Development Of Cultural Life Research Articles

РОЗВИТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ В АРГЕНТИНІ У ХХ СТ.

Argentina is one of the countries that are inhabited by a large number of ethnic Ukrainians. The purpose of this article is to study the development of Ukrainian literature in Argentina. One of the tasks aimed at achieving this goal is the introduction of the names of emigrant writers into scientific circulation. The arrival of a large number of active and educated people in Argentina in the interwar period (including writers O. Drahomanova, P. Buk, O. Devlad, etc.) led to the emergence of new forms of public life. A large number of literary and art schools, libraries, and reading rooms appeared. An important factor in the preservation of ethnic identity and the development of cultural life was the formation of the Ukrainian Cultural Society “Prosvita” in 1924. The biggest wave of emigration took place during the postwar period. Writers such as L. Holotsvan, Y. Prylutska-Farni, K. Buldyn, etc. arrived here. At this time Argentina became a real cultural center of Ukrainians. The Society of Artists, Writers and Scholars was formed, uniting almost all cultural figures. In the biography and works of many writers of this period Argentina appears as an “intermediate” point (for example, I. Kachurovsky, O. Kerch, V. Kulish, Yu. Krokhmalyuk-Tys, etc.). Writers from all over the world have long been united by the magazine “Porogy”. Unfortunately, with the death of writers in Argentina (as in the rest of the world), literary life almost subsided. Among the writers of the fourth wave of emigration can be identified I. Voloshchuk. Translation activity played a significant role. From the beginning of the resettlement, Ukrainian emigrants distributed works of T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, M. Shashkevych, and L. Ukrainka. Many of the writers translated Ukrainian works into Spanish and vice versa. Thus, literary life in Argentina developed very actively in the 20th century. It was most striking in the postwar period, when a large number of cultural figures emigrated here. The research started in this article is promising for the future, as further detailed study of the features of works of art of Ukrainian-speaking writers in Argentina is required.

Panteleimon Kulish’s Dramaturgy: Historical and Spiritual-Philosophical Features

The paper explores the ground of the ideas, plots, and schemes of conflicts in ideological dramas by P. Kulish. The two of them are conditionally symbolic while the other three are based on real historical material. The libretto of the musical performance “A Woman from the Farmstead, or Singing Praise to the Bride in front of the Wedding Guests” and multifaceted drama “Herod’s Trouble” show combination of biblical, i. e. international, elements, while the latter also contains traditional folklore features of the Ukrainian Nativity Play. The other group of works makes up the trilogy, although P. Kulish interprets the selected topics in different ways and every time uses special literary techniques. The tragedy “Baida, Prince Vyshnevetskyi” depicts the conflict between the real historical figure, who was the founder of the regular Cossack army and folklore character, and representative of the Cossack poor, therefore between the knightly and lumpen forces. The heroes of the drama “Petro Sahaidachnyi” are prominent figures of the Ukrainian authorities, church, and culture of the 17th century, so the main conflict is determined by the concern for the development of cultural life; it unfolds in intellectual and philosophical sphere. The characters reflect on the problems of confrontation, combination of faith and science, possibility of spiritual or political struggle, etc. The ‘Old Ruthenian’ drama “Tsar Nalyvai” (the action takes place in the hot 1596) is the most dynamic; it has the most elaborate intrigue, but here the focus is rather on the deep symbolic language than on revealing the emotional or intellectual world of the characters. There are also some common features in all the dramas by Kulish. The author interpreted historical events estimated as the most important in a way of ideological conflict, combining historical phenomena and figures with symbolic (biblical and folklore) images and details.

