Development Of Conceptual Model Research Articles

Environmental risk analysis of accident on main and technological oil pipelines

Article is devoted to questions of environmental risk analysis of accident on main and technological oil pipelines. The relevance of a subject consists in standard introduction of requirements about risk assessment to many fields of activity, related to danger or result indeterminacy. Thus, risk assessment requirements are stated in all international standards on the management systems, starting with ISO 9001. The aim of the article is consideration of a contingency situation on the oil pipeline in respect of its long-term environmental impacts. A research problem is development of conceptual model of man-caused accident impact on the ecological environment. During the solution of an objective research techniques were chosen, and situational models of risk estimation are developed. Based on the predesigned results, it is possible to draw a conclusion on the high level of environmental risk which isn't considered in the ecological management systems of the oil companies.

AB1332-HPR ASSESSING THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND REVIEW OF EXISTING PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME (PRO) MEASURES

Background:Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the kidneys as a result of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Approximately 50% of SLE patients will develop LN, which is considered to be one of the most severe manifestations of SLE and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. While there is ample existing evidence on disease experience and PROs used in extra-renal SLE, little research has been done in LN. Qualitative interviews with patients can help identify concepts that are both important and relevant to the patient. In order to effectively evaluate treatment benefit, it is critical that PRO measures used to assess such concepts and define clinical trial endpoints are fit for purpose and have strong evidence of content validity in the specific context of use.Objectives:The objective of this study was to understand the patient experience of LN and to identify and characterize the signs and symptoms of LN and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) through the development of a disease-specific conceptual model. This model was then used to evaluate the content validity of existing PRO measures available for use in LN.Methods:A structured literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycINFO to identify qualitative research articles documenting the patient experience of LN. PRO measures developed or commonly used to assess patient experiences of LN were also identified. Semi-structured concept elicitation interviews were conducted with 15 adult patients in the US with a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of LN (defined in accordance with established clinical guidelines). Supplementary qualitative data were also collected from a review of publicly available online blogs/forums. Findings were used to inform the development of a conceptual model detailing the impact of LN signs, symptoms and HRQoL and evaluate the validity of existing measures used within LN.Results:Searches revealed a paucity of qualitative research conducted with LN patients, supporting the need for prospective research in LN. Consistent with existing literature in SLE, the core signs and symptoms identified from the qualitative literature review, interviews and blog/forum review included joint pain, fatigue, joint stiffness, swelling (particularly in the extremities) and skin rashes. LN patients also reported urinary frequency, urgency, foamy urine and blood in their urine. Disease impact on physical functioning, activities of daily living, emotions, social life, work/finances and sleep were reported. PRO measures commonly used to evaluate patient experiences in LN included the SF-36, LupusQOL, LupusPRO, SLE Symptom Checklist, KDQoL and KSQ. Conceptual mapping of instruments against the newly developed conceptual model (Figure 1) highlighted that no single measure provides a comprehensive assessment of all symptoms/impact important to LN patients. Furthermore, items are largely focused on impact of symptoms with few items on symptom severity.Figure 1.Conceptual model of lupus nephritis symptoms and associated impactsConclusion:The presentation of signs and symptoms in LN patients appears similar to those reported in extra-renal SLE populations, with the addition of swelling and urinary symptoms. Qualitative research with LN patients guided the development of a comprehensive LN conceptual model outlining the disease experience from the patients’ perspective. These insights can be useful to inform PRO measurement strategies for clinical trials in LN.Acknowledgments:With thanks to Dr. Betty Diamond and Dr. David Wofsy for their collaboration and helpful insightsDisclosure of Interests:Pamela Berry Employee of: Janssen, Kate Burrows Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract, Rebecca Hall Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract., Adam Gater Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract, Helena Bradley Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract, Amy Ward Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract, Chloe Tolley Consultant of: Adelphi Values a health outcomes research company commissioned by Janssen to conduct the research reported in this abstract, Patricia Delong Employee of: Janssen, Elizabeth C Hsia Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC

