulations in Singapore prioritize the independence of corruption eradication agencies to move without administration and investigation in all sectors. Then, the case of Indonesia demonstrates that the process of eradicating corruption cannot be carried out independently because of the administrative process involved when conducting investigations to the KPK Supervisory Board, which limits the discretion in combating corruption.

How do e-government and green technology innovation affect carbon emissions: Evidence from resource-rich countries in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The global challenges related to climate change and carbon emissions are constantly escalating. It is important to explore the factors that affect carbon emissions in countries rich in natural resources. However, the nexus among natural resources, e-government, green technology innovation, and carbon emissions has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, this study explores the impact of the above three dependent variables on carbon emissions using data from five resource-rich SCO countries spanning from 2000 to 2022. This study further controls the quality of the institution and GDP. Unlike existing studies, it introduces an innovative interaction term between e-government and green technology innovation. The cross-sectional enhanced distributed hysteresis (CS-ARDL) method was employed for the analysis. The findings indicate that natural resources and GDP positively contribute to carbon emissions, while institutional quality and the interaction between green technology innovation and e-government have a negative impact. In the short run, green technology innovation has a non-significant impact on carbon emissions, while e-government has a positive impact. However, in the long run, both green technology innovation and e-government have a negative impact on carbon emissions. These findings suggest that promoting the simultaneous development of e-government and green technology innovation can help reduce carbon emissions. The paper is of great significance for further promoting the construction of e-government. In addition, the paper is of great reference value for policymakers in launching carbon reduction policies.

Концепция электронного правительства: подходы, критерии оценки, перспективы

The article is devoted to one of the key global trends of the XXI century – electronic government – an urgent and important topic for modern science and practice. Due to the ever-growing number of Internet users and the global growth of online usage, this technological form of management has been practically indispensable in recent years: All over the world, public authorities and administrations are creating online representative offices, launching digital services and processes of digital transformation of every-day life. The presented study examines the concept of e-government, the history of its origin, reveals its essence, presents various author's approaches and formulations to the interpretation of its concept. The analytical part analyzes modern criteria for the international assessment of the level of e-government development based on the UN rating for 193 countries around the world. This scientific work also presents the stages of formation and promising directions for the development of e-government in the Russian Federation.

EVOLUTION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN: FROM FORMATION TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION (2004-2022)

The article is dedicated to analyzing the development of e-government in Kazakhstan from 2004 to 2022. The study examines key stages and achievements in the digitalization of public administration, from the initial steps of creating basic infrastructure to comprehensive digital transformation. Special attention is given to the analysis of government programs and initiatives aimed at improving the quality of services provided, enhancing transparency, and increasing the efficiency of government agencies. The study's findings highlight significant progress in Kazakhstan's digitalization of public administration and demonstrate a successful evolution from the initial stages to a mature and integrated system of digital services. The results of the article can be useful for further improving e-government and developing new digital transformation strategies.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-FOOD SPHERE

The agro-food sphere is one of the key industries in the country's economy and plays a major role in ensuring food security. The development of the agro-food sphere requires the development and implementation of innovative projects in this field. The creation and implementation of such innovative projects require the availability of information support, which includes complete and up-to-date information about the objects and processes related to the project. It has been proven that the innovative development of the agro-food sphere is closely related to the digitalization process in this field. It is noted that digitalization in the management of agriculture and the agro-food sphere opens up new opportunities for increasing the efficiency, transparency, and sustainability of this industry. The main directions of implementing digitalization in the agro-food sphere have been studied, including the creation of electronic registers and databases, and the development of decision support systems. The integration of e-government services in the agro-food sphere offers significant opportunities for improving the efficiency of public administration, enhancing service delivery, improving interaction between public authorities and agricultural market entities, and ensuring sustainable agricultural development. The author has developed a methodology for the integral assessment of the level of e-government development in the country. The integral assessment is based on initial indicators, including those defined by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The method of the modified principal component was used to determine the weighting coefficients of these indicators in the integral assessment. Integral assessments of the components of the agro-food sphere have been determined: the food industry, retail trade in food products, and indicators related to the protection and preservation of the environment associated with the agro-food sphere. A significant correlation has been found between these integral assessments and the integral assessment of digitalization

