Development Of Control System Research Articles

Current–Pressure Dynamics Modeling on an Annular Magnetorheological Valve for an Adaptive Rehabilitation Device for Disabled Individuals

The dynamic relationship between current and pressure in magnetorheological (MR) valves is essential for the design of adaptive rehabilitation devices aimed at health rehabilitation for disabled individuals, yet it remains under-explored in existing modeling approaches. Accurately capturing this relationship is vital to predict the pressure drop response to current variations, facilitating the development of effective control systems in such rehabilitation applications. This study employs a linear black-box modeling approach to characterize the current–pressure dynamics of an annular MR valve. Experimental data are used to develop a set of transfer function models, with parameters identified through MATLAB’s system identification tools, utilizing invariant variable regression and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) iteration. The modeling yielded a 14th-order transfer function, labeled TF14, which closely aligns with experimental data, achieving a root mean square error of 12.64%. These findings contribute valuable insights into the current–pressure dynamics of MR valves and establish a foundational model for adaptive rehabilitation devices designed for individuals with disabilities.

Intelligent control algorithms for posture and height control of four-leg hydraulic supports

To address limitations of traditional inclinometers and height sensors in determining the posture and support height of hydraulic supports in coal mining, we propose a novel method predicated on travel measurements of the leg and tail beam cylinders. This method calculates the posture and height of hydraulic supports in mechanized mining. By conducting meticulous kinematic analysis of the hydraulic supports, a skeleton model of the main structural parameters of the hydraulic support was constructed. This approach transforms the traditional geometric relationship solutions of the main structure of the hydraulic supports into solutions based on the coordinate relationships of the main hinge points of the support, resulting in a mathematical expression for solving the support posture and height of the hydraulic supports. Meticulous algorithms for solving the support posture and height of hydraulic supports were developed based on the Newton–Raphson method, secant method, and Broyden’s method. The robustness, stability, calculation accuracy, and speed of these algorithms have been verified through analysis using the skeleton model and field measurement methods. The influence of initial coordinate parameters on the calculation results has been analyzed, and it was determined that the solution method based on the Newton–Raphson method has better robustness, stability, and calculation speed. The results of the research provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for precise, rapid control and intelligent management of hydraulic supports, effectively advancing the development of intelligent control systems for mining equipment.

Hypoxia-Initiated Supramolecular Free Radicals Induce Intracellular Polymerization for Precision Tumor Therapy.

Despite the development of various controlled release systems for antitumor therapies, off-target side effects remain a persistent challenge. In situ therapeutic synthesis from biocompatible substances offers a safer and more precise alternative. This study presents a hypoxia-initiated supramolecular free radical system capable of inducing intracellular polymerization, thereby disrupting the cytoskeleton and organelles within 4T1 cells. The system utilizes a 2:1 supramolecular host-guest complex of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and perylene diimide derivative (PDI), termed PDI+2CB[7], which is selectively reduced by the tumor's hypoxic and reducing environment to generate delocalized free radical anions. CB[7] effectively stabilizes these anions, enabling the PDI+2CB[7] complex to initiate free radical polymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) inside the 4T1 cells. The resulting in situ polymerization significantly disrupts tumor metabolism, leading to a strong antitumor response without systemic toxicity. This study demonstrates that stable, endogenous stimulus-induced supramolecular free radicals can trigger intracellular polymerization reactions, achieving a selective and effective antitumor therapy without conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Exploring a Software Framework for Posture Tracking and Haptic Feedback Control: A Virtual Reality-Based Approach for Upper Limb Rehabilitation on the Oculus Quest 2.