Conceptual model development for Career Self-Management based on Career Capital: For Women in Engineering in College

Conceptual model development for Career Self-Management based on Career Capital: For Women in Engineering in College

Developing a conceptual model and power capacity estimates for a low-temperature geothermal prospect with two chemically and thermally distinct reservoir compartments, Hawthorne, Nevada, USA

The Hawthorne area in the Basin and Range province in Nevada in the western USA has been the focus of geothermal investigations for over 40 years, with initial discovery of blind resources via anomalously-warm water wells. Subsequent studies and drilling of temperature gradient holes and geothermal wells identified three separate blind geothermal prospects in the Hawthorne part of the Walker Lake basin. In this study, we conducted a detailed review of all existing geoscience data acquired at the site to date to develop a quantitative estimate of geothermal resource potential for one of the Hawthorne geothermal prospects (prospect A — along the southwest side of the basin). This included review of substantial well data from water wells and geothermal exploration wells (downhole temperature logs, lithology, water chemistry, borehole televiewer, and alteration mineralogy), detailed geological and structural mapping information, geophysical data (gravity, magnetic, and seismic reflection), 2-meter temperature data, and an existing 3D geological model of the basin. We find that the thermal anomalies associated with prospect A reflect the influence of two geothermal fluids in close proximity that are chemically-distinct, with different temperatures and spatial extent (lateral and vertical). One fluid represents a deeper resource, hosted in altered, fractured Mesozoic granitic basement along a segment of the Wassuk Range-front fault system, and characterized by equilibrated, alkali-chloride fluids, with ∼4000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) and a maximum measured temperature of ∼115 °C at ∼1500 m depth. A second fluid is hosted in Neogene basinal sediments at <400 m depth, with maximum measured temperatures of ∼100 °C, TDS of ∼1000 ppm, and a sodium-sulfate fluid chemistry. The outflow of this shallow resource can be tracked down gradient into the basin using well temperature data, which map a vertically-constrained plume that cools with distance from the inferred upflow location. The data suggest that the deeper resource is conductively transferring heat to the shallow resource, and structural and/or stratigraphic compartmentalization is preventing direct interaction and fluid mixing. Through our development of a new conceptual model of prospect A (with P10, P50, and P90 scenarios), and application of the power density method, we estimate the deep and shallow systems may have resource potential of 7 MWe (P50) and 1.6 MWe (P50) respectively.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE NATIONAL TOURIST INDUSTRY

The purpose. Development of theoretical and practical provisions and recommendations aimed at forming a model of development of the potential of the national tourism industry. Method. basis of the study was a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis and economic modeling, methods that are accepted in the theory of decision making. The Results. The paper analyzes the theoretical approaches to defining the concept of balanced development of the potential of the national tourism and identifies the main characteristics and factors influencing the formation of development of the potential of the tourism industry; a conceptual model of development of the potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine and its regions is proposed. Scientific novelty. The definition of balanced development of the potential of the national tourism has been clarified, the relationship between its components has been determined on the basis of a multi-criteria approach, which allowed to determine the prospects of development of the tourism industry and its regions and ways to achieve them. A conceptual model of development of the potential of the national tourism industry has been formed, which is based on the implementation of three logically interconnected blocks: preparatory, related to the development of a strategic Roadmap for development, the block of forming indicators of balance development of the potential of the tourism industry. The practical significance. The use of these proposals will allow the country's authorities and the management of tourism enterprises to make scientifically sound and organizational decisions on sustainable development of the potential of Ukraine's tourism industry in the future and will strengthen Ukraine's tourism potential, promote socio-economic sustainable development and play a significant role industry.

