Development Cooperation Research Articles

Türkiye’s Vision for Africa: Humanitarian Diplomacy and Development Cooperation

This article aims to analyze Türkiye’s humanitarian diplomacy and development cooperation strategies toward Africa within a theoretical and conceptual framework, assessing their impact and significance on the continent. The research problem addresses how Türkiye’s unique approach, which integrates historical ties, cultural interactions, and development efforts, distinguishes it from other global and regional actors. The arguments presented highlight that Türkiye’s humanitarian diplomacy strategy, based on mutual benefit and sustainable development goals, has effectively enhanced its positive image and influence in Africa. The hypothesis posits that Türkiye’s humanitarian diplomacy and development cooperation efforts have strengthened its position as a humanitarian actor on the continent and contributed to achieving sustainable development goals. The findings suggest that the country’s activities in healthcare, education, agriculture, and socio-cultural fields have created significant impacts, improving local communities’ living conditions and fostering sustainable development. Furthermore, Türkiye’s distinct approach, unlike traditional Western policies, is characterized by an emphasis on mutual interdependence and cooperation, positioning it as a reliable partner in Africa.

Analysis of the ‘Good’ performance indicators of Non-Governmental Development Organizations

The current economic and political crisis has brought about a change in the environment in which Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs) have traditionally operated. This change can be summed up as a reduction in the funds received accompanied by an increase in the population they must serve. It is thus important to possess mechanisms that allow an analysis of the excellent work performed by NGDOs. A knowledge of the NGDOs’ efficiency in managing previous projects can contribute to improving their future achievements. This research aims to establish some objective indicators that permit an evaluation of the efficiency of these organizations. Firstly, a detailed analysis of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) regulation is conducted. This allows us to synthesise the indicators of a good performance by an NGDO based on a study of the eligibility criteria of public donors. The study concludes that the internal good practices criteria of the NGDOs of the AECID can be grouped into four criteria: experience, transparency and internal operations, human resources, and financial resources. Subsequently, a global performance measure of the NGDOs is built using a multi-criteria decision-making approach that minimises the distance from an ideal point whilst maximising the distance from an anti-ideal point. Our approach has been applied in the evaluation of 20 Spanish NGDOs.

Optimalisasi Partisipasi Anggota Koperasi Mahasiswa Melalui Digitalisasi Layanan Serta Potensi Pengembangan Bisnisnya

The demand to transform conventional systems into ones that utilize digital platforms is inevitable. Digital transformation is crucial, especially in the customer service sector, to facilitate transactions for consumers. The opportunity to undertake digital transformation within cooperatives is wide open due to the rapid technological advancements today. The specific objective of this research is to understand how the digitalization of services conducted by student cooperatives contributes to enhancing member participation, and also to identify the potential for the development of student cooperative businesses. This research is conducted at the Student Cooperative of Economics Education in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Informants for this study consist of cooperative advisors, management members, cooperative members, and alumni who were members of the cooperative. Data collection for this research was obtained through three methods: observation of the research location, interviews with the informants, and literature review. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the methods used to analyze the qualitative data obtained from interview results. The research findings reveal that the student cooperative management has taken initiatives to optimize member participation, such as developing the "KopmaKu" application, attempting collaboration with third-party cooperative application developers, and working towards implementing Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a payment system. Student cooperative business units have significant potential to provide benefits and opportunities for alumni. These cooperatives serve not only as places for purchasing essential items, but also as platforms for collaboration, empowerment, and connections between students and alumni. The student cooperative business units can serve as a strong bridge between students and alumni. Alumni can collaborate with students in various aspects, including the provision of products or services, training, and even funding.

Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) – Economic corridor: an opportunity for regional connectivity and development cooperation in south and Southeast Asia

China is the largest country in terms of the purchasing power parity (PPP); and the country has started to invest hugely in the developing countries of the Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Central Asia and the Middle-East. It wants to be connected with Europe, Africa and Middle East through its economic corridors such as BCIM, BRI, MSR and OBOR. It can be mentioned here that most of the South and Southeast countries are poor and need huge investment in the infrastructural projects. Therefore, the concept of BCIM is a win-win geostrategic and economic policy for South, Southeast and China. On the other hand, India is largest country in terms of the size of population; and its economy is also rising rapidly. And this country also needs huge investment and development cooperation from the different countries including China. Besides, Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country; it also wants to grow rapidly in terms of economic growth, transfer of technology and infrastructural developments. On other hand, Myanmar is a developing country in Southeast Asia which requires vast developments, transfer of technology, foreign investments in the coastal regions and regional connectivity for economic growth and development. Therefore, carrying out study on BCIM economic corridor is extremely important in the region. It’s a qualitative study in the context of mythology. This study has found that implementation of BCIM economic corridor is very important for South and Southeast Asia including Bangladesh for regional connectivity, trade and investment and development cooperation.

