Development Of Critical Technologies Research Articles

World Yearbook of Education: Comparative Methodology in the Era of Big Data and Global Networks

Global network platform as the most considerable context integrated by variety of modern and upgraded methodologies including digital and online methodologies along with all benefits and challenges paving the way for all scholars and educational experts to consider their studies regarding data visualization implementation for the sake of learning and teaching purposes in various ways. Examining the multiple perspectives of the present volume, it evaluates some critical technological developments that shed light on the novel assumptions and values in the era of global networks demanded at international education context.

Conceptual design of a sorption-based cryochain for the ETpathfinder

Next-generation gravitational wave detectors, including the Einstein Telescope [1][2], aim to achieve amplitude-spectral-density strain sensitivities on the order 10−24m/Hz[3]. In the low-frequency band such sensitivities can only be obtained when thermal noise, mainly stemming from the mirror coating, is reduced by employing cryogenic cooling techniques for the mirrors. The optical surface of the mirror should not vibrate with strain noise amplitude spectral densities above 10−20m/Hz for the cryogenic mirrors in the Einstein Telescope [3]. The ETpathfinder research facility [4][5], aims to facilitate the development and testing of critical new technologies required for the design and operation of future gravitational wave detectors. A key enabling technology for the design and operation of such advanced interferometers is the cryogenic system that cools the main optics to a temperature of approximately 10 K. Given the stringent requirements on vibrational noise for these optics, the cryogenic cooling under continuous operation should be essentially vibration free. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers using sorption compressors are known to generate an absolute minimum of vibrational noise during operation. We propose a modular cryochain design comprised of a system of sorption compressors and Joule-Thomson cold stages fitting the ETpathfinder project requirements. In this paper, we present the conceptual design of the cooler chain that is based on a parallel cascade arrangement of a 40 K neon stage, a 15 K hydrogen stage and a 8 K helium stage. The operating parameters of the sorption-based cooler chain are selected via a hybrid modeling workflow, aiming to optimize performance and other design considerations within an envelope of acceptable design parameters.

ORGANISATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the state and substantiate the proposals for the development of an organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the development of critical technologies in the energy sector. Methodology of research. The dialectical method of scientific knowledge is the methodological basis of research. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of critical technologies; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources on the content of critical technologies in the energy sector; cause and effect – to determine the postulates of the development of the energy sector of Ukraine; abstract and logical – for outlining the main directions of functioning of critical technologies in the field of energy, forming conclusions and proposals; visual and schematic – for publicizing creative searches for the development of the energy sector of Ukraine. Findings. Current and prospective critical technologies in the energy sector, which will be able to ensure the growth of efficiency of the energy sector of Ukraine, are summarized. The content is clarified, the characteristic features are revealed, and the priority directions for the development of critical technologies are highlighted. The list of promising energy technologies in the field of energy of Ukraine is substantiated. It was determined that an effective mechanism of interaction between the state and business in the energy sector can be organizational and innovative support for the creation and development of critical technologies based on the energy clustering of the national economy. This mechanism should be aimed at the development and implementation of critical technologies that will allow the sustainable and efficient operation of the energy sector and ensure the energy security of the country. The principles of management of critical technologies in the field of energy are substantiated. Originality. Assumptions regarding the need to improve the organizational mechanism for managing innovative activities for the development and support of critical technologies in the energy sector on the basis of energy clustering of the national economy are made in the article. An attempt is made to create a road map for the development and introduction of critical technologies in the energy sector. Practical value. The substantiated research results can be used to develop proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the development of critical technologies in the energy sector. Key words: energy, energy sector, critical technologies, innovations, organizational and economic mechanism, road map.