Development of a minimalist conceptual numerical model for flood forecasting and management under GIS environment

AbstractThe floods that Algeria has experienced in recent years are among the most significant natural disasters recorded by the country. These disasters, whose amplitude and frequency have tended to become increasingly irregular in space and time, in the current context of global climate change, encourage us to improve our flood management and forecasting strategies, notably through the re-evaluation of protection structure capacities, designed on the basis of hydrological data analyzed by statistical adjustment of past rainfall hazards. The objective of this study is to develop a minimalist conceptual numerical model for flood forecasting and management under GIS environment for the north-east region of Algeria. This model was developed by analyzing hydrographic data that can be adapted to climate data collected in real time, to predict short-term flood hydrographs in all segments of the hydrographic network, based on the Sokolovsky model for construction of synthetic hydrographs, combined with the Horton architecture for basin discretization. We obtained accuracy on past rainfall hazard simulations around 65.2% for peak flow amplitudes and 88.3% for surface runoff base times. This low-cost simple model opens the way to more possibilities in flood management, and can be improved through better spatialization and calibration with more field data.

The Science-P Reasoning Inventory (SPR-I): measuring emerging scientific-reasoning skills in primary school

ABSTRACT Scientific reasoning is a crucial ability in modern knowledge societies. An increasing body of developmental and educational research shows that already primary-school children possess emerging scientific-reasoning skills. The Science-P Reasoning Inventory (SPR-I) is a novel classroom-based paper-and-pencil instrument that was developed to measure children’s conceptual advances across diverse components of scientific reasoning (experimentation, data interpretation, understanding the nature of science). The SPR-I comprises 19 items, and a reduced, 7-item version is available: the SPR-I(7). Both versions measure broad scientific-reasoning skills and they can be used for whole-class testing. The administration of the SPR-I(7) requires only 30 min, allowing for its use across diverse research settings and the economic assessment of large samples of primary-school students. This article reports on the first empirical test (IRT analysis) of the theoretical, conceptual-development model that guided the construction of the SPR-I. Both the SPR-I and the SPR-I(7) are available from the Supplementary Materials.

Development of a Peer Education Program to Improve Concussion Knowledge and Reporting in Collegiate Athletes.

A novel peer concussion-education program (PCEP) was developed to enhance concussion knowledge and reporting among collegiate student-athletes. To describe the PCEP and its development and implementation. Program development consisting of a literature review, focus group, and pilot implementation. Athletics department at a college participating at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II-sanctioned competition level. Fifteen student-athletes from the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams participated in the focus group. Four peer concussion educators (PCEs) were debriefed after the pilot implementation of the PCEP with the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams. Focus-group data were analyzed qualitatively. The PCEs were debriefed, and responses were organized into recommendation types. The literature review contributed information that supported the development of the PCEP's conceptual model. Focus-group results provided information used to train the PCEs and refine the PCEP's education modules. The pilot implementation and PCE debriefing supplied information used to further revise the education modules, PCE training, and PCEP implementation procedure. The PCEP was developed based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and uses a peer-mediated, cognitive-behavioral, and interdisciplinary model to enhance concussion knowledge of and reporting by collegiate student-athletes. After a focus-group discussion and pilot implementation, we revised the PCEP and its education modules and developed an online manual to facilitate broad dissemination.

Conceptual Model Development of Dispatching Team Task Complexity for Metro Operating Control Center

As an important feature of dispatching team task in operating control center (OCC), task complexity has a significant impact on the team performance and operational safety of the whole metro system. However, the existing concepts and methods for individual tasks cannot be fully applied to the research of the dispatching team task of OCC. In view of the research status, this work analyzed the characteristics of the dispatching team task complexity (TTC) in OCC and developed a network-based model of dispatching team task. Based on the team task network model, a three-dimension conceptual model of TTC for dispatching team task in OCC was finally constructed in the paper using an induction method. Three kinds of emergency tasks also verified the effectiveness of the proposed three-dimension conceptual model.

Networking and Dynamic Switches in Biological Condensates

Cellular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in the dynamics and function of RNA-protein condensates like stress granules. In this issue ofCell, Yang et al., Guillén-Boixet et al., and Sanders et al. use a combination of experiment and modeling to provide an exciting mechanistic insight into the relationship between stress granules and LLPS, for example, in the context of protein disorder, switchable interactions, graph theory, and multiple interacting dense phases.