AUDIT DAN ANALISIS WEBSITE PEMERINTAH MENGGUNAKAN PENGUJIAN PENETRASI SQL INJECTION DAN CROSS SITE SCRIPTING (XSS)

This study aims to analyze the security of government websites, focusing on vulnerabilities caused by SQL Injection and Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. In accordance with Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 on National Policy and Strategy for E-Government Development, government agencies are required to provide digital services through official websites. However, this increase in digitalization presents challenges in the context of cybersecurity. The research applies penetration testing methods to several government websites in East Java, using the OWASP Top 10 as the primary guide. The results reveal that many government websites are vulnerable to SQL Injection and XSS attacks, which could lead to data theft and information manipulation. Recommendations for enhancing security include implementing input validation techniques and regularly updating software. This research contributes to raising cybersecurity awareness in the governmental sector.

Predicting the acceptance of e-government: a systematic review

PurposeThis study uses a systematic review to explore the potential causes of previous findings related to e-government acceptance research. By identifying the most frequently used, best, promising or worst factors that affect the acceptance of e-government, this research presents a research agenda for e-government researchers.Design/methodology/approachThrough conducting a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) procedure, this research first selected 109 papers. Subsequently, this research analyzed the predictors and linkages of e-government acceptance by adopting a weight-analysis method proposed by Jeyaraj et al. (2006).FindingsThe results first revealed the five most frequently used predictors and five best predictors of e-government acceptance at a comprehensive level. Furthermore, this study summarized the best predictors affecting the acceptance of e-government from the perspectives of adopter types and e-government stages. The results also illustrated the promising and the worst predictors influencing e-government acceptance.Originality/valueThe contribution of this research is twofold. First, this study identified the linkages between e-government acceptance at the individual and organizational levels and between different e-government development stages. Second, this research provided a research direction that could offer useful insights for future e-government studies.

EGDI Impact on Control Corruption in Africa: Exploring E-Government Development Index

This study explores the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and its role in combating corruption in Africa. The main aim is to analyze how EGDI impacts corruption control strategies across African nations. This research is academically and practically important as it examines the intersection of e-government and corruption mitigation, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. Using a systematic analysis of Scopus articles, the study reveals that advancements in e-government, measured by EGDI, enhance transparency and efficiency in public administration. The findings indicate that a well-implemented e-government infrastructure, reflected in a higher EGDI, positively influences anti-corruption efforts and governance practices across diverse African contexts. The study concludes that EGDI is crucial in shaping governance frameworks and fostering accountability. This research fills gaps in the literature by illuminating the nuanced relationship between EGDI metrics and corruption mitigation. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders engaged in governance and development initiatives, highlighting the role of e-government in promoting sustainable development across Africa.

The contingent role of state capacity on the impact of e-government on environmental sustainability in developing countries

E-government is a prominent approach in environmental sustainability as it brings various arrangements that allow for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The article explores two main objectives. Firstly, the direct impact of e-government on ecological sustainability and secondly, whether e-government enhances environmental sustainability indirectly by improving state capacity. By understanding this nexus, we believe that states in LDCs will seek to explore the maximum potential benefits of ICTs in government operations to establish a more responsive, open, and people-oriented government. The paper utilizes a balanced macro-panel sample of 45 United Nations classified least developed countries from 2003 to 2022. To ensure the reliability of empirical findings, three econometric methods—system generalized methods of moments (GMM), instrumental variable GMM (IV-GMM), and bootstrap ordinary least squares (BOLS) are employed. The results of the entire sample model reveal several key findings. These findings are that e-government development has a direct and positive impact on environmental sustainability, secondly state capacity negatively influences ecological sustainability, and lastly e-government development indirectly affects environmental sustainability by enhancing state capacity. Additionally, intriguing sub-sample findings for least developed countries in Africa and Asia are observed, with notable lessons from the latter, where environmental performance is improving at the expense of a high volume of carbon emissions. However, these overall findings underscore the importance of considering how governments can address environmental sustainability requirements by managing e-government programs and enacting responsible ICT-enabled transformations.