Comparative analysis of data protection regulations in East African countries

Purpose Protection of personal data is integral to the digital economy, ensuring trust and privacy as its foundational elements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data protection laws in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda to understand their legal frameworks and identify challenges hindering their effective implementation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a comparative exploratory case study approach, analyzing legal frameworks of four East African (EA) countries through examination of legal documents, official reports and academic articles. The dimensions of analysis include registration, supervisory authority, data subject rights and cross-border data transfer regulations. Findings While all four EA countries are in the process of enacting data protection acts, they differ in scope, provisions and enforcement; more needs to be done to ensure mature data protection in these countries. The commonalities and distinctions in the legal frameworks are underscored, providing a mapping of data protection regulations in the EA region. Moreover, this study reports implementation constraints and areas for improvement. Practical implications The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, highlighting areas where data protection regulations can be improved. The results of this study can guide harmonizing regional data protection laws, ensuring consistent and effective enforcement. This study offers a foundation for future policy development and regional cooperation on data protection issues. Social implications The social implications of this research lie in its potential to shape public attitudes on data protection and privacy rights. By highlighting these concerns, this study may influence societal norms and values, encouraging a more informed and conscientious public discourse on inclusive policies that consider the diverse needs of different regional populations. Originality/value This study provides a pioneering comparative analysis of data protection regulations across four EA countries, offering unique insights into the regional variations and commonalities in legal frameworks. Its value lies in informing future policy development, enhancing regional cooperation and contributing to the harmonization of data protection practices in the selected EA countries, which remains an under-explored area in existing literature.

Defence sector and military cooperation between Turkey and the Central Asian Republics: limitations and prospects amidst intensified regional and global rivalry

ABSTRACT Recent Turkey-Central Asian Republic integration attempts are notable. Regular visits, Turkic World summits, economic steps to build a cooperative development bank, defense procurement, and regional policy collaboration have driven this trend. China's Bridge and Road Initiative, NATO's exit from Afghanistan, the Taliban's ascent, and the Russian elite's use of the “Russkiy Mir” after the Russo-Ukrainian War make the “Turkic world” geopolitically vital. Global and regional power struggles will make the region's natural resources and strategic location more important in coming decades. Turkey-Central Asia defense cooperation may also shape the region. This study aims to determine if Turkey-region defense cooperation improves Turkic integration. The states utilize regional military ties and diverse tools for regional and global objectives. The probe will begin with “Turkic integration” and recent Turkish defense industry achievements, then regional defense ties. Finally, a comparative analysis will reveal regional integration constraints and potential, focusing on defense cooperation.

국제개발협력 분야 기술사업화 프로젝트의 성공 저해 요인과 결합적 인과 영향: KOICA 혁신적기술프로그램(CTS)을 중심으로

Purpose: This study examines the factors and factor combinations that impede the success of Creative Technology Solution (CTS) projects, a recently introduced development cooperation approach in Korea that prioritizes science and technology innovation and private sector involvement in the field of development cooperation. Originality: This study pioneers the examination of technology commercialization cases in development cooperation, an area unexplored by both technology entrepreneurship and development cooperation academics. It goes beyond identifying individual factors to analyze conjunctural causal effects of multiple factors impeding project success. It also provides practical implications on which factors to address first for CTS project success. Methodology: A total of 23 CTS project end-of-project evaluation reports were subjected to qualitative content analysis (QCA) in order to identify the factors that impede the success of CTS projects. Furthermore, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) was employed to examine the ways in which combinations of factors impede project success. Result: The analysis identified four main impeding factors: inadequate preliminary research, inadequate project design, inadequate implementing organisation capacity, and inadequate stakeholder cooperation and communication. Of these, the two most significant factors impeding the success of CTS projects are poor preliminary research and poor project design. When these two factors co-occur, the likelihood of project failure is high, even in the absence of any particular issue with the capacity of the implementing organisation and stakeholder cooperation and communication. Conclusion and Implication: In order to enhance the probability of success for CTS projects, it is imperative to reinforce the preliminary research and project design, as these have been identified as the main impeding factors.