Development of museum activities on the territory of Orenburg Region and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the «Thaw»

This paper discusses the development of cultural life of the Orenburg Region and Bashkiria on the example of museum business during the Thaw. The author shows that the development of the museum network in the southern Urals in the second half of the 1950s is associated with the general rise of cultural and scientific life of the country after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During this period, the interest to archaeological activities also increased. The popularization of the museum business in the region took place thanks to the activities of the museum staff that began to resort to various forms of communication with visitors: exhibitions, lectures, etc. The flow of museum visitors increased every year. The analysis of periodic publications and data archives helped to conclude that the museum business on the territory of the southern Urals during the Thaw was successful as new museums opened, because it was necessary to introduce culture to the population of the regions. If we consider the specifics of the opened museums, most of them were local lore. Due to the involvement of the regions population, the museum funds were actively replenished with artifacts. In the early 60s of the XX century new museums were opened as well as Askin Museum of local lore was created on a voluntary basis in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic).

Библиотеки дворянских усадеб в культурной среде Тамбовской губернии конца XVIII – XIX вв.

The authors analyze the concept of «cultural environment», highlight its components on the example of the Tambov Governorate, show its progress. The libraries of the noble estates played an important role in the development of cultural life in province, performed memorial, in-formational and socializing functions. We reveal the trends in the development of personal collec-tions, the core of the library fund, which allowed to determine the structure of the cultural heritage – publications distributed over the 19th–21th centuries. We make the conclusion about most popular authors, books and reading fashion. The authors reconstructed an objective picture of establishing and functioning of estate libraries in this period as an element of the cultural environment. A number of technologies for creating personal libraries can be used at present. Family reading techniques are applicable in promoting reading, books and book culture.

IN MEMORY OF MARIAN SOŁTYSIAK

Marian Sołtysiak, PhD, director of the Mazovian Museum in Płock (MMP) from 1961 to 1977, passed away on 20 November 2016. During his office, the museum was transformed into a supraregional institution, extended its collections, expanded its scientific and popularising activity, established contacts with academic and artistic circles, and acquired a new building in the Castle of the Mazovian Dukes. The most significant decision which set the institution’s further course was to start collecting Art Nouveau works, which now form the largest collection of Art Nouveau in Poland and is a showpiece of the museum. They also contributed to the network of museums in the Mazovian region, which led to the development of cultural life in our region. Marian Sołtysiak wrote publications devoted to our museum, one based on his PhD thesis The Mazovian Museum in Płock. Its history and social functions, as well as a memoir The Secesja with petrochemistry in the background. Once he left the MMP, he held important positions in various institutions in Warsaw; for example he was the organiser and first director of the Board of Historical Garden and Palace Conservation of the National Museum, Deputy Director of the Royal Castle in Warsaw, Director of the National Museum, Curator of the Arx Regia Publishing House of the Royal Castle in Warsaw, and Managing Director of the Patrimonum Foreign Enterprise. Sołtysiak was also an academic lecturer at the Pawel Wlodkowic University College in Płock and at the Pultusk Academy of Humanities, and a member of numerous Polish and international associations, museum boards, and scientific societies devoted to culture, protection of monuments and museology. For his indefatigable work for the protection of cultural heritage, he was given the award “For the guardianship of monuments” and the Annual Award from the Minister of Culture and National Heritage.

Parallel Lives: Gogol'’s Biography and Mass Readership in Late Imperial Russia

Our view of the cultural situation in late imperial Russia is changing. Long set aside as a distinct period in literary and cultural history, the decades embracing the turn of the twentieth century have customarily been described according to two master narratives. The first has tied developments in cultural life to the political struggle between revolution and reaction, and to the history of Russian revolutionary ideology. The second focuses on the evolution of style, recounting the transformation of realism and the concurrent emergence of decadence and modernism. Recent scholarship, however, has begun to reveal the limits of these paradigms by directing attention to fundamental changes in the institutions of Russian literature. Jeffrey Brooks has shown how the Russian reading public expanded and diversified in the wake of the Great Reforms, thus preparing the way for a broadly based popular literature governed by market forces. As technology improved in the areas of printing, transportation and communications, the potential of this new market was increasingly exploited so that by the turn of the century popular literature had risen from its origins as a virtual cottage enterprise to the status of a major industry.