Development Of Digital Literacy Research Articles

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Educational Leadership: Assessing Digital Burnout and Mental Health in Virtual Teaching

This paper explores the role of digital transformation in altering the effects of educator burnout and mental wellbeing by affecting virtual teachers. The increased use of digital technologies in educational institutions has introduced educators with dual content management and technological platform duties that have led to levels of stress among educators. The research methods applied were quantitative, incorporating data that was sourced from 385 teachers. Various educational levels were included: the relationship between digital workload, digital literacy, support administration offered, and psychological indicators of mental health. The findings of this research revealed very highly positive correlations between digital workload and burnout (r = 0.62) and between burnout and mental health, notably anxiety and depression (r = 0.60 and r = 0.65 respectively). Indeed, the study found that increased digital literacy and administration support showed a positive relationship with reduced burnout. Results raise an enormous need for educational leaders to take strategic interventions through the enhancements of support systems, the development of digital literacy, and other resources related to mental health to counter some of the complexities of teaching related to the point of digital teaching. With such strength at its findings, there are indeed still limitations to this study, among which it relied on the self-reported data and the cross-sectional designs where it could not make way for causal inference. Future research should focus on long-term effects of digital transformation for educators' mental health as well as the potency of interventions to prevent burnout in digital educational settings. Findings from this study have implications for policymakers and education institutions looking to develop environments that promote educator wellbeing in the context of digital transformation.

Formation of personal and meta-subject results in the context of the development of reading and digital literacy in 7th grade at informatics lessons using case technology

Formation of personal and meta-subject results in the context of the development of reading and digital literacy in 7th grade at informatics lessons using case technology

Development of Literacy and Digital Learning on Students' Learning Motivation at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Sukabumi

This article aims to determine the development of literacy and digital learning on student learning motivation at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Sukabumi City. This type of research uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach which focuses on collecting data and information from relevant sources using the interview method. Digital literacy is an individual's ability to use digital technology effectively in accessing, streaming, storing, producing and communicating using information online. Digital learning refers to the use of digital technology in the learning process, which involves the use of electronic devices and the internet to access and share knowledge. This article will review students' opinions regarding how the development of digital literacy and learning plays a role in increasing the accessibility, synchronization and effectiveness of learning in the current era. As well as its influence on student learning motivation. This research will also explore how increasing digital literacy and the use of digital learning can influence students' learning motivation, by considering factors such as ease of access to information, comfort in using technology, and the ability to learn more personally and appropriately. for individual needs. Thus, it is hoped that this article can provide insight into the importance of literacy and digital learning in the context of modern education, as well as how these two aspects can support increasing student learning motivation at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Sukabumi City.

Vaccine conspiracy beliefs are the main determinant of adult vaccine hesitancy

Abstract Background Many factors influence the level of vaccine hesitancy. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that conspiracy beliefs are an important element of overwhelming misinformation. The main aim of the study was to assess the relationship between vaccine hesitancy (VH) and vaccine conspiracy beliefs (VCB) in Polish society. Methods The analysis was conducted using data from an online survey of 2189 Internet users conducted in November 2021. Uni- (ULRM) and multivariable linear regression (MLRM) models were developed for vaccine hesitancy as a dependent variable. The independent variables included VCB score (VCBS), health (HL) and e-health literacy (eHL), Internet (IU) and social media use (SMU), political views (PV), and sociodemographic variables. Results The VCBS, eHL, HL, age, income, vocational and marital status, place of residence, PV, IU, and SMU were significant predictors of VH in ULRMs. A significant relationship with VH was maintained in MLRM for all independent variables enlisted earlier, apart from age, income, and vocational status. Respondents with higher VCBS were more likely to have higher VH (B, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.37-0.40). Those with undetermined HL had higher VH than persons with sufficient HL (B, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.06-0.20). A higher level of eHL predicted a lower level of VH (B, 95%CI: -0.01, -0.012 - -0.03). Lower IU and higher SMU were associated with higher VH (B, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.02-0.30, and 0.10, 0.03-0.17, respectively). Supporters of far right-wing party showed higher HV than supporters of the governmental party (B, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.07-0.27). Finally, singles showed higher HV than married (B, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.01-0.13), and residents of small cities had higher HV than residents of rural areas (B, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.004-0.15). Conclusions The vaccine conspiracy beliefs play a major role in the development of VH. The interventions aimed at the change of antivaccination attitudes should address the problem of widespread conspiracy beliefs. Key messages • Conspiracy beliefs are an important determinant of attitudes toward vaccination. • The development of adequate digital health literacy may be a protective factor against vaccine hesitancy.