Virtual reality (VR) has gained significant attention in various fields including healthcare and industrial applications. Within healthcare, an interesting application of VR can be found in the field of physiotherapy. The conventional methodology for rehabilitating upper limb lesions is often perceived as tedious and uncomfortable. The manual nature of the process, performed by physicians, leaves patients in an environment lacking motivation and engagement. This presents an opportunity for implementing VR as a tool to enhance the rehabilitation process and improve the quality, efficiency, and evolution of recovery. However, physiotherapy often lacks relevant data to track the recovery process effectively, further compounding concerns about its efficacy. To address this, we propose the development of a posture control system using the Oculus Quest 2, a VR device. Our primary objective was to validate the performance aspects of this device and assess its potential as a rehabilitation tool, providing valuable support to healthcare professionals. Through a series of tests, we evaluated the effectiveness of our VR solution by integrating it into specific therapeutic exercises. This approach enhances patient involvement by offering real-time feedback on exercise execution and providing clear instructions for posture correction. The results demonstrate a notable impact on exercise performance, highlighting the feasibility of developing physiotherapeutically adapted solutions utilizing VR technology. By leveraging the Oculus Quest 2 system and the proposed framework, our research contributes to the advancement of VR-based rehabilitation practices. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential benefits of integrating immersive technologies into the field of physiotherapy, empowering healthcare professionals in their treatment approaches.

Sustainability management control system and sustainability performances in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the Sustainability Management Control System (SMCS) on improving Sustainable Performance (SP) or corporate sustainability performance. The study utilizes the data from 412 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, covering the period from 2017-2021. Hypothesis testing was carried out with a least squares regression model strengthened by robustness tests. To support the results, a number of other studies were carried out, including panel data, sensitivity testing, and the coarsened exact matching approach. The results showed a positive correlation between SMCS and improving sustainability performance. This means that the better the implementation of SMCS in a company, the more its sustainability performance will improve. This indicates the important role of SMCS in supporting the improvement of corporate sustainability performance. The practical implication of this research is to provide insight for executives, policymakers, and stakeholders to encourage the implementation of SMCS to achieve the success of sustainable development. In terms of theoretical contribution, this research elucidates the relationship between SMCS and sustainability performance, highlighting that SMCS is a development of the Management Control Systems (MCS) concept, incorporating new metrics. Overall, this research is useful for understanding the effectiveness of SMCS in improving corporate sustainability performance.

Rapid development of IIoT control systems using Volapu IIoT suite: a smart irrigation case study

Rapid development of IIoT control systems using Volapu IIoT suite: a smart irrigation case study

Development of an intelligent control system of high efficiency and online monitoring for hot air drying of peony flowers.

To enhance the drying quality of peony flowers, this study developed an integrated intelligent control and monitoring system. The system incorporates computer vision technology to enable real-time continuous monitoring and analysis of the total color change (ΔE) and shrinkage rate (SR) of the material. Additionally, by integrating drying time and temperature data, a hybrid neural network model combining convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, and attention mechanisms (CNN-LSTM-Attention) was employed to accurately predict the moisture ratio (MR) of peony flowers. The predictive model achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9962, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.6870, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.7634, demonstrating high accuracy in predicting moisture content during the drying process. Furthermore, the system utilized a fuzzy controller to dynamically regulate the drying parameters. The fuzzy control strategy was used to shorten the drying time by approximately 1h, improve the drying efficiency by roughly 12%, and significantly maintain the quality of peony flowers. These findings underscore the potential of the system to enhance drying efficiency and product quality.

Development of a method for automatic control of monitoring means for information protection objects

For the modern stage of science and technology development, the problem of information protection from unauthorized access is becoming relevant. The object of research is the process of monitoring information protection objects for timely detection and securing of leakage channels. The subject of research is ensuring automatic control of monitoring means for information protection objects. The article presents the results of the development of a method for automatic control of information protection object monitoring means by improving the control process, taking into account the peculiarities of the potential threats impact. The advantage of this study is the involvement of artificial intelligence in monitoring information protection objects in order to timely detect new threats to leakage channels. The essence of the method is to use a cybernetic approach to the development of adaptive control systems for monitoring information protection objects. The structure of the modeling method is considered, the procedure for assessing the adequacy and accuracy of determining the parameters of monitoring information protection objects. Proposals for implementing a method for controlling information protection object monitoring means based on associative control devices are substantiated. Schemes for implementing an associative control device for determining the parameters of an information protection object are presented, and the results of the practical implementation of the proposed method are also presented. A feature of the study are the developed associative control devices that provide the accumulation of knowledge in the process of learning about the threats of information leakage to the object of protection. The results of the study allow to improve the quality of detecting threats of information leakage to the object of protection and take into account possible changes in the characteristics of promising information leakage channels

