Development Of Domestic Industry Research Articles

Современное состояние и развитие кластеров в российской промышленности

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of clusters, which are one of the most priority directions of the domestic industry development. The author substantiates the relevance of creating clusters in the Russian industry. The existing definitions of the term “cluster” offered in the existing scientific studies are investigated. The author analyzes the results of three cluster structures that unite high-tech industrial enterprises.

The Russian Federation’s Response Strategy to Anti-Russian Western Sanctions as an Element of State Political Positioning

The article analyzes the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the image and perception of the Russian Federation in the global political landscape. The consequences of sanctions on Russia’s current image and the potential long-term impact on its international reputation are considered. The imposition of sanctions is viewed as a step that has far-reaching consequences for Russia’s perception on the world stage, but so far it has had a limited practical effect. The measures taken by Russia in response to the sanctions pressure are considered, they are the search for alternative trading partners outside the Western world, investment in import substitution and the development of domestic industry. The effects of sanctions on the Russian economy are analyzed, the latter due to these measures has turned out to be in general more stable than it was expected by Western countries. Special attention is paid to the new opportunities for international cooperation that have opened up for Russia after the imposition of sanctions. The strengthened partnership relations of the Russian Federation with a number of non-Western countries that share Russia’s positions on key geopolitical issues are considered. The potential of these new ties for strengthening Russia’s international position and its role in shaping the new world order is analyzed.

Промышленная политика и инновационный процесс в современной российской экономике

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between effective industrial policy and the innovation process in the modern economic system. The industrial policy determines the specifics of the industries development, the competitiveness of individual industrial enterprises and is based on a set of economic policies implemented by the state; however, it also has its own features. Innovation and investment processes are the basis of effective industrial policy. The purpose of the study is to consider various approaches to determining the interdependence of effective industrial policy and the innovation process of foreign and Russian scientists, as well as to analyze the factors and conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the state industrial policy implementation. As part of the analysis of factors and conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the state’s industrial policy, the article assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the industrial policy implementation and its impact on the state’s to form and regulate the innovation process. The author uses methods of scientific analysis and synthesis. The positive and negative features of the industrial policy implementation in modern Russian economy in the context of globalization are identified, the underestimation of the business sector’s role in the innovation process implementation is revealed. The factors that reduce the effectiveness of the industrial policy innovative model implementation due to the inconsistency of the tools and methods are identified. The conditions for ensuring the long-term economic development effectiveness are revealed. Modern industrial policy requires consideration of the factors influencing its efficiency, as well as the specifics of the investment and innovation process implementation in the national economy’s industrial development in the context of globalization. The improvement of the existing scientific research and education systems will ensure the long-term advanced development of domestic industry, provide an opportunity to develop import substitution and occupy new niches in the global economic system. Industrial policy is determined by the peculiarities of the innovation process implementation in the economic system. An innovative model of industrial policy implementation can ensure the long-term development of the national economic system and increase its competitiveness.

Vocational Education Agglomeration Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Spatial Dubin Model

Abstract Based on the spatial Dubin model, this paper theoretically discusses the influence of collaborative innovation on regional economic growth. The paper studies the industrial structure of enterprises by using the spatial Dubin method established by different regions and social and economic factors. It is found that collaborative innovation has a spillover effect on domestic industrial development both internally and externally. The regional migration of creative elements within the region mainly causes space overflow. And it has the characteristics of regional decline. This conclusion has specific guiding significance to the mechanism of enterprise collaborative innovation. This mode plays a positive role in promoting benign exchanges between regions and realizing industrial development and upgrading.

Main directions of the implementation of import substitution strategy in the industry of the Samara region

The economic war, the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine, the aggravation of the negative geopolitical situation and total sanctions against Russia are currently the reasons for the preservation and development of state sovereignty, the organization and improvement of state policy in the field of import substitution. In addition to this, a complete ban on the supply of high-tech imported products, the withdrawal of foreign enterprises from the Russian market, created an unstable economic situation in the domestic markets of the country, in terms of substitution of imported products, the reorientation of the domestic economy to the markets of China and Southeast Asia. Under these conditions, under the influence of unfavorable large-scale factors from unfriendly countries, the role of the state in organizing the import substitution strategy in the industrial sector of Russia is expressed imperatively and represents the main factor guaranteeing the growth and development of national security of the economy. Assessing the scale of the negative consequences of sanctions and economic war, Russia has formed a new economic model for the functioning and development of domestic industry, based on an import substitution strategy and a state program to preserve sovereignty and replace imported analogues of products with domestic ones. The article reflects the main directions of the implementation of the import substitution strategy in the industrial complex of the Samara region, reveals the role of import substitution in the development of the internal market of the region and increasing, on this basis, the economic security of the Russian economy as a whole. A form of import substitution is proposed as a structural transformation of the industrial complex of the Samara region, consisting in diversification, activation of its innovative potential for the formation of competitive manufacturing enterprises and innovative development of the real sector of the regional economy. The necessity of implementing the state industrial policy of diversification aimed at increasing the production of domestic products on the basis of existing industrial enterprises is substantiated. The issues of production of domestic products and their testing on domestic markets are presented, the directions of ensuring the independence of the state from imported products and priority areas of import substitution policy are proposed.