5.B. Round table: Improving digital health literacy in the era of generative artificial intelligence

Abstract Improved access to generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms and technologies has prompted greater awareness of their potential application in health communication. This workshop will examine this potential alongside the practical challenges and risks of using generative AI in health communication in the broader context of the European Union AI Act. The workshop will explore the implications for the concept of digital health literacy in ways that reduce or mitigate existing digital health inequities across and within Europe. Chatbots and conversational AI platforms such as ChatGPT have opened opportunities for people to find, understand and use health information in significantly different ways. Public health professionals are already using these technologies to simplify health and medical information and to make it available in different languages. AI assisted technologies are also being used to create interactive and engaging learning experiences that provide the public with real-time feedback and insights about their health as well as prompting and reinforcing actions they can take to improve health. These developments have fundamental implications for our understanding of digital health literacy and the methods we use to support people in optimising the potential benefits of AI. Different communities in Europe vary considerably in their - access to digital technology, - skills to discriminate the accuracy and reliability of information, and - trust and responsiveness to what digital technologies have to offer. Building these fundamental digital health literacy skills is a critical priority if we are to ensure that all people benefit equitably from the potential offered by AI. Those of us engaged in improving health literacy have an important role to play in influencing the future direction of AI in health communication, including and especially by engaging in research and development activities that build evidence of effectiveness and support the development of digital health literacy skills in parallel with the expansion of access to AI-assisted digital technologies. The workshop chairs will provide introductory and summary remarks, moderate the panel discussion, and facilitate audience participation in the workshop. The individual panel members will make 3-minute introductions to key issues from different perspectives on the emerging practical applications of generative AI in health communication as well as the implications for strategies to improve digital health literacy in different population groups. The panel is made up of individuals in different roles and at different career stages who can offer complementary perspectives on these issues. Following the presentations, the co-chair will present some follow-up questions to the Panel before engaging directly with the workshop attendees for an open but structured discussion scheduled to last for 30 minutes of the Workshop. Key messages • We will examine how generative artificial intelligence has opened new both new opportunities and risks in the ways people find, understand and use health information. • We will consider how we can optimise the benefits of generative AI in a way that is equitable through the development of digital health literacy within and between communities in Europe. Speakers/panelists Catherine Jenkins London South Bank University, London, UK Diane Levin-Zamir Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Christopher Le Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Innlandet, Norway Miguel Telo de Arriaga Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal

Problems of formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core training directions

Introduction. The article substantiates the relevance and feasibility of studying the problems of formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of training. The need to find ways to effectively and efficiently manage the formation and development of digital competencies of future specialists is emphasized.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of professional training.Methodology and methods of the study. The methodological basis was an integrative approach to understanding the processes and results of the formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of professional training, conceptual provisions and principles of competency- based and personal-activity approaches. The leading research methods are theoretical analysis and synthesis of research results on the problems of formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of training, of conditions and measures to intensify and optimize the processes and results of professional education in the context of the formation and development of digital literacy of students, to highlight the conditions and measures to support the development of digital literacy of students of non-core specialties.Results. The author summarizes the results of research into the conditions and factors for the formation and development of digital literacy among university students in non-core areas of training. The importance and promise of systematic, holistic work in the context of the formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of training is noted: creating conditions and taking a system of steps to ensure the achievement of digital literacy of future specialists.Conclusion. The results of the scientific research carried out and the presented conclusions expand pedagogical knowledge about the theory and methodology of vocational training in the specific conditions of the modern educational environment: its intensive and consistent digitalization, stratification and individualization. Based on the conducted research, we can conclude that it is necessary to emphasize students’ understanding that digital competencies can help him solve and prevent a number of important problems in his life, starting with problems of professional demand and competence and ending with problems of general self-realization and self-actualization. The prospects of the study are related to the need to further search for effective and efficient models for the formation and development of digital literacy of future specialists.