Solid State Wave Gyroscope Parameter Assessment at Various Production Stages

The paper considers a solid-state wave gyroscope and describes the principles of its operation. Key stages of production together with parameters of solid-state wave gyroscope, characterizing quality, are studied and analyzed. The problem of automated quality control system development is raised. The set of gyroscope parameters, physical parameters of resonator oscillation modes, is chosen. The proposed set of parameters gives full description of device quality and can be analyzed at any of key production stages. So as to develop the evaluation method for solid-state wave gyroscope parameters a solid-state wave gyroscope mathematical model, as a free oscillation partial oscillator, that relates the phase variable dynamics with physical parameters, is analyzed. The resonator intrinsic wave drift rate being the principal quality parameter of gyroscope is studied. The relation between the drift rate and solid-state wave gyroscope physical parameters is considered. The measuring diagram for the suggested parameter set is developed on the basis of considered mathematical models, the technique is proposed, and software solutions for suggested approach implementation is developed. Structure diagram and state chart for the proposed solid-state wave gyroscope measurement parameters are described. The proposed diagram consists of two components: measurement and computational ones. The performance features of each component are described. Various operation modes of solid-state wave gyroscope parameter evaluation system are considered: free oscillation mode, wave pattern rotation, operation mode, and transition processes. The problem of applicability and efficiency of the proposed solutions is studied. The example of the developed system application is given. The results of obtaining the operating mode drift rate direct evaluation and drift rate evaluation obtained according to mathematical model and evaluated solid-state wave gyroscope physical parameter are analyzed. Possible ways of solid-state wave gyroscope parameter evaluation method improvement are considered.

Effectiveness of internal control systems: A case study of a TVET College in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

This study examined the efficacy of the internal control systems at a TVET College in the Vhembe district, emphasising the five essential components of an internal control system: the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication processes, and monitoring. This research utilises a sample of 52 permanent employees. The selected responders possess familiarity with internal control systems and are engaged in the development and execution of the organization's internal control system. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and cumulative percentages, were employed for analysis. The study's findings indicated that the institution's control environment was predominantly effective, whilst the remaining four components of its internal control system were moderately effective. The researcher determined that the institution's internal control system was moderately effective. The findings indicate that TVET College management should prioritise the enhancement of internal control systems to improve operational efficiency and risk management. The research emphasises the necessity for policies that fosters the ongoing enhancement of internal controls, potentially resulting in stronger governance and accountability inside the organisation.

Contextual Analysis of Financial Time Series

The evaluation of the financial state of small and medium-sized companies is a pressing issue today. This article introduces a novel method to evaluate a company’s financial state, implemented as a module within a decision support system. This component uses fuzzy logic and knowledge engineering methods. The article describes an ontological model that provides the framework for data analysis and financial time-series modeling. The ontological framework simplifies the representation of the trends in the financial indicators under analysis. Integrating an ontology and a set of fuzzy rules makes it possible to develop control systems based on fuzzy inference. This approach provides the analysis and interpretation of results. The experimental results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Theoretical system of levels of constructing vehicle movement of ground urban electric transport vehicle

Digitalization of the transport industry and the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the automation of control of its main processes determine the need to search for new approaches to the description of electrical complexes and systems of transport purpose, their internal and external system properties. The public ground urban electric transport system is considered as a complex process of conversion, transmission and use of electrical energy and information in the electrical complex of urban electric transport, manifested in the organization of controlled movement of vehicles in specific conditions of production tasks and technology of passenger transportation. Based on the synergetic description of the properties, principles of organization and functioning of a complex production and technical system of urban electric transport, the controlled movement of vehicles has been presented as a multilevel technological process implemented by the electrical complex of urban electric transport. It has been proved that the basis of this process, formed by 5 hierarchically arranged levels, each of which provides a separate specific task of building the movement of vehicles, is the implementation of algorithms of traction electrical equipment. A theoretical system of levels of vehicle motion construction as a multilevel process has been formulated, mathematical models of each level have been identified, and sets of conditions characterizing "external" and "internal" "order parameters" defining hierarchical interlevel interrelations have been determined. The results of the work may be of interest to the developers of control systems of autonomous vehicles and driver assistance systems during the selection and justification of algorithms for the effective control of the electrical complex of traction electrical equipment of urban electric transport.