Conceptual model of start-up business for strengthening Madrasah funding using Dynamic System approaches

A start-up business is generally developed in a limited financial so that they grow slowly. It also happens on the Cassava Meatballs start-up business run by Madrasah Al-Binaa, one of an Islamic non-formal boarding school. Therefore, it is required some alternative tactics to provide the liquidity and get profits that will encourage the start-up business to grow, develop and be sustain. The start-up business contains some trade-offs so that this study uses Dynamic System approach to simulate the interrelationships among the variables. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of start-up business run by Madrasah Al-Binaa. It is expected that the conceptual model can represent the real system of the Madrasah start-up business. The conceptual model development is begun by observing the phenomena of the existing start-up business process, and then a causal loop diagram and their equations are built. The structure of the developed conceptual model consists of seven elements, i.e. customers, products, liquidity, debt, reputation, workers and household spending. The research method is descriptive analytics. The result shows that the developed model is different with the generic model. In the developed conceptual model, the entrepreneurs are not paid from private payoff, but allow to consider household spending.

Technological Opportunities for the Digitization of the Career Development Processes

The paper examines the issues of career development of students in the context of quality management of higher education. The better realization of graduating students is an important strategic goal for each higher school and its achievement ensures a better connection of education to the labor market. The better career orientation of the students during their studies makes the higher education institution more desirable by the candidate students and increases the funding process. A very challenging task in this context is the development of relevant technological solutions to be maximally digitized, which enables career development processes for students in higher education institutions. The study justifies this necessity by presenting and analyzing data related to the changes in the information channels and access to the students, as well as the cycle of their realization. The main contributions of the article are related to elucidating the causal relationship between career development and the quality of education, as well as the development of a common conceptual model for the digitization of career development. Finally, summaries are made and conclusions are drawn.

Conceptual framework for real estate transactions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the development for a conceptual framework with regard to the risk management of real estate positions as foundation for transaction decisions. In this context, the current market environment and legal obligations are the main drivers for market participants to improve their risk management practices. Based on this environment, a practical but science backed model is outlined.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a conceptual approach based on the existing literature to develop a practical decision support system. In addition, the current risk management best practices are outlined to illustrate the corporate and methodological foundation for the decision support system.FindingsThe conceptual model development reveals a clear necessity for the supplementation of price to value measures. Additional measures are derived from theoretic considerations based on Monte Carlo Simulation approaches to the risk management of property investments. These additional risk metrics support investors in order make risk-appropriate decisions.Practical implicationsThe resulting decision support system can be applied to the risk management of transaction decisions. Here, the model can be applied in any investment decision to support portfolio management considerations from a comprehensive risk management perspective. Investors can implement the system as part of their transaction procedure.Originality/valueThe existing body of literature mainly focuses on macroeconomic ratios in the context of decision support. In contrast, the present paper reveals a corporate decision support system, which is supposed to foster decisions of market agents especially with regard to potential price and value divergences and tightening legal obligations.

The Conceptual and Hypothetical Model of Interactive Blended Problem Based Learning

This article discusses the results of research on the development of conceptual models and hypothetical models of Interactive Blended Problem Based Learning (IBPBL) in Programming Language subjects for Electrical Engineering students at Universitas Negeri Padang. This model is a blended learning model that combines face-to-face learning in class and Moodle-based online learning with problem-based learning syntax in the field of Electrical Engineering. The research was carried out in three stages: (1) literature review, (2) formulation of the conceptual model, and (3) formulation of the hypothetical model. The IBPBL conceptual models consist of: (1) philosophical components: pragmatism; (2) theoretical components: cognitivism, behaviorism, constructivism, and connectivism; (3) methodological components: problem-based learning; and (4) technical components: problem-solving, cooperation, critical thinking, innovative, creative and systematic. The hypothetical model is based on students' ability to solve problems critically, creatively, collaboratively, systematically by utilizing the various advantages possessed by face-to-face and online learning in Programming Language courses. Model validation is done using expert judgment. The expert assessment assessed the IBPBL model in three aspects, namely: (1) component sufficiency, (2) content, and (3) ease of implementation.