Pedagogical technologies for teaching environmental engineering in the online learning system of higher education institution

The article outlines the pedagogical technologies for teaching environmental engineering in the online learning system of higher education institutions. There are proposed ways of developing educational technologies for teaching environmental engineering: active and collaborative learning, individualisation of training, use of video and audio materials, using electronic tools for evaluation of educational results, development of digital literacy, implementation of interactive online courses and professional communication and mentoring. There are presented the use of these technologies in the different aspects of environmental engineering, such as analysing water quality parameters, soil quality assessment, studying waste management practices, and studying the integration of renewable energy into the practice through virtual labs, online tests, video lectures, and collaborative projects. The proposed pedagogical technologies for teaching environmental engineering in the online learning system of higher education institutions were tested in the educational process. The Student's t-test was used for statistical calculation of the obtained experimental data. At the end of the experiment, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean values of the experimental and control groups. It can be claimed that the use of pedagogical technologies for teaching environmental engineering in the online learning system of higher education institutions is perspective.

Assessing Digital Literacy Among Young Professionals: A Research Mapping Review in the Context of Knowledge Workers

This study examines the impact of digital transformation on knowledge workers, particularly young professionals, and their use of digital tools in the workplace. It addresses a gap in the literature by exploring how digital literacy affects adaptability, productivity, and job satisfaction in dynamic environments. Unlike previous studies that focus on educational settings or older knowledge workers, this research links digital literacy to employability, knowledge sharing, and innovation among young professionals. Using bibliometric analysis, the study identifies key themes such as digital literacy, knowledge management, and professional development. The findings show that digital literacy not only enables the use of new technologies but also fosters creativity and knowledge sharing, crucial in information-driven industries. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for digital adaptation, introducing challenges like technostress and information overload, which impact well-being and decision-making. This study underscores the importance of equipping young professionals with strong digital literacy to meet the demands of knowledge workers. It calls for organizations and educational institutions to prioritize digital skills training to bridge the digital divide and prepare the future workforce.

Enhancing Digital Literacy in Balongdowo Village for MSMEs Development through Digital Application Training

The development of digital literacy is an important aspect in mastering digital marketing strategies, especially in the face of today's global competition, given the importance of digital literacy, the right product marketing strategy is needed to improve the digital competence of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through seminars and workshop assistance for UMKM entrepreneurs in Balongdowo village. The purpose of this community service activity is first to increase digital marketing knowledge and develop digital literacy of MSMEs business actors in Balongdowo Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo and the second is to implement Digital marketing applications (Istagram, Facebook, Sophee, Tokopedia platforms) through workshops and mentoring activities that focus on marketing village products involving resource persons who are experts in the field of digital marketing. The target of this activity is UMKM entrepreneurs and young entrepreneurs in the Balongdowo Village area. The results of this service activity show a significant increase in participants' knowledge and skills in utilizing technology to manage transactions and market MSMEs products. In addition, the participants were aware of the importance of digital security and ethics in the use of information. Overall, this activity succeeded in increasing the enthusiasm of UMKM actors to understand and apply digital marketing technology. And it is hoped that participants will be more prepared to compete positively, both at the local and national levels. In the future, it is hoped that continuous training can be held as a strategic step to ensure the sustainability of the use of technology in the management of MSME businesses in Balongdowo Village.