The impact of e-governance on shortening the public service delivery terms

The impact issue and development of e-governance on shortening the terms of public service provision is urgent for ensuring the efficiency of government agencies. The public service delivery terms affect the effectiveness of the state's public policy and is directly related to citizen engagement in digital e-governance. The article aims to determine the effectiveness of e-governance and calculate the relationship with the terms of public service delivery by using correlation analysis. The article analyses the impact of e-governance on reducing the public service delivery terms among a sample of developed countries that have the highest level of digital public administration. The research employed a correlation analysis method between the E-government Development Index and the average term of providing various public services in the ten most developed countries in the field of e-government. The main principles of the formation and development of e-governance are described, and the efficiency of which, according to the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), is 0.95 and 0.97 in developed countries. The main empirical aspects of the proportionality between e-governance and a 25% reduction in public service delivery terms were studied, which is a positive result. The obtained results were interpreted, where a correlation analysis was performed with a resulting inclination of 2.03, which indicates a close relationship between electronic services and the citizen engagement. Further prospects for the development of e-governance are outlined with the aim of reducing bureaucratic processes and potential opportunities to shorten public service delivery terms through the use of digital technologies.

Inhibiting Factors The E-Government Development in Indonesia from 2010-2020: A Systemic Review

This research aims to determine the factors inhibiting the development of e-government in Indonesia because Indonesia is one of the countries that has the potential to develop e-government well. However, in practice, the Indonesian government still often experiences problems in developing e-government. To find out the factors inhibiting e-government development in Indonesia, the author conducted a literature review of various research articles on e-government development in Indonesia from 2010 to 2020. We reviewed English language articles published in reputable international journals indexed by Scopus at least Q3, and procedia with Hi-Index value above 50. These articles were obtained from Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholars. The author found 40 articles that were relevant to the data need and made a mapping. The research results found seventeen factor inhibiting the development of e-government in Indonesia, these factors are technical and non-technical.

Smart development in the making: Links between commuting, digital technologies and the demand for e-government applications in Hungary

Although various actors have examined the user acceptance of e-government developments, less attention has so far devoted to the relationship between attitudes of certain commuter groups against digital technologies and their intention to engage in productive time-use by mobile devices. This paper aims to fill this gap by establishing an overall framework which focuses on Hungarian commuters’ attitudes toward e-government applications as well as their possible demands of developing them. Relying on a representative questionnaire survey conducted in Hungary in March and April 2020, the data were examined by a machine learning and correlations to identify the factors, attitudes and demands that influence the use of mobile devices during frequent commuting. The paper argues that the regularity of commuting in rural areas, as well as the higher levels of qualification and employment status in cities show a more positive, technophile attitude to new ICT and mobile technologies that strengthen the demands for digital development, with special regard to optimising e-government applications for certain types of commuting groups. One of the main limitations of this study is that results suggest a picture of the commuters in a narrow timeframe. The findings suggest that developing e-government applications is necessary and desirable from both of the supply and demand sides. Based on prior scholarly knowledge, no research has ever analysed these correlations in Hungary where commuters are among the European citizens who spend extensive time with commuting.

Analisis Pelaksanaan Elektronik Government Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Yang Baik (Good Governance)

In the current era of digitalization and modernization, the development of information technology (IT), especially computer technology and internet networks is increasingly rapid, one way that can be used by the government to realize good governance. Based on the Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2003 concerning National Policy and Strategy for the Development of E-Government and also the Regional Regulation of the Province of West Nusa Tenggara Number 3 of 2018 concerning Electronic System-Based Government Governance, government agencies should implement electronic-based government services and administration. The purpose of the study was to determine how the implementation of electronic government is as an effort to realize good governance in the Social Service of West Nusa Tenggara Province, and to determine what factors influence the implementation of electronic government as an effort to realize good governance in the Social Service of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The type of research used is a qualitative descriptive research type. Based on the results of the study and discussion, it can be concluded that: (1). Of the three forms of implementation of the theory of electronic government implementation forms according to Indirajit, namely publish, interact and transact, only 2 forms are applied, namely publish and interact, while the third form, namely the transact form, is not applied by the NTB social service.