Evolution of landscapes influenced by watermills, based on examples from Northern Poland

The paper presents the role of watermills in the shaping and evolution of cultural landscape. The distribution of 1217 watermills along rivers in the lower Vistula catchment area since the 12th century has been reconstructed on the basis of cartographic materials and historical sources. Their number changed over time, with the progress of civilisation, as a result of wars, changes in land use, drainage, irrigation and climate change. The 800-year period of the functioning of watermills in Northern Poland has led to the generation of a special type of cultural landscape, termed ‘molinotope’. Out of the wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, the most significant role in the shaping of mill-based landscapes was played by artificial landforms and specific transformations of the hydrographic network. Taking into account the technological progress, size and nature of changes in the landscape due to the functioning of watermills, a conceptual model of development of mill-based cultural landscapes has been constructed. Results of this study indicate that the status of the mill-based landscape (in each of the 7 distinguished stages of development) corresponds to the types of river landscape, considered as a system of technology and landscape. The full cycle of development of mill-based landscapes concerns only some of the investigated locations and it is determined by the degree of development and use of the landscape since the construction of a watermill until the present day.

The concussion recovery questionnaire (CORE-Q): conceptual model development and item generation of a concussion-specific measure of functional status

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Defining and measuring limitations in functional status post-concussion has been challenging, as generic measures do not accurately reflect issues most relevant to adults with persistent post-concussion symptoms.Purpose: To develop a new concussion-specific measure of functional status for use in clinical practice and intervention trials.Method: We developed a conceptual model of functioning based on concepts identified from a previous qualitative study with persons with concussion and clinicians. An initial set of questionnaire items was generated from the concepts, codes, and conceptual model. Items were refined using cognitive interviews elicit feedback on their relevance and acceptability.Results: We developed an initial set of 145 items categorized by concepts that were reduced to 50. Our final item set resulted in the COncussion REcovery Questionnaire, which contains a total of 53 items split into 3 separate scales: the Post-Concussion Functional Scale, Concussion Modifiers Scale, and Global Functional Recovery Scale.Conclusion: The new Concussion Recovery Questionnaire is a self-reported measure of functional status for monitoring outcomes in clinical practice and in clinical intervention trials following concussion. Further studies are necessary to provide evidence of the measure’s psychometric properties and to determine the questionnaire’s ability to facilitate clinical decision-making.

Proceedings of Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2018

The International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics is carried out biennially by scientists interested in pedestrian and evacuation movement.The field of pedestrian movement and evacuation dynamics is an interdisciplinary discipline. The modelling of evacuation and pedestrian dynamics has evolved from calculations based entirely on physical processes e.g. granular flow, to simulation that now begins to include psycho-social processes accouting for limited decision-making and group behaviour. Given projected demographic changes, the diversity of the evacuees and pedestrians populations and their capacity to achieve objectives has become increasingly important. Accessibility and egressibility, and the relationship between them, has therefore moved to the fore. This is further complicated as a building is used according to a number of management concerns as safety, security and operations, that are employed under different scenarios -emergency and non-emergency. The need for analysis to assess the effectiveness of management procedures is therefore significant and expanding. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics welcomes contributions of physicists, mathematicians, engineers as well as psychologists and sociologists with an interest in the description of small and large groups as well as individual pedestrians and evacuees. The PED conference focuses on the modelling of people movement during emergency and non-emergency scenarios. This modelling may range from enhancing our understanding such movement, the development of conceptual models, to the quantitative assessment of such movement, the development of engineering or computational tools. The applications of interest range from small domestic settings to the movement of thousands of people. The research objectives and applications may vary; however, the common intention is to aid in our understanding and/or assessment of pedestrian movement under emergency or non-emergency scenarios.PED is a therefore a conference, with a focus on the development of models that describe pedestrian and evacuee dynamics and the various activities that support this development: data collection, model development, model application in novel areas, using new techniques and the employment of the results gained in innovative ways.Citation:Please cite the full conference proceedings as follows:Dederichs, A., Köster, G., Schadschneider, A.; Proceedings of Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2018, Collective Dynamics, A26, 1-442 (2020). DOI 10.17815/CD.2020.26Single articles inside the proceedings should be cited as:Authors; Title.In: Proceedings of Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2018, Collective Dynamics, pages (2020)