Acceptance Analysis Of Web-Based Learning Media In Indramayu Regency Based On The UTAUT2 Model

<p>The current education system has adopted a 21st-century approach, emphasizing learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. This shift has moved from a teacher-centered to a student-centered learning approach. 21st-century education demands the development of learning skills, innovation, information literacy, and digital literacy. The aim is to assess the extent to which variables such as Effort Expectancy (EE), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), ICT Usage Habits (IUH), Performance Expectancy (PE), Perceived Learning Opportunities (PLO), and Social Influences (SI) can influence Behavioral Intention (BI). Additionally, the study evaluates factors influencing the level of acceptance of web-based learning media usage among teachers in Indramayu Regency, using the UTAUT2 model.This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a questionnaire as the instrument. The population comprises all teachers in Indonesia, with a sample of 100 elementary school teachers in Indramayu Regency. The findings indicate that variables EE, FC, HM, IUH, PE, PLO, and SI collectively have an 81.1% influence on Behavioral Intention (BI), while 18.9% is attributed to other unexplored factors. The hypothesis test results reveal that EE, FC, HM, IUH, PE, and SI do not significantly impact Behavioral Intention (BI). However, Perceived Learning Opportunities (PLO) has a significant influence on Behavioral Intention (BI).</p>

Reskilling and Upskilling Strategies for Manufacturing Workers in the Industry 4.0 Landscape: Case study on PT. XYZ

The advent of Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the manufacturing sector, necessitating a paradigm shift in workforce skills to adapt to the rapid technological advancements. This paper explores the strategies for reskilling and upskilling manufacturing workers at PT. XYZ to align with the demands of Industry 4.0. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from employee performance metrics and qualitative insights from interviews with management and workers. Key findings indicate that a comprehensive strategy integrating technical training, digital literacy, and soft skills development is essential for enhancing employee adaptability and performance. The case study highlights the pivotal role of organizational culture and leadership in driving successful reskilling and upskilling initiatives. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of continuous learning and proactive workforce planning to mitigate skill gaps and ensure sustainable growth. The implications of this study provide valuable insights for manufacturing firms aiming to thrive in the Industry 4.0 landscape through strategic human capital development

Digital In- and Exclusion in Everyday Life: Practices and Literacies Across the Lifespan

In this thematic issue of <em>Media and Communication</em> titled Practices of Digital In- and Exclusion in Everyday Life, we bring together insights from around the world to offer a diverse set of perspectives on digital practices and digital literacies across the lifespan. Moreover, emphasizing the development of digital literacies as a situated social practice, this thematic issue provides insights into the social contexts through which people develop digital literacy practices, how they construct and integrate social norms around technologies, and the links between digital literacies and (digital) citizenship. As concerns about digital in- and exclusion grow, this thematic issue hosts numerous relevant studies by academics that collectively help us gain insight into the impact of digital in- and exclusion in everyday life across the lifespan, gaining insight into the role of different contextual factors, including time, place, and social, economic, and political contexts in the ways in which citizens use digital media and develop digital literacies.

Digital literacy analysis: A case study of Telkom Indonesia in exploring its work environment dynamics

<p>Digital literacy is increasingly recognised as a crucial skill in today's work environment, particularly in the context of rapidly advancing technology. This study aims to analyse the level of digital literacy among employees at PT Telkom Indonesia Graha Merah Putih Bandung and its impact on work productivity. Qualitative research methodology was employed with employees of the company serving as the research population. Both primary and secondary data were utilised, gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study used three types of informants with each being represented by one employee. The findings reveal that digital literacy, encompassing proficiency in utilising digital communication tools and platforms, significantly influences the work productivity of PT Telkom Indonesia employees. Moreover, the development of digital literacy has identified that it is playing pivotal role. The study underscores the importance of digital transformation initiatives and enhancing employee digital literacy to drive improvements in work productivity.</p>

Assessment and Evaluation Methods for 21st Century Education: Measuring What Matters

In modern education, not only teaching methods, but also assessment methods play an important role. An adequate assessment system is essential to the development of skills that are necessary for successful careers of applicants. Therefore, the purpose of the research is the analysis of modern assessment methods in the educational process and their significance for the formation of 21st century skills. The PRISMA approach was used to search for relevant materials. Google Scholar was chosen as the main database for literature search. Works written in English or with English annotations were taken into analysis. 10 criteria for the inclusion of literature were developed, which related to the relevance, practical importance and scientific novelty of the research. Therefore, 40 positions were selected. The study used the coding method for the systematic analysis of textual data. Hence, the results showed that the main approaches to assessment in modern education are summative and formative assessment. Summative assessment summarizes student achievement after the learning process is complete, while formative assessment improves learning outcomes in real time through feedback. Special attention is paid to the active use of digital technologies, such as computer adaptive testing, e-portfolios and platforms for online testing. The conclusions emphasize that innovative assessment should contribute to the development of key skills of the 21st century. The development of digital literacy is especially important, as it allows all participants of the study to actively use technologies and understand them.