Efektivitas Penerapan Kebijakan Subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak

Fuel oil subsidies are the main alternative for governments in developing countries, especially fuel-exporting countries, to strengthen domestic industrial development. Through this subsidy policy, fuel oil can be accessed by the wider community at a relatively low price and can encourage various businesses. However, the implementation of this subsidy policy leads problems in the distribution of welfare. This study aims to demonstrate the negative effects of the fuel subsidy policy using qualitative methods. The fuel subsidy policy must be reviewed because it is not on target to help the poor, hoarding fuel stocks, scarcity of fuel stocks in the domestic market and unstable fuel prices in the country which ultimately disrupt various business activities.

Import substitution in modern conditions: priority directions and implementation problems

This article focuses on the concept of import substitution, which involves the replacement of imported goods and services with domestic alternatives. In the context of economic trends such as increasing prices for imported goods, difficulties with their supply, and the need to strengthen national economies, import substitution has become a relevant topic in many countries, including Russia. The article presents an author's definition of import substitution, as well as key directions, problems, and prospects of import substitution in modern conditions. Additionally, the article provides an algorithm for effective import substitution in Russian companies. The key concepts discussed in the article include the importance of domestic production and the development of domestic industries, as well as the challenges associated with implementing import substitution policies. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into the concept of import substitution and its potential role in strengthening national economies. The information presented in this article may be particularly useful for policymakers, economists, and business leaders who are interested in developing effective strategies for import substitution in their respective countries or industries.

Some Conceptual Proposals of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Regarding the Support and Development of Domestic Industry During Martial Law and Post-War Neo-Industrial Modernization

Specific proposals are presented to support and development of the energy system, engineering, metallurgical and chemical industries, as well as the possibilities of preserving, attracting and using personnel potential in all branches of domestic industry to meet the primary needs of the state during martial law. The presentation and substantiation of the proposals regarding the machine-building, metallurgical, chemical, light industries, and the energy system were based on the following logic: a description of the problems that need to be solved by industry; measure (mechanism) to support national production, aimed at solving the proposed problem; regulatory and legislative acts, strategic (program) documents that require adoption (amendment) for the implementation of the measure and resolution of the problematic issue; approximate expected effect for meeting the state’s primary needs in the conditions of martial law.

Research on Centrifugal Blower Design and Optimization Method Based on Mean Camber Line Optimization and CFD

In recent years, with the development of domestic industry and the progress of production technology, the centrifugal blower, as a piece of nuclear equipment in the industry, needs to be upgraded and optimized to improve its performance. Thus, based on the mean camber line optimization and CFD, this paper carries out the design and aerodynamic optimization for a centrifugal blower, and a corresponding 3D aerodynamic optimization platform is built. Then the effects the mean camber lines have on the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal blower are further analyzed. The results show that the stall margin and efficiency of the centrifugal blower are improved, going up to nearly 8.5% and 1.5%, respectively, after the optimization, while the total pressure ratio basically remains unchanged. The optimized mean camber lines can control the Mach number and restrain the separating flow more effectively, which contributes to improving the carrying capacity of the blower and verifies the advancement of the optimized platform. This provides a novel method for the design and optimization of centrifugal blowers.