Management of the development of critical technologies and their significance in the defence capacity of Ukraine

Introduction. Today, the scientific and technological sphere has become the main one for Ukraine in the fight against the aggressor - the Russian Federation, and mastering the so-called "critical technologies" (СT) is used to expand the capabilities of the defence capabilities and offensive operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and in the post-war period to achieve the goals of national security ones, primarily military, military-economic and scientific-technological security. The goal of the article. The goal of the article is to generalize the world experience in the development of critical technologies (CT), analyze the state of this sphere in Ukraine, and develop proposals for overcoming problems on the way to the development of the scientific and technological sphere of the state. Methods (methodology). In the research the general scientific methods are applied, in particular theoretical generalization - to generalize the features and main directions of the implementation of innovative technologies in the section of the main functional areas of the military-industrial complex; system economic analysis - to assess the state and development of critical technologies to create the latest types of weapons, military equipment and the safety of functioning of the infrastructure. The results. The world experience of introducing critical technologies is considered. The state of development of critical technologies is analyzed as a national priority to ensure Ukraine's defence capability. The proposals for expanding and overcoming problems on the way to the development of the scientific and technological sphere to create weapons and military equipment have been developed. The steps for establishing an effective interaction of science, education and the industrial sector to develop innovative activities in the field of armaments and military equipment have been determined. Provision of quick and effective implementation of critical technologies in the military-industrial production with maximum effect and key tasks of the executive authority are proposed.

Государственно-частные партнерства в научно-технической сфере

The article discusses characteristic features of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as an instrument of public management of innovative development. It is noted that after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, strategic PPPs play an increasingly important role in the implementation of large-scale research and technical programs and projects. They are characterized by a focus on solving long-term issues of innovative and socio-economic development, long implementation periods and significant scale, an emphasis on the development of critical technologies, complexity and expansion of functions of a public partner, as well as high risks of research and development. There are two types of such partnerships – institutional (Joint Technology Initiatives) and contractual. Both of these types are formed based on the European Technology Platforms, however, institutional partnerships involve formation of a legal entity, and contractual PPPs are formed based on agreements between the European Commission and industry associations. It is argued that a variety of forms and types of PPPs, in which public entities and corporations, research and educational institutions, and innovative small and medium-sized companies participate, can contribute to solving the priority tasks of Russia’s innovative development. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to amend the current legislation, which lacks norms regulating general principles and rules for the formation and functioning of PPPs in science and technology sectors. Russia’s regulations contain an extremely narrow definition of the purpose and objects of PPP agreements. The goals are not related to the public innovation policy, and the objects are represented by a closed list of 21 objects, which, with the exception of computer programs and databases, belong to technological complexes of real estate and transport infrastructure. According to the authors, adoption of such a legal act will contribute to implementation of the key national programs, projects and initiatives and boost innovation development of the country.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANISM FOR ORGANIZATIONAL AND INNOVATIVE SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF DEFENCE CAPABILITY AND SECURITY ON THE BASIS OF ENERGY CLUSTERING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the state and substantiate the proposals for the development of a mechanism for organizational and innovative support for the development of critical technologies in the field of defence capability and national security on the basis of energy clustering of the national economy. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. In the research process, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of critical technologies; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the dynamics of the development of the energy sector of Ukraine; abstract and logical – for outlining the main directions of functioning of critical technologies in the field of energy security, clustering of the national economy, forming conclusions and proposals. Findings. Current and prospective critical technologies in the energy sector, which will be able to ensure the growth of the efficiency of the energy sector and national security of Ukraine, are summarized. Ways to reduce Ukraine's dependence on science-intensive technologies of foreign countries through the activation of its own fundamental, comprehensive research to create the latest resource- and energy-saving technologies are considered. The need for complex use of organizational-management, financial and economic mechanisms for stimulating innovative activity of enterprises for the development of critical technologies is substantiated. Originality. An assumption is made regarding the need to substantiate the choice of directions for achieving and maintaining a deficit-free supply of consumers with the necessary energy resources for the long term (taking into account the creation of conditions for providing consumers with the necessary types of energy in the necessary volumes during emergency situations of military, man-made and natural origin) at the expense of the development and implementation of critical technologies in the energy sector based on innovative forms of cluster formations and the organization of modern institutional structures of interaction. Practical value. The substantiated research results can be used to develop cluster formations for the development of critical technologies in the field of energy security as an important component of Ukraine's national security. Key words: energy, energy security, critical technologies, innovations, energy strategy of Ukraine, cluster.