Research on the level of digital literacy of English language teachers (a case study in China)

Introduction. As the main force in cultivating digital citizens in the new era, teachers’ digital literacy level is directly related to the development of the entire nation’s digital literacy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the current development status of teachers’ digital literacy. This study aims to investigate the development status of digital literacy of English teachers in Changzhi City, China, through empirical research, and to discover the problems faced by teachers in the development of digital literacy. Materials and methods. The respondents of this study were English teachers from urban and nonurban areas of Changzhi City, a total of 100 people, finally 83 valid questionnaires were collected. Methods: comparative method, generalization, literature analysis, questionnaire method, statistics and data analysis (descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysis). The results are obtained using computer programs MS Excel and IBM SPSS 26.0. Results. An assessment tool is developed to examine the current status of teachers' digital literacy development in China. The study finds that the overall digital literacy level of English teachers in Changzhi City is high (arithmetic mean = 3.94); teachers perform well in digital awareness (arithmetic mean = 4.98) and social responsibility (arithmetic mean = 4.05), while they perform poorly in digital technical knowledge and skills (arithmetic mean = 3.61) and digital applications (arithmetic mean = 3.47). There is no significant difference in teachers' digital literacy in terms of teacher gender, education and type of school where teachers work (p>0.05). Teachers in urban areas are significantly better in digital literacy than teachers in non-urban areas. There are significant differences in the aspect of professional development(p=0.0360), digital technical knowledge and skills(p=0.0002), digital applications(p=0.0088). Teachers' digital literacy scores in five aspects differed significantly (p<0.05) at different levels of teachers' age and years of teaching experience. Conclusion. The ability to integrate digital technologies and disciplines, innovative teaching awareness, and abilities of English teachers in Changzhi City should be improved. When improving the digital literacy of teachers, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of balanced development of the city and non-urban areas. The results obtained can be used as methodological recommendations for improving the level of digital literacy of teachers.

SWOT analysis of the use of Coursera, edX, and Futurelearn platforms in the education of physical education teachers

In the context of martial law, the use of online platforms for physical education teacher training is gaining popularity. After analyzing the popularity of foreign educational platforms, Coursera, edX and Futurelearn were selected for analysis. The purpose of the study was to conduct a SWOT analysis of the selected platforms for the training of Ukrainian specialists. Opportunities include multimedia, control, ability to teach people with disabilities, development of digital literacy, territorial independence, and diversity of material. Risks include limited access to the Internet, unreliable technical equipment, low motivation, and difficulty in learning if you don’t know a foreign language. Weaknesses include: lack of academic integrity, plagiarism by students, lack of individualized approach. Strengths include: online format, accessibility, structured information provision, and free of charge. The analysis shows that opportunities and risks are equally likely to occur when implementing such training in practice. It was found that the strengths of these platforms for their use in the process of training physical education teachers in Ukraine significantly outweigh the weaknesses. As a result of the analysis, based on the comparison of opportunities and risks, strengths and weaknesses, it was possible to develop the most necessary measures for implementation, so that the implementation of such courses in practice in Ukraine in the training of physical education teachers would be as effective as possible and would allow to improve skills and competencies, as well as increase their own level of competitiveness in the labor market.