Development of excavator arm movement with wireless control using Bluetooth and the Internet of Things (IoT)

This research is to develop a wired control system into a wireless control system on a laboratory scale mini excavator. First step is to review the development of the drive system and control system on previous excavator models, change the pneumatic drive system to electro-pneumatic, changing the control system from wired control to wireless control using Bluetooth and Internet of Things (IoT) system. The excavator with scale 1:14 is driven by a pneumatic system. The movement of the actuator is controlled using a wired remote, so that the working area is still limited to a certain area. The pneumatic control system on previous excavators was developed into an electro-pneumatic control system. Electro-pneumatic control system by replacing the 5/2-way directional valve with a 5/3-way double solenoid directional valve. With this valve, the movement of the excavator arms can be adjusted according to the operator’s wishes. The wired control system was developed into a wires control system including the Bluetooth system and the Internet of Things (IoT). Important components in these two control systems are Arduino Mega 2560, WEMOS D1 R32, 16 channel relay, and HC05 module. The excavator model with the development of a new control system has unchanged dimensions from the previous model. The excavator arms still use the previous excavator arms as well as the traveler with the same undercarriage. Only the body housing the control system is adapted to the new component layout area. Testing the wireless remote system is at a distance of around 30 meters, while the IoT remote system at a distance of around 1.5 km. The movement of each step is easier to regulate because it uses a 5/3-way directional valve. The time used for each step is also less than previous excavator models

Determining Resident Status for Taxation in the USA

This paper examines international taxation practices, in particular focusing on the taxation of individuals as well as tax tools used in industrialized countries to optimize tax collection and stimulate economic development. It is also directly relevant for representatives of ministries and departments involved in managing the state budget. The experience of the United States, with its developed and comprehensive tax control system, could be useful in organizing more effective taxation of foreign individuals, including migrant workers residing on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Development and Application of a Safety-Related Control System Implementing a Safety Function for a CNC Milling Machine

The safety of small CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling machines is typically ensured through organizational measures. However, when such a CNC milling machine is used in a manner that may involve contact with untrained individuals or children (e.g., for demonstration purposes), it becomes essential to ensure safety through appropriate technical measures. The required safety can be achieved by implementing safety functions to mitigate identified hazards. This paper addresses the design and application of a Safety-Related Control System (SRCS) that implements safety functions for a small CNC milling machine. A notable aspect of this implementation is that commonly available sensors (e.g., optical barriers) with a defined Safety Integrity Level (SIL) are unsuitable for small CNC milling machines in size, cost, and performance parameters. For instance, these sensors might fail to detect the entry of a child’s hand. Consequently, it was necessary to design suitable custom sensors for realizing an SRCS. The paper also demonstrates the achieved SIL for the implemented safety functions.

Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies: Chemistry, Architectures, Safety, and Management Systems

Electric and hybrid vehicles have become widespread in large cities due to the desire for environmentally friendly technologies, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel, and economic advantages over gasoline and diesel vehicles. In electric vehicles, overheating, vibration, or mechanical damage due to collision with an object or another vehicle can lead to the failure of lithium-ion batteries up to thermal runaway and fire. Therefore, the development of battery safety control systems is one of the most important factors contributing to the large-scale electrification of public and private transport. This review examines the design features of the location and management of the battery pack to achieve maximum safety and operational efficiency when using an electric vehicle. The power characteristics and life-cycles of various types of lithium-ion batteries depending on the chemical nature of their electrodes are considered, using the example of commercial vehicles’—Tesla, Nissan Leaf, Porsche Taycan, Zeekr, and Chevrolet Volt—strategic technologies for the placement and packaging of batteries, and battery cooling and monitoring systems (State of Health and State of Charge) are also discussed. In conclusion, the current challenges in the field are summarized and promising research directions are proposed.