Strengthening the environmental, energy and food security of the state as part of the development of critical technologies in the agro-industrial complex

To ensure environmental, energy and food security in the face of climate change, it is necessary to optimize the management of agricultural nature management. In this context, a special role belongs to the development of industrial technologies as intersectoral climate-neutral innovations in the agricultural and energy sectors. To achieve the set goal and solve individual problems, general scientific and private methods based on an abstract-logical approach were used: system analysis; content analysis; grouping and systematization; induction; degradation; graphical and tabular presentation. The article discusses the features of the development of critical technologies as intersectoral climate-neutral innovations in the field of agricultural environmental management. The development of critical technologies are considered in the context of determining the criticality of economic sectors and the criticality of individual objects in the regional and national sense. Criteria for the criticality of technologies in the field of agro-industrial complex have been formed. The advantages of the transition to the optimization of agricultural nature management based on the development of intersectoral industrial enterprises of climate-neutral technologies for ensuring environmental, environmental, energy and food security are determined. The structure of the functioning of the agro-industrial hackathon as a way to develop critical technologies in the context of strengthening environmental, energy and food security is proposed.

Management of the development of critical technologies and their significance in the defence capacity of Ukraine

Management of the development of critical technologies and their significance in the defence capacity of Ukraine

The growing role of intellectual property in Japan's national economic security: legislative provision

Keywords: intellectual property, innovation, national security, economic security,critical technology, critical infrastructure, inventor, non-disclosure guidelines, securityexpertise, secret patent
 The article examines the role ofintellectual property, in particular, the Institute of Secret Inventions in the developmentof the Japanese economy, ensuring the national economic security of the state.An analysis of the new Law on Strengthening National Security through ComprehensiveEconomic Measures, adopted on May 11, 2022, is given. The organizational andeconomic mechanism for ensuring measures aimed at strengthening Japan's national economic security is considered: a system that ensures a stable supply of critical materials,a system for supporting the development of critical technologies, and a secretpatent system. Japan's Economic Security Act gives the Japanese government theright to determine economic threats and risks associated with foreign economic activity.Focusing on four areas of economic security — supply chains, basic infrastructure,advanced technology and the publication of patents on sensitive technologies — thelaw allows the national government to intervene in Japanese companies' deals withforeign companies. It is concluded that the economic and legal institution of secret inventions,which directly affects national security, will gain more and more importance.And certain provisions of the Law can be used in law-making and law-enforcementactivities in Ukraine: a system for supporting the development of critical technologies,designated patent classifications (Designated Patent Classifications) in thefields of technology that can affect national security, guidelines for non-disclosure, securityexpertise, a system of preliminary determination secrecy, government compensationfor restrictions in the form of payment of «ordinary damages», sanctions forleaking undisclosed patent information.

Main Directions of Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the Arctic

The article discusses the main areas of partnership between Russia and China in the Arctic zone, and also highlights the points of contact between the two countries in the Arctic. The national interests of Beijing and Moscow in the researched region are being studied.Aim. To identify the main areas for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the Arctic.The following methodology and methods were used: neo-institutional approach, generalization, synthesis, systems approach, analysis of documents.Results. The article considers the national interests of Russia in the Arctic, among which the main ones are political and economic: the ensuring of the sovereignty of the country, the mining of the region and the developing of the Northern Sea Route. Chinese interests in the Arctic studied. The author divided them into three groups: economic, geopolitical and ecological. The priority interests are economic ones, despite the fact that the Chinese side is trying to disguise them as ecological interests. The paper identifies six areas for further cooperation between countries in the Arctic: the development of oil and gas fields, the development of the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route and the increase in the volume and number of transportations along it, the interaction in the field of environmental protection in the Arctic, the development of critical technologies, the organization of tourism, the formation technologies for the extraction of clean energy. In addition to directions for collaboration, the author also touches upon the topic of disagreements between states on various issues, in particular on the issues of the determining of the legal regime of the territories and water areas of the Arctic, as well as the implementation of the Arctic policy by Moscow and Beijing.Conclusions. The main areas for cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic are gas and oil production in the Russian Arctic, the supply of hydrocarbons from Russia to China as a priority, as well as the improving infrastructure along the Northern Sea Route and the increasing of the number of transportation along him despite the areas for cooperation identified in the article. Contradictions can also be distinguished between countries, the main of which is the issue of the governance in the Arctic region. But we believe that Russian-Chinese relations on the Arctic issue will only strengthen in the near future, as the parties have many complementary resources for each other.