Digital literacy: a foreign language for students from rural areas in South Africa

The Digital literacy has become an imperative part of higher education, since the Covid19 outbreak, traditional institutions had to adapt digital learning techniques. However, students from rural schools were left in the dark. Since there are still some extremely poor schools in the rural parts of South Africa, where there is still no access to electricity. Therefore, the ability to use any digital tools remains a huge challenge for such students. The transition from a rural school to an urban higher education institution that is very tech savvy and living in the 4th industrial revolution is extensively difficult. Subsequently, the success of students from rural schools gets hindered. However, this doesn’t necessary mean that these students are incapable of succeeding in their respective programs. This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by students from rural schools regarding digital literacy. The research methodology will be a quantitative approach, the sample will be drawn from students in traditional universities who are coming from rural high schools. The findings of this paper will be used to recommend ways of increasing the success rate of learners from rural schools in digital literacy and skills development for traditional universities in South Africa. Keywords: Digital Literacy, Inclusive Education, Student Succes, South African Higher Education Subject classification codes: I230; I240; I210

Building digital literacy through exploration and curation of emerging technologies

People readily consume an ever-growing range of emerging technologies while largely unaware of their lack of control over the impact that such networking, devices, data, and processes have on their lives. Since college-educated people are huge consumers of digital products and are expected to participate in networked learning, it is critical to foster student development of an expanded understanding of digital literacy. To address this challenge, we have created instructional materials for instructor and student use of the internationally known repository, “Fabric” of Digital Life (https://fabricofdigitallife.com/). This research comes as the result of collaboration between the University of Minnesota’s Emerging Technology Research Collaboratory (ETRC, https://etrc.umn.edu/), a research group for investigating emerging technologies, and Fabric of Digital Life (https://fabricofdigitallife.com/) and its affiliated Decimal Research Lab at Ontario Tech University. Together, functioning as a collaborative in support of networked learning, we invite and facilitate research on building student digital literacy through examination, contribution, and/or curation of collections regarding emerging technologies. From Spring 2019 to the present, 13 instructors and associated students across nine institutions have developed and are using a set of instructional materials for student exploration and/or curation of collections in this repository. This paper documents initial instructor discussion and study of student development of digital literacy as a result of use and/or curation of Fabric collections on emerging technologies and the discourses surrounding them. We are beginning to study the abilities that students draw upon when exploring the collections and when determining which artifacts might be included in current collections as well as new collections that might be developed. Collaborative interaction with the editorial team at Ontario Tech University not only enhanced the repository content and development of instructional resources, it also further evolved the metadata for Fabric for external users and the public. At its core, this research examines the potential development of digital literacy through the act of exploring and curating collections on emerging technologies. Critical to this core is the networked learning collaborative in place to foster and support this work.

Digital health literacy and diet quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the level of digital health literacy (DHL) and diet quality (DQ). Information was collected from users of digital social networks through online questionnaires containing sociodemographic data, questions from the Digital Health Literacy Instrument and a 24-hour recall. To verify the correlation between the level of DHL and QD, the Spearman correlation test and the chi-square test were applied for the association between DHL and QD with sociodemographic factors. The diet of 71% of respondents was classified as “needs modification”. There was an association between higher levels of DHL and younger age, higher income and higher education. There was no significant correlation between DHL level and QD. It was observed that sociodemographic factors are significant for the development of digital health literacy. Assessing the reliability of information was the greatest difficulty reported for health searches.

Development of Technopreneur Leadership to Improve High School Teachers' Teaching Performance: Innovative Approaches in Education

This study aims to describe technopreneur leadership development as an innovative approach to improving the teaching performance of high school teachers. The research method used is quantitative survey research with teachers as research respondents with a sample of 54 respondents based on non-probability sampling techniques with saturated sample types. The data collection technique was used through a closed Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using simple correlation and regression tests. The results showed that technopreneur leadership development can positively impact the teaching performance of high school teachers. Technopreneur leadership development involves introducing and applying relevant technology in the learning process, the development of digital skills and information literacy for teachers, and establishing a culture of quality in schools. In this context, technopreneur leadership plays a role in facilitating teachers to adopt technology effectively, deal with change, motivate and empower education staff, and create a supportive environment for innovation. This research is an important contribution to understanding the importance of technopreneur leadership development as an innovative approach to improving the teaching performance of high school teachers.