Историческое архитектурное наследие и современная застройка Владивостока как ресурс интеграции в АТР и формирования бренда территории в рамках политики «Разворота на Восток»: тренды и проблемы

The article examines the problems of forming a brand for the territory of Vladivostok as the largest agglomeration in the Russian Far East and a center of international cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The author analyzes the features of the building and territorial development of the city both in previous historical periods and in the conditions of the present moment. The period of analysis covers the entire history of the city’s development – from the second half of the 19th century to the present day, territorially – the entire urban development, taking into account port and industrial development. The article pays attention to such problems as the established fame of Vladivostok, the features of the urban environment, the specific structure of urban space, the relationship ofthese aspects with the development of international cooperation, business and economic activity, inbound tourism and the transformation of the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District into a well-known international location. The modern Russian policy of "Turn to the East" on the scale of the Far Eastern Federal District turns out to be largely connected with such locations as Vladivostok, and for this reason it is necessary to pay more and more attention to the development of such territories, harmoniously linking the historical "background" with the possibilities of modern urbanism.

Brazil's Foreign Policy in the Emerging Multipolar World: Data-Driven Strategic Positioning within BRICS and Beyond

In the multipolar world, Brazil's foreign policy faces complex geopolitical realities as a part of its strategy to expand its global influence and economic presence. On another front, Brazil considers itself one of the leading countries in the Global South. It has partnered with BRICS to call for better transport, and help has a say in running the world (power balance) instead of being overruled by Western powers. Brazil demonstrates regional leadership by actively participating in initiatives like the New Development Bank and organizations such as MERCOSUR, CELAC, and BRICS, emphasizing its commitment to sustainable development and regional cooperation. The plan is to broaden Brazil's regional power reach, seeking economic and diplomatic relations throughout the planet. Brazilian foreign policy is characterized by a pragmatic search for equidistance, maximizing economic possibilities and strategic ties without ever fully committing to any one bloc or country. These measures will increase Brazil's clout on global issues and solidify the country as a critical factor in shaping a more equitable and representative international order.

국제개발협력과 로컬라이제이션: 이론적 변천과 실천적 적용

Purpose: By introducing localisation and exploring its key issues, this study aims to raise awareness of localisation within the context of international development cooperation in Korea and derive implications. Originality: Localisation is an approach for promoting sustainable development by strengthening local capacities and expanding the use of locally available resources, with its necessity being increasingly highlighted amid the global economic crisis and various international challenges. Methodology: This study analyzes key discourses of international development cooperation, the theoretical background and major concepts of localisation, as well as evaluation frameworks and issues, through a literature review. Result: Localisation is regarded as a key paradigm in international development cooperation, as it enhances the autonomy of partner countries and incorporates the local social and cultural context. Moreover, it has been identified as playing a significant role in reshaping power dynamics between donors and local actors, while fostering the active participation of local communities. Conclusion and Implication: The successful implementation of localisation necessitates equitable partnerships, active engagement of local communities, resolution of conflicts over control between donors and local entities, and a development approach that prioritizes sustainability. Addressing these challenges requires establishing a forum for dialogue grounded in mutual trust and cooperation between donors and local actors, thereby enhancing the sustainability of international development cooperation.

국제개발협력에서 디지털 공공재의 역할과 과제에 관한 연구

Purpose: This study examines the role and challenges of Digital Public Goods (DPGs) in international development cooperation. Emphasizing openness, it analyzes the socio-technical dimensions of DPGs, identifying key considerations and constraints for their development and application. Originality: DPGs are emerging as a strategic tool to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address digital inequality. However, questions persist about whether technical openness alone can ensure successful development outcomes, suggesting the need for a broader analysis. Methodology: Using a socio-technical systems approach, this study reviews scholarly work on open-source software and open data in the Digital for Development (D4D) field over the past 15 years. Result: The findings show that DPGs enhance public service efficiency, support service expansion, and foster innovation through open access to data and knowledge. Despite these benefits, challenges such as technological complexity, infrastructure limitations, gaps in stakeholder awareness, capabilities, and trust, and hierarchical governance structures reveal tensions between technical and social dimensions. Conclusion and Implication: For effective implementation, DPGs require not only technical openness but also open governance structures, sustainable financial and technical capacities, and context-specific strategies. Governments and international organizations play a critical role as coordinators, while the formation of intermediaries and tailored strategies is crucial. This study contributes to the growing body of DPG research by offering a comprehensive analysis through a socio-technical lens.