All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Development of Russia's Scientific Potential"

On September 15–16, 2022 RIEPP hosted the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Development of Russia's Scientific Potential" aimed at addressing topical issues and decision-making in the develop­ment of international cooperation in science and technology in Russia in terms of global challenges, intellectual property management in science and technology, improving government support of scientific and tech­nological activities, and the functioning of scientific and technological infrastructure as the basis for the development of critical technologies in the Russian Federation; Improving the organization of record keep­ing and archiving in the Ministry of Education and Science of the Rus­sian Federation and its subordinate organizations. The conference was moderated by the director of RIEPP I. E. Ilina. Representatives of federal and regional state authorities, scientific and educational organizations, regional funds for the support of scientific and scientific-technical activ­ity, leading specialists and experts on intellectual property management and technology transfer, employees of RAS, representatives of leading CKPs and UNUs were participants of the round tables.

Linear Non-Threshold (LNT) historical discovery milestones.

The present paper provides a summarized identification of critical historical milestones in the discovery of the flawed and corrupt foundations of cancer risk assessment, with particular focus on the LNT Dose Response model. The milestone sequence presented herein is based on a large body of published findings by the author. The history of LNT and cancer response represents what may be the most significant case of scientific misconduct reported in the US, with its revelation severely damaging the scientific credibility and moral authority of leading US regulatory agencies and organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the journal Science. The consequences of this corrupt history are substantial, affecting cancer risk assessment throughout the world, critical aspects of national economies, the development of critical technologies and public health practices.

Heat inactivation of stable proteinaceous particles for future sample return mission architecture.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) are studying how to improve the safety of future planetary science sample return missions that would bring back materials to Earth. Backward planetary protection requirements have been identified as a critical technology development focus in order to reduce the possibility of harm to Earth’s biosphere from such returned materials. In order to meet these challenges, NASA has identified the need for an appropriate suite of biological indicators (BIs) that would be used to develop, test, and ultimately validate sample return mission sterilization systems. Traditionally, BIs are defined as test systems composed of viable microorganisms that are inactivated when necessary conditions are met during sterilization procedures, providing a level of confidence in the process. BIs used traditionally at NASA have been driven by past mission requirements, mainly focused on spore-formers. However, spore-based BIs are insufficient as the only analog for a nominal case in sample return missions. NASA has directed sample return missions from habitable worlds to manage “potential extraterrestrial life and bioactive molecules” which requires investigation of a range of potential BIs. Thus, it is important to develop a mitigation strategy that addresses various known forms of biology, from complex organisms to biomolecular assemblies (including self-perpetuating non-nucleic acid containing structures). The current effort seeks to establish a BI that would address a stable biomolecule capable of replication. Additional engineering areas that may benefit from this information include applications of brazing, sealing, and impact heating, and atmospheric entry heating. Yeast aggregating proteins exhibit aggregation behavior similar to mammalian prion protein and have been successfully employed by researchers to understand fundamental prion properties such as aggregation and self-propagation. Despite also being termed “prions,” yeast proteins are not hazardous to humans and can be used as a cost effective and safer alternative to mammalian prions. We have shown that inactivation by dry heat is feasible for the prion formed by the yeast Sup35NM protein, although at higher temperature than for bacterial spores.

DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Purpose. A study of approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “critical technologies”, an overview of the development of critical technologies in the field of energy security of Ukraine and an outline of the features of their use in modern conditions and for the future. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of critical technologies; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the dynamics of the development of the energy sector of Ukraine; abstract and logical – for outlining the main directions of functioning of critical technologies in the field of energy security, forming conclusions and proposals. Findings. Current and prospective critical technologies in the energy sector are summarized, which will be able to ensure the increase in the efficiency of the use of resources of the fuel and energy complex and ensure the comprehensive energy security of Ukraine. The impact of renewable energy sources is considered as a key parameter of the energy transition from the traditional use of energy resources to an innovative one, which can lead to the greening of the energy sector and the formation of an innovative and breakthrough model of the green economy. Originality. Measures to increase generation from renewable energy sources have been substantiated, which will make it possible to strengthen Ukraine's energy independence and contribute to the implementation of the Green Energy Course. A list of promising critical energy technologies in the field of energy security of Ukraine is proposed. Practical value. The substantiated research results can be used to form a list of the latest critical technologies in the field of energy security as an important component of Ukraine's national security. Key words: energy, energy security, critical technologies, innovations, energy strategy of Ukraine, energy supply, renewable energy sources, wind power plant, solar power plant.