Periglacial water paths within a rock glacier‐dominated catchment in the Stepanek area, Central Andes, Mendoza, Argentina

AbstractIn the region of the Stepanek rock glacier (69°19′/69°26′W, 32°55′/32°59′S), in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina, seasonal hydrochemical monitoring was carried out between 2013 and 2017. This paper describes underground and surface water flow, and their hydrochemistry, and provides an overview of how groundwater interacts with the rock glacier. The cryogenic basin of the study area where the hydrological flows originate has a surface area of 11.5 km2. The Stepanek rock glacier fills the valley and its permafrost influences water flow. Isotopic analyses of surface ephemeral streams and groundwater were made. Characteristic, naturally occurring δ2H and δ18O signatures of these samples indicate strongly that they are fed from within permafrost from the rock glacier, in response to the degradation of permafrost and melting of ground ice. Elevated values of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ were detected in the meltwater runoff. Due to lithological factors, the Andean periglacial environment may indicate altitudinal differences in the hydrogeochemical results. Our hydrogeochemical research allows the interpretation of different water flows, directly observed or indirectly deduced, which cross the rock glacier. The new information allows for the development of a new conceptual rock glacier model that includes different flow paths. It is expected that this will become more important due to ongoing climate change.

Modeling a conceptual proposal to analyze psychosocial characteristics of Peruvian social entrepreneurs

Objective: This study aims to propose a comprehensive approach to five theoretical dimensions, characteristic of social entrepreneurs, to design a conceptual model that analyzes them based on macro-level psychosocial constructs such as beliefs and practices. Method: A qualitative study was conducted with 16 social entrepreneurs from the city of Lima (Peru). Using a deductive thematic analysis, their careers were examined and made operative based on their beliefs and/or practices, and on more specific psychosocial variables such as values, attitudes, behaviors and traits. Results: The attitudinal dimension of Positive Attitudes Towards Sustainable Practices (PASP) is the articulating main point in which all participants’ experiences come together to define their social vision, of axiological nature, promoting competent behaviors including innovation, networks and financial returns. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to deepen the study of the PASP dimension focused on the Peruvian social issues. Authorship Contribution AVR: coordination, conception and design of the study, data collection, coding and analysis of information, theoretical argumentation, main writing of the manuscript and final revision of the document. MAPV: design and development of the instrument, contact with participants, data collection, theoretical argumentation and document revision. AEP: theoretical development of conceptual model, design and development of the instrument, and review of final theoretical discussion. EFNL: literature review, construction of theoretical argumentation for the discussion of results and review of formal aspects for presentation of the manuscript.

A conceptual model development of the impact of higher education service quality in guaranteeing edu‐tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intentions

This conceptual study proposed that university service quality is of significant influence in guaranteeing education tourist's (edu‐tourist) satisfaction, recommendation intention, and repurchase intention. The study considers the universities as tourism markets that attract edu‐tourists and put forward that the level of service quality provided by institutions can influence on the satisfaction of edu‐tourist and their post‐behavioral intention in an educational tourism context. This paper analyzed several previous studies and discussed service quality factors affecting edu‐tourist's satisfaction and behavioral intentions using various databases such as social sciences and psychology. The theoretical framework of the means‐end approach was used to evaluate service quality dimensions. The findings revealed the most significant factors affecting edu‐tourist's perception of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Overall, the campus facilities perceived to be the most prominent factor in satisfying edu‐tourists. Recommendations for future research relating the crucial determinants of service quality in influencing consumers' behavior are discussed.