Policy mixes and policy feedback: Implications for green industrial growth in the Swedish biofuels industry

Policymakers have increasingly voiced an ambition to combine the transition to a climate-neutral society with a “green” domestic industrial agenda. In recent years, innovation systems scholars have advanced the understanding of the evolution of industries around renewable energy technologies as well as the role of policy feedback (and indeed politics) surrounding the development of domestic green industrial development policies. To take a step towards combining these literature streams, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of policy mixes and policy feedback in the emergence of domestic green industries. This is achieved in the empirical case of biofuels in Sweden, and the findings show that policy feedback dynamics created difficulties in aligning the national policy mix with the technology and industrial developments in the country. The resulting political uncertainty predominantly hampered the scaling up of domestic production capacity, while R&D and import of biofuels instead could grow strong. Based on this empirical case, a process model is developed to explain the role of policy feedback in the development of domestic industries, thus demonstrating how the growth of domestic industries is driven by the interplay of policy effects and various feedback processes. The findings suggest that future research into the role of policies in “green” domestic industry growth should devote more attention to the dynamics driving the co-evolution of policy, technology and industry structures.

Sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock and new industrial policy

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock.Tasks. The authors describe the manifestations and causes of the 2022 macroeconomic shock; assess the impact of the macroeconomic shock on the current level of industrial production in Russia; develop recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of domestic industry based on the implementation of a new industrial policy.Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, generalization, scenario and situational forecasting, and expert assessment.Results. The turbulence of economic processes both in Russia and globally has increased dramatically since the end of February 2022. This gave rise to a situation that can be described as a macroeconomic shock, i.e. a significant and transient change in one or more macroeconomic parameters, disturbing the economy's equilibrium and causing a transition to a new quasi-equilibrium state. At the first stage, the macroeconomic shock caused a decline in industrial output. At the second stage, the decline was genereally stopped, but industrial restructuring was initiated, negatively affecting critical and technologically complex production. The analysis of available data clearly indicates a correlation between the magnitude of production decline in certain industrial sectors and the level of their import dependence. At the same time, the potential of traditional import substitution has largely been exhausted. Therefore, the authors propose a model of a new industrial policy for implementation. Its essence is that the state should organize the production of competitive industrial products rather than ensure it. This is a radical paradigm shift. The expressed conceptual idea will require further in-depth study in case it is adopted. The authors believe that this will happen shortly, and the scientific community will join the constructive discussion and elaboration of the ideas presented in the article.Conclusions. The modern Russian economy in general and industry in particular is developing in the context of a macroeconomic shock caused by the sanctions of the collective West. The production decline caused by the shock is gradually diminishing. However, there is a negative industrial restructuring caused by high import dependence of some industries. To remedy the situation, the idea of a new industrial policy based on a more active role of the state in the economy is proposed.

The impact of market integration on the quality of export products: A study based on manufacturing enterprises

Since the reform and opening up, China's economic level has been continuously improved, and the manufacturing industry, as one of the three major industries, has also achieved rapid development. Since joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's foreign trade has also maintained rapid growth for many years. However, in recent years, China's manufacturing industry has been facing the problem of large but not strong. China's foreign trade also urgently needs to solve the problem of large volume but insufficient competitiveness. The covid-19 trade friction has been escalating, the globalization of globalization and the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia have affected the development of the global economy to varying degrees, and the uncertainty of the international environment has increased. Since 2020, China has proposed to gradually form a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, so as to cultivate China's new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition under the new situation. In such a severe environment, to implement the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, realize the high-quality development of domestic industry and foreign trade, promote market integration and improve the quality of export products is the only way to improve China's comprehensive strength. Based on this, this paper explores the impact of market integration on the quality of export products and analyzes the impact channels from the enterprise level, and calculates the level of market integration and the quality index of export products by using China Statistical Yearbook, China industrial enterprise database and China customs database. Based on the existing literature, this paper puts forward the following hypotheses: Based on manufacturing enterprises, (1) there is a nonlinear relationship between market integration and export product quality, which is first enhanced and then inhibited, showing an inverted "U" shape. (2) Market integration will improve the quality of export products by promoting human capital. (3) Market integration will affect the improvement of export product quality by promoting scientific research investment. (4) The impact of market integration on the quality of manufacturing export products is significant in non-state-owned enterprises. (5) the impact of market integration on the quality of manufacturing export products is more significant in eastern and western cities. In order to comprehensively test the impact of the above-mentioned manufacturing industry on the quality of China's manufacturing industry, this paper selects 4596 domestic manufacturing enterprises' benchmark and regression data in 2014, and makes an in-depth analysis of the impact of the above-mentioned manufacturing industry on the quality of China's manufacturing industry, In order to provide some theoretical support for improving the quality of China's export products through market integration.

ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ВЗГЛЯДЫ СМАГУЛА САДУАКАСОВА

Smagul Saduakasov is an outstanding statesman of Kazakhstan in the period of 1920-1930s, who made a significant theoretical contribution to the development of the Kazakh socio-political thought of the twentieth century. S. Saduakasov in his works, in fact, was one of the first to formulate the national interests of the Kazakh people and the whole of Kazakhstan, outlined those key priorities of socio-economic and cultural development, in accordance with which the Kazakh people and the state of Kazakhstan should develop. Itwas S. Saduakasov who officially spoke out in the public press against maintaining the economic status of Kazakhstan as a “raw material appendage” of the industrialized regions of the European part of the USSR, proposing to develop local Kazakh industry based on a rich resource base. In addition, S. Sadvokasov paid special attention to the training of professional technical and humanitarian specialists from among the Kazakh youth, which, together with the development of domestic industry, was supposed tolead the people and the country to the path of building a modern state.

Governing Cross-Border Data Flows: International Trade Agreements and Their Limits

In modern international competition and cooperation, digital trade rules centered on the cross-border flow of data have become a competitive advantage for countries. Under the guidance of commercial freedom, the United States chooses to actively promote the free flow of data across borders. The European Union has placed the protection of personal data rights before the cross-border flow of data through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and developing countries generally reserve space for industry policy interpretation. As one of the world’s largest economies, facing the needs of domestic industrial development and the pressure of international systems, China’s cross-border data flows’ policy is to ensure data flows under the premise of security, protection of personal information, seek international coordination of rules, and the freedom of transmission. The key question, therefore, is how to facilitate interoperability or find a middle ground among the divergent approaches in order to avoid the fragmentation of the digital trade system. The article suggests that a thin and narrowly scoped WTO agreement on e-commerce rules on cross-border data flows with sufficient policy space to accommodate different needs, policy preferences and priorities, and local contexts via legitimate exception provisions would be a welcome movement.

Effect of Trade Openness and Real Exchange Rate on Economic Growth in Tanzania

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of trade openness and real exchange rate on economic growth in Tanzania. Secondary time series data collected annually for consecutive 47 years since 1970 to 2016 were analyzed. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to assess the long-run and short-run effects of trade openness, real exchange rate, and foreign direct investment on Real Gross Domestic Product. The results from analysis reveal the evidence on one hand that trade openness has a positive significant effect on economic growth in both the short and long-run, but real exchange rate and foreign direct investment have a positive significant effect in the long run on the other. As it was estimated that with trade openness more trade is developed in terms of exports and imports which in turn boosts the economy. The study recommends that, there is the need for country to support the domestic industrial development to produce more goods and services.

Deconstructing Glass and Building up Shards at the Early Royal Society

In 1662, the physician Christopher Merret presented his fellow members of the Royal Society with an English translation of Antonio Neri's “L'arte vetraria” (The art of glass, 1612). Central to the preparation and receipt of this book was a cache of objects relevant to glassmaking, now lost or dispersed. These materia vitraria served as a tangible appendix to Merret's written commentary. They also reified the society's interest in the development of domestic industry by offering a direct means by which fellows could appreciate the raw materials of contemporary glassmaking alongside evidence of the trade's longer history in the British Isles.

Firms and Labor in Times of Violence: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War

I study how industrial development and employment in an emerging economy are affected by urban violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich longitudinal plant-level data covering all of Mexico from 2005–2010, and exploiting plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variation in homicide rates during the outbreak of drug-trade related violence in Mexico, commonly referred to as the Mexican Drug War, I show that a violent environment has a significant negative impact on manufacturing plants’ output, product scope, employment, and capacity utilization. The impact is very heterogeneous among plants. Studying within and cross-plant heterogeneity points to two underlying channels through which the Drug War affects firms: violence induced reduction in local demand and violence induced drop in labor supply participation. The output sensitivity of plants to a violent conflict increases in less diversified, locally selling and sourcing plants. The employment sensitivity increases with lower wages and a higher share of unskilled female workers. The results show both channels co-exist, and by reallocating resources from smaller, local, and female-intensive plants toward bigger and more diversified ones, the rise of drug violence has significant distortive effects on domestic industrial development in Mexico.