Development of an IoT-based pumping control system for withdrawal of freshwater from brackish groundwater zone

Development of an IoT-based pumping control system for withdrawal of freshwater from brackish groundwater zone

Development of a DC motor control system by Xilinx system generator

This study introduces a numerical approach utilizing a Xilinx System Generator to develop a DC motor control system, showcasing a significant ability to regulate and enhance motor speed. We developed the proposed system in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, utilizing a collection of blocks generated by the Xilinx System Generator. We developed and simulated a proportional-integral (PI) controller and pulse width modulation (PWM). Subsequent to simulation, we can transfer the HDL code from the Xilinx System Generator block to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board using Vivado. The system can produce accelerated PWM signals, thereby enhancing the control of the DC motor. Because of the FPGA board's superior processing capabilities, it was crucial to design and simulate the control system using Sysgen. We proposed the FPGA board to address this issue, facilitating the efficient and rapid execution of the control signals. This work represents a significant advancement in the enhancement of DC motor control systems. It shows how well Matlab/SIMULINK and Xilinx System Generator can work together to make PI and PWM controllers. These findings present compelling possibilities for future applications in power electronics and industrial automation.

Rehabilitation Technologies by Integrating Exoskeletons, Aquatic Therapy, and Quantum Computing for Enhanced Patient Outcomes.

Recent advancements in patient rehabilitation integrate both traditional and modern techniques to enhance treatment efficacy and accessibility. Hydrotherapy, leveraging water's physical properties, is crucial for reducing joint stress, alleviating pain, and improving circulation. The rehabilitation of upper limbs benefits from technologies like virtual reality and robotics which, when combined with hydrotherapy, can accelerate recovery. Exoskeletons, which support and enhance movement, have shown promise for patients with neurological conditions or injuries. This study focused on implementing and comparing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) in a lower limb exoskeleton. Initial PID control tests revealed instability, leading to a switch to a PI controller for better stability and the development of a fuzzy control system. A hybrid strategy was then applied, using FLC for smooth initial movements and PID for precise tracking, with optimized weighting to improve performance. The combination of PID and fuzzy controllers, with tailored weighting (70% for moderate angles and 100% for extensive movements), enhanced the exoskeleton's stability and precision. This study also explored quantum computing techniques, such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and the quantum Fourier transform (QFT), to optimize controller tuning and improve real-time control, highlighting the potential of these advanced tools in refining rehabilitation devices.

Energy absorption capacity and vibration-control responses of smart perovskite solar cells under external excitation via intelligent velocity feedback control algorithm

Smart perovskite solar cells offer engineers a highly efficient, cost-effective, and flexible solution for renewable energy. Their tunable properties, ease of fabrication, and potential for integration into various surfaces make them ideal for sustainable power generation, driving innovation in clean energy technologies and energy-efficient designs. This comprehensive approach ensures that smart perovskite solar cells can withstand external mechanical excitations more effectively and maintain their integrity over time. Due to the mentioned problem, using a data-driven solution approach, this work presents an intelligent controller for reducing transitory vibrations in smart perovskite solar systems outfitted with functionally-graded graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterial (FG-GOEAM) layer in the metal position, sensor, and actuator face sheets. In order to effectively detect and react to vibrations, the system integrates sensor and actuator face sheets. The controller applies the converse and direct piezoelectric equations together with interpolation functions to coupled motion equations in order to efficiently decrease vibration amplitudes. By integrating intelligent control algorithms, system parameters may be monitored and adjusted in real-time to maximize stability and performance. The piezoelectric actuator applies a control force to promptly halt the vibration of the structure. This study determines the controlled dynamic response of the smart perovskite solar cell construction by the use of a velocity feedback control algorithm. Numerical simulations and validation show that the suggested method is effective in mitigating transient vibrations and improving structural integrity. Through the development of intelligent control systems for smart perovskite solar cells, this study offers interesting solutions for engineering applications by reducing transitory vibrations.