Rewitalizacja po COVID-19 i perspektywy wykorzystania neutralnych dla klimatu technologii i bezpieczeństwa energetycznego

Dealing with the effects of COVID-19 is on the energy security agenda. Consolidation of efforts at the regional, national and international levels to exchange experience in the implementation of successful practices and the formation of institutional support of the sustainable energy development contributes to the post-COVID-19 revitalisation. With this in mind, the article is devoted to studying the peculiarities and experience of the post-COVID-19 revitalisation of the energy sector in different countries and determining the development prospects of climate-neutral technologies in the energy security sphere. A change in the behaviour of energy consumers by the secondary energy source in the context of increased quarantine restrictions has been established. In particular, a downward trend in the volume of energy consumption from traditional sources (oil, coal, etc.) has been traced. At the same time, the demand for energy consumption from renewable sources (solar energy, wind energy, etc.) has grown, which made it possible to diagnose the reduction in CO2 emissions. Based on the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 on energy security in different countries, the integration of the foundations of climate neutrality through the development of new critical technologies in the field of renewable energy sources has been established. As a result of a survey of green energy stakeholders using PEST analysis, it was proved that the complexity of integrating the principles of climate neutrality into the energy sector is that the result is not an economic effect but primarily an environmental effect (energy decarbonization). As a result, a methodology for determining the sustainability indicators for developing climate-neutral technologies in energy security using fuzzy set methods is proposed. The prospect of developing climate-neutral technologies in energy security lies in the transition to cross-sectoral interaction based on a closed cycle of energy consumption from renewable sources and the use of Industry 4.0 technologies. The proposed methodology will be a tool for further research on the developing organizational and innovative support and justifying the economic feasibility of introducing climate-neutral technologies based on the clustering of industries and a circular economy in the energy security sphere.

Институт горного дела Уральского отделения РАН: современное состояние и перспективы развития

The article aims to demonstrate the current state and directions of the institute's development in line with the adopted strategy. It describes the results of fundamental and applied research performed over the last 5 years, reveals the main aspects of scientific, organizational, innovative and social activities, and presents the achieved and target personnel and economic indicators of the Institute's work. The research has been performed using retrospective analysis and statistical data processing. The paper shows the achievements of the Institute in rejuvenation of its research staff, advanced training of young researchers at its own postgraduate courses, preparation and defense of theses at the Institute's Academic Council. The Institute's efforts related to its integration with academic and university research, as well as its activities in the international arena, are outlined. The strategy to improve the material level provides incentives for high quality implementation of the researcher's individual plan. Significant results have been achieved in addressing the social concerns of the Institute's staff, most of which relate to availability of housing. Activities of the Young Scientists' Council to organize competitions, the All-Russian Youth Conference, and launching of a web-based publication on issues of subsoil use are described. Innovative and research and education centers, laboratories for non-destructive testing and geomaterials testing have been set up to develop the required infrastructure. The main anticipated results of the Institute's development strategy are the concentration of material and human resources to tackle research in priority areas, achieving world-class results in these areas, creating an innovation potential for the development of critical technologies in the Russian Federation and reaching the top-level category of institutes

Development of critical technologies in the context of strengthening environmental, energy and food security