Problems and prospects for the development of the Crimean shipbuilding industry for the Russian economy

Shipbuilding is one of the key industries both for the Crimean Peninsula, in particular, and for the Russian Federation, and is the most important structural component of the economy, since it involves enterprises of other industries in the economic turnover. The development of the shipbuilding economy for Russia is of strategic importance, since the industry not only makes it possible to generate export deliveries of high-quality and competitive products, thereby generating new cash flows to the state economy, but also has synergy with related industries, providing jobs for specialized specialists from other industries industry. Significant restrictions on the import of technology and equipment, as well as the policy of import substitution, which has been adopted in Russia since 2014, have become a certain incentive for the development of domestic industry, and, accordingly, its economy. Nevertheless, today it cannot be argued that the Russian industry has fully adapted to the conditions formed by the geopolitical situation, and its economy is efficient. The Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, which became part of Russia in the spring of 2014, are in the active stage of integration into the economy of our state. Industry, as one of the key drivers of regional development, is extremely important for the dynamic development of the region's economy. Taking into account the specifics of the geographical location of the Crimean Peninsula, shipbuilding has historically been its key sector of the economy. The sanctions regime, under which the Russian economy has been developing since 2014, imposes a number of restrictions on the Crimean industry, which to a certain extent slows down economic development. Taking into account the current external economic and geopolitical circumstances, the authors present the results of a study of the problems and prospects for the economic development of the Crimean shipbuilding industry, and consider the example of the More shipbuilding plant. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion and recommendation for the further development of the shipbuilding economy were formulated.

От экономики сопротивления — к резильентной экономике (на примере промышленного региона)

The dramatic changes in today’s global world have led to the emergence of a new concept — BANIworld (brittle, anxious, non-linear, incomprehensible). Resilience of economic systems and their most important sectors have become a major research focus. In Russia, industry is an important sector, which has suffered a considerable damage due to the sanctions pressure, disrupting established trade ties, imports of high-tech products, and Russian companies’ participation in global value chains. This study aims to identify opportunities for the development of domestic industry, primarily its regional complexes, in the new reality. These conditions are associated with the development of a resistance economy in Russia, which is a task pivotal to national security. Conceptually, this study is based on the classical theories of sustainable and long-term technical and economic development, research on economic resilience, industry and digital economy. The authors use methods of statistical, structural, and comparative analysis. The study focuses on the case of the Ural Federal District and its economy, showing the increasingly important role played by R&D and digitalization in this region. The digital transformation and technological advancement in general will contribute to this region’s economic development as well as to the country’s technological sovereignty.

Multipolarity of the world trade: challenges and "corridor of opportunities" for Ukraine

The paper discusses trends of the world trade development towards multipolarity that is caused by the increasing impact of “newly emerged” leaders, in particular China, and weakening of the domination of “traditional” transatlantic leaders. The development of multipolarity in the world trade is supported by the processes of trade regionalization, especially by signing of megaregional trade agreements on the base of the current balance of power in the world trade. The details of the regional trade agreements concluded by the world trade leaders – USA, EU and China are described. The academic discussion on the role of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) leads to the conclusions that creation of RCEP will induce the creation of a new world trade pole in Asia and the Pacific region during the next decades, where China will play a leading role. The future of the World Trade Organization and the WTO fundamental principle of multilateral trade relations is the most controversial issue in connection with the development of multipolarity of the world trade. Challenges that were faced by the WTO due to trade digitalization, COVID-19 pandemic and climate changes are analyzed, alongside with sources and causes of the WTO crisis. The spreading of economic patriotism (nationalism) trend that manifests itself in trade as a policy of protectionism is discussed in the context of the transition to multipolarity in the world trade . The development of multipolarity in the world trade is followed by the processes that must be considered in the shaping of Ukrainian trade policy. The ability of Ukraine to get its “space for maneuver”, which will allow to increase the country’s economic potential in the framework of the new world trade configuration, depends upon this country’s trade policy that is grounded on the analysis of risks and opportunities in the trade relations with “major players” in the world trade. Development of the trade with China creates significant risks of the increasing of raw materials orientation of export and strengthening dependence on the import of industrial goods from China. Vital risks also follow signing of the credit and investment agreements with China. Chinese investment in agriculture and food industry are the riskiest as they use natural potential of the recipient countries and Chinese technologies to diversify the sources of the food import to China. The shaping of the Ukrainian trade policy with the EU countries in the medium term will be influenced by latter’s new trade policy of Open Strategic Autonomy. The main challenge is created by the EU plans to implement the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which provides for the import tax on the import of the electricity, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, and products from steel and iron. The opportunities, created by the new EU trade policy for Ukraine have emerged due to the EU’s declared support to the countries of the Eastern Partnership that have DCFTA with EU, including green and digital transition. The principle of “autonomy” in the new EU trade policy emphasizes the EU’s ability to make its own choices, reflecting its strategic interests, which has features of the policy of economic nationalism and protectionism and will create a “corridor of opportunities” for pursuing protection measures for the development of domestic industries.