On the development of interregional cooperation within the framework of the EAEU

On the development of interregional cooperation within the framework of the EAEU

Measurement of new qualitative productivity kinetic energy from the perspective of digital and green collaboration--comparative study based on European countries

At present, the world is witnessing the historic convergence of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change with the transformation of the development mode, and it is strategically important and far-reaching to rapidly enhance new qualitative productivity kinetic energy (NQPKE) on the basis of the lessons learning from the experience of the pioneering countries for all countries, so as to expand the room for manoeuvre of the economic development, obtain the initiative of international competition, and realise the benign interaction of high-quality development and high-level of security. On the basis of analysing the formation mechanism of NQPKE, we characterize NQPKE by the coupling and coordination degree of digital productivity and green productivity, we analyse NQPKE by using the entropy weight TOPSIS method and the coupling and synergistic model, and analyse the spatial-temporal characteristics, steady state development and constraints of NQPKE by using the method of kernel density estimation, the Markov chain, the spatial Markov chain, and the obstacle degree model based on data from 21 European countries from 2009 to 2022. The study finds that: (1) The NQPKE shows a wave-like development trend, and the polarization or multi-polarization state of the whole and the four major regions has been slowly weakened, with a certain degree of "club convergence" and "spatial spillover"; (2) The overall situation of barriers to NQPKE is relatively stable, the insufficient investment in scientific and technological development and weak technological innovation capacity are the most critical factors constraining the NQPKE in various countries. Based on the above conclusions, the article proposes to hold high the banner of peaceful development and win-win cooperation, give full play to the "club convergence" and "spatial spillover" effects of NQPKE, accelerate the development of NQPKE adapt to local conditions, and the "digital + green" double base will stimulate technological innovation, and the construction of a digital and green synergistic management system stimulates the potential of the new quality productivity of enterprises, ultimately unleash the surging kinetic energy of new quality productivity development.

Перспективи розвитку транскордонного співробітництва на рівні місцевого самоврядування в Україні

The irreversible course of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union is vividly demonstrated every day in the media by the unwavering support of our country by international partners and organisations, as well as by the top officials of foreign states. The key task is to adapt the acquis communautaire into the national legislation of Ukraine. All reforms are taking place in parallel with the Ukrainian government’s accession negotiations, starting with the ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in 2014. An integral attribute of EU accession is the implementation of decentralisation reforms, including the development of cross-border cooperation of territorial communities. This is an important tool for the development of regions, cities and territorial communities, especially those bordering on neighbouring countries or having partnerships with territorial partners in other countries. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the EU countries have virtually unanimously expressed political support for our country. The EU candidate status granted to Ukraine allows us to create the best conditions for the development of cross-border cooperation. Regardless of the duration of Ukraine’s accession process, the prospect of Ukraine’s membership in the EU has become a political reality and will sooner or later mean its integration into the EU single market and the Schengen area. Cross-border cooperation of subnational actors should be seen as a tool for territorial development of regions and communities, which ultimately benefits the whole country and should be in the public interest. State support for the development of cross-border cooperation at the regional and local level should be understood as a necessary investment that brings mutual benefits to all its partners. They will be able to use the opportunities offered by EU programmes for cross-border cooperation through various funding projects. In addition, such cooperation is of public interest to every European country. The state is obliged to be interested in this and provide opportunities to develop such cooperation. Therefore, in June 2024, the Law of Ukraine ‘On International Territorial Cooperation of Ukraine’ was recently adopted, which addresses a number of shortcomings and problems of local government functioning within the framework of international cooperation between territorial communities and regions of foreign countries.

The Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of Russia: Context, Opportunities, Prospects

The article presents comments on certain points of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation (STD) and explains the priority in the scientific policy aimed at encouraging the formation of synthetic scientific disciplines in the light of the need to respond to large challenges, as well as at discussing the ethical aspects of the STD. The author clarifies the importance of public procedures to gain access to resources controlled by the state. These resources are necessary for advancement in the field of STD. Issues related to the development of international cooperation in academic research are noted.

Fisheries Cooperationin Tambov Province during 1920s

This article examines the experience of regional cooperative development during the New Economic Policy (NEP) years. It focuses on the specifics of the unification of primary fisheries cooperatives into district and provincial unions. The author identifies two stages in this process: 1) from 1921 to 1924, when fisheries cooperatives had their own specialized unions; 2) from 1924 to 1928, when fisheries cooperation became part of mixed unions. The article presents data on the composition and number of cooperatives involved in the activities of these unions. It analyzes the functioning of the unions against the backdrop of changing realities, including the transition from War Communism to NEP, reduction of the province’s territory, the resolutions of the XIV All-Union Conference of the AllUnion Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and the III All-Union Congress of Soviets, as well as the adoption of a course towards industrialization. In conclusion, it is asserted that the gradual disappearance of specialized unions had a detrimental effect on cooperative development in the province. Most projects and initiatives developed and organized by the leadership of specialized unions were not fully realized. In mixed unions, attention to fisheries cooperation was given only as an afterthought.