Introduction. In the conditions of climate change, ensuring the environmental, energy and food components’ resilience of national security needs to optimize the agricultural nature management. In this context, a special role belongs to the development of critical technologies as cross-sectoral climate-neutral innovations in the agriculture and energy. Purpose. With this in mind, the article is devoted to studying the features of critical technologies development as cross-sectoral climate-neutral innovations in the field of agricultural nature management to strengthening environmental, energy and food security. Method (methodology). To achieve the goal set and solve certain tasks, the following general scientific and specific methods based on an abstract-logical approach were used: system analysis; content analysis; grouping and systematization; induction; deduction; graphical and tabular representation. The application of a cross-sectoral approach to the circular use of natural resources, the determination of the features of critical technologies development made it possible to form the structure of agro-industrial hackathon functioning as a way of developing critical technologies in the context of strengthening environmental, energy and food security. Results. Strengthening environmental, energy and food security involves the use of critical technologies as a stimulus for the sustainable development of the national economy. The article has considered the features of critical technologies development as cross-sectoral climate-neutral innovations in the field of agricultural nature management. The relationship between sustainable development and national security as a way of determining resource potential at the national level is established. In terms of determining the criticality of the economic sectors and the criticality of individual objects in a regional and national sense, the critical technologies development is considered. The criticality criteria for the technologies in the field of agro-industrial complex have been formed. The advantages of the transition to the optimization agricultural nature management on the basis of the development of cross-sectoral critical climate-neutral technologies for strengthening environmental, energy and food security are determined. The article has proposed the structure of the agro-industrial hackathon functioning as a way of developing critical technologies in the context of strengthening environmental, energy and food security. Prospects for further research are to determine the resilience of agricultural enterprises to the critical technologies development as cross-sectoral climate-neutral innovations on the basis of strengthening environmental, energy and food security.

CLIMATE POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENERGY MARKET: PREREQUISITES, CHALLENGES AND ADVANTAGES

Introduction. As a critical infrastructure component, energy is undergoing a transformation towards the transition to the optimization of energy management and the development of critical technologies in the context of adaptation to climate change. Such development indicates a change in positioning “green” energy as a commodity in the market, namely the transition from a resource-saving to a climate-neutral approach. Purpose. With this in mind, the article is devoted to studying the aspects of integration of the climate component into energy security, prerequisites and features of the transition to climate management in the context of strengthening global and national security, identifying components of climate policy development in the energy market. Method (methodology). To achieve the goal set and solve certain tasks, it was used an abstract-logical approach, system analysis, comparative analysis, induction, deduction, grouping, tabular representation. The combination of systematic and synergetic approaches to solve its objectives, which have leaded to formation at components of climate policy development in the energy market. Results. The energy sector is one of the industries whose activities lead to a negative impact on the climate. COVID-19 has changed the level and structure of energy consumption and has become an additional factor in the development of renewable energy, which contributes to the climate-neutral effect. The article has considered the features of energy security as a component of national security in the context of climate policy development. The priority of energy sphere transformation in the conditions of climate change is determined. The prerequisites and peculiarities of the transition to climate management in the context of strengthening global and national security are substantiated. The article has formed the components of climate policy development in the energy market. Prospects for further research are to develop of measures to introduce climate-neutral innovations in the energy sector by diversifying alternative energy sources based on a closed cycle of using energy resources, introducing of smart technologies.

Introduction to the Special Issue on the New Arctic Ocean

One hundred and thirty years ago, Fridtjof Nansen, the Norwegian polar explorer and scientist, set off on a bold three-year journey to investigate the unknown Arctic Ocean. The expedition relied on a critical technological development: a small, strong, and maneuverable vessel, powered by sail and an engine, with an endurance of five years for twelve men. His intellectual curiosity and careful observations led to an early glimpse of the Arctic Ocean’s circulation and its unique ecosystem. Some of Nansen’s findings on sea ice and the penetration of Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean established a benchmark against which we have measured profound changes over the past few decades. In contrast, little was known about the Arctic Ocean’s ecosystem processes prior to the onset of anthropogenic climate change. Nansen’s successes, which paved the way for subsequent research, were gained in part from Indigenous Greenlanders who taught him how to survive in this harsh environment.

American Society of Cinematographers Motion Imaging Technology Council Progress Report 2021

As we reflect on the disruptive impact that the pandemic has inflicted upon our personal and professional lives, I marvel at the resilience of our Motion Imaging Technology Council’s determination to continue addressing the rapidly evolving digital imaging technology challenges that are confronting filmmakers. Since its formation in 2002 as the ASC Technology Committee, our agenda over the years has consistently identified the critical technology developments driving the evolution of digital production workflows. The unique nature of our mission has always been the fusion of a solid scientific and engineering knowledge base with a laser focus on how these technologies can best benefit the cinematographer’s ability to utilize them to enhance their creative vision.