Exploring E-Government Development Index as an Indicator of Sustainability in the Gulf Region

The primary aim of this article is to assess the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) of Arab Gulf countries, and it elucidates the key obstacles impeding the progress of the Gulf countries in the e-government sector. The EGDI data for the Gulf countries have been obtained from the United Nations, and an online business intelligence tool has been utilized for visualization purposes to facilitate comprehension. The levels of indicators within EGDI have been examined upon effectively retrieving data and presenting it appropriately. The article discusses the key areas of improvement that require governments’ attention in the Gulf countries to enhance their EGDI score. This can be leveraged to advance to global standards, offering their citizens optimal governance. Countries in the Gulf region must recognize that the e-government effort encompasses more than simply the transformation of governance and the provision of high-quality services. Instead, it entails aligning with global trends and effectively competing with other nations regarding developmental advancements. Countries must adhere to prevailing e-government trends to ensure alignment with global standards and expedite national advancement.

E-Government Development in West African Countries: A Two Decade Review

E-Government Development in West African Countries: A Two Decade Review

Linking e-government development and quality of governance to trust in government: evidence from OECD member countries

PurposeThe association between e-government and trust in government has been extensively examined, even though empirical works have returned conflicting conclusions about this association. This study aims to revisit the relationship between e-government and trust in government using macrolevel data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. It also addresses whether or not e-government should contribute to the quality of governance to improve trust in government.Design/methodology/approachArchival data from 36 OECD members over five years (2012–2015) were used to achieve the study objectives.FindingsResults indicate that e-government does not directly affect trust in government, although there is an indirect association.Originality/valueThis implies that e-government systems will not significantly impact trust in government unless they contribute to the quality of governance that offers a basis for granting trust in government. Accordingly, value creation, including trust, should be considered during the design of e-government systems to achieve the desired outcomes.

Digital public services: Catalysts for healthcare efficiency

Healthcare systems pose a continuous concern and challenge for countries worldwide. Effective governance plays a pivotal role in managing these systems, ensuring the well-being of current and future generations. In this context, digital transformation emerges as a key catalyst for change. E-government, with its potential to foster integrated policies and public services, holds the promise of driving healthcare transformation and improving healthcare delivery efficiency. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of e-government on healthcare transformation within the context of 27 European Union (EU) countries over the period from 2011 to 2022. Leveraging a Tobit model, the results showed that the development of e-government is a positive determinant for a country's ability to achieve transformative changes in its healthcare system. The findings of this study underscore the pivotal role of digital public services in reshaping healthcare systems and advancing the delivery of healthcare services. As nations strive to meet the evolving needs of their populations and enhance the sustainability of healthcare, e-government emerges as a powerful enabler of change. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of e-government in healthcare systems, promoting the efficient, effective, and equitable delivery of healthcare services. It provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing digital transformation to drive healthcare improvements, ultimately benefiting both present and future generations.

E-government, anticorruption, and citizens’ use of personal connections: evidence from Chinese municipalities

Why do citizens prefer to utilize personal connections (e.g. guanxi) with government officials to access public services? Conventional wisdom suggests that improvements in formal institutions can reduce the popularity of informal behaviors; however, limited research has explored the relevant roles of e-government and anticorruption endeavors. Thus, based on survey data from 30 Chinese municipalities and multilevel regression designs, this study shows that citizens in cities with higher e-government development levels or who perceive governments’ anticorruption efforts to be effective are less likely to perform guanxi practices. The negative effect of e-government is also more salient among individuals with political connections. Therefore, this study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the relationship between formal institutions and guanxi practices by revealing the specific ways in which e-government development and anticorruption efforts lessen individuals’ reliance on guanxi.