Redefining alliances: Exploring the emergence of the China-Russia military axis

The article explores the development of Sino-Russian military cooperation since the end of the Cold War. It focuses on the evolution of their geopolitical alignment, military interactions, arms trade, joint military exercises, and ally dynamics. The research reveals the driving forces behind the emergence of a China-Russia military axis and its underlying synergy. It concludes that China and Russia have redefined the notion of alliance beyond its traditional understanding, creating a new paradigm of allied relations in international affairs.

REDD+ in Indonesia: An assessment of the international environmental program

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and assesses the progress on the effects of Indonesia’s REDD+ program. Due to the significance of Indonesia in terms of global rainforests and the comprehensive implementation practice of REDD+ programs since 2009, focusing on the case study of Indonesia enables interesting insights regarding the challenges and opportunities of REDD+. Indonesia faced challenges during the project’s implementation, but there were also reductions. This success is attributed to the set program design of REDD+. In this paper, we show that without international development cooperation in the field of climate change mitigation, the countries in the Global South lack locally driven forest conservation or restoration incentives. These incentives emanate exogenously from international development cooperation programs in the field of climate change mitigation. The review of the program also shows that despite the rigorous institutional design of REDD+ in Indonesia, not all the stakeholders could benefit from the program appropriately. Because of the de facto weakness of the smallholder farmers, indigenous population groups, and other vulnerable categories in the political process of Indonesia, these groups’ interests have not come fully to their own in Indonesia. Hence, we conclude that international programs that target environmental protection, while addressing inferior institutional quality, bad governance and operate through more accountable NGOs than government agencies would perform better in terms of global environmental targets and the sustainability of local livelihoods.

Ethics of research engagement with Deaf people. A qualitative evidence synthesis.

In this article, we explore ethical issues of Deaf people's engagement in research. To focus on the perspectives of Deaf people, we investigated existing qualitative and mixed methods research within a qualitative evidence synthesis. Our synthesis is based on a systematic database search (Scopus, PubMed) and reference check of included papers which resulted in 27 eligible papers. We analyzed the data using thematic synthesis and developed 5 analytical themes. The results present research as a struggle for Deaf people and emphasize the need for changes regarding recognition of Deaf research in a cross-cultural context, maintaining equal and partner relations, and provision of accessible communication. Our research contributes to understanding what the ethical inclusion of Deaf people in research implies. It may also support the development of evidence-based normative recommendations and scientific cooperation between Deaf and hearing people.

Pedagogical conditions for developing the readiness of master's degree applicants for intercultural interaction in the process of professional (piano) training

The article defines and characterizes the pedagogical conditions for forming the readiness of master's degree applicants for intercultural interaction in the process of professional (piano) training. It is emphasized that the tasks of the modern professional training of the applicants of the piano master's degree are not only to ensure a high level of professional knowledge of students, but also their practical preparation for social life and self-realization as an individual. It is emphasized that the humanization of the process of formation of the readiness for intercultural interaction in applicants of the professional master's degree implies the use of the latest technologies, active teaching methods, which would form the motives of educational and artistic activity, contribute to the discovery and development of the creative potential of the education applicant, self-realization of his/her personality; included in the process of learning the sphere of emotions, contributed to the development of cooperation. It has been proven that in the process of forming value orientations in the conditions of a multicultural artistic and educational environment, individual support of piano master's students is successfully implemented through individual counseling, creation of a positive moral and psychological climate in classes, mentoring support of the artistic and educational process, building an individual educational trajectory. Considering the formation and transformation of music-pedagogical and artistic-aesthetic paradigms in the system of modern music education, it is emphasized that the change in the paradigm of music education involves a shift of emphasis from the development in applicants of a complex of special knowledge, abilities and skills, focused on the formation of professional multicultural competence in the conditions of intercultural interaction, which allows us to interpret the artistic and educational space as a unity of creative personalities, united by channels of musical communication, who feel a sense of empathy for each other, mutual interest, are capable of active creative joint activity, overcoming interaction problems, creating a cross-cultural space