Command Development Research Articles

Development of the European Union Autonomous Command and Control Capability in the Context of European Security and Defence Cooperation

"The development of the command and control capability for the crisis management operations conducted by the European Union has been a constant element in the context of European security and defence cooperation. The particular profile of the regulatory framework governing the activities performed under the auspices of the Common Security and Defence Policy has led to a specific EU capability building process. The formulas promoted in relation to both civilian and military components have taken various forms. However, the constant trend is to consolidate the options that the EU can employ in generating and conducting its own operations. They will add to the EU-NATO cooperation framework, developed from the earliest moments of the launch of European military operations. The developments in terms of the potential to generate and lead mixed civil-military commitments have been placed on similar coordinates. In practice, the stage in the development of the EU’s command and control capabilities attests to the existence of a comprehensive and equally complex instrument that the EU can employ in managing its own operational commitments."

Training of tactical level officers for the armed forces of the Republic of Belarus (1995–2015)

The article is devoted to the history of foundation, formation and development of Command and Staff Department at the Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus for training tactical level officers during 1995–2015. It is noted that the need of creation of the Belarusian Military academy for preparation of national military cadres with higher military education was caused by both economic and political reasons. In May 1995, according to the Presidential decree of the Republic of Belarus, the Military academy of the Republic of Belarus was created. Along with creation of Military academy the Command and Staff Department for training of operational-tactical level officers with the higher military education is organized in its structure. After the Military academy was created preparation of officer ranks within its walls (1995–2015) developed and improved constantly. Opening in structure of the Military academy of the General Staff Department of Armed Forces (2006) has finished creation of a full cycle of the Belarusian higher military school in the national system of military education. The author draws the conclusion that the created national military school in Belarus provides training for officers and it is a source of pride, an example of the successful decision made using its own resources to get around the problems that Belarus can face in the way of upholding of the sovereignty and independence.

Ensino superior militar e desenvolvimento de competências de comando e liderança

Fast growing changes in the political, economic and social spheres are occurring across several regions of the world, and Mozambique is no exception. These changes pose new challenges to higher education and, in particular, to higher military education, which should contribute to this development, namely, in the Military Academy curriculum and the development of command and leadership skills of its graduates. This paper presents a study developed in the context of the PhD in Educational Sciences, in the area of Curricular Studies and Pedagogical Supervision. This study aims at identifying the perceptions of military leaders of and graduates by the Military Academy Marechal Samora Machel on how the skills of command and leadership of troops are developed, and the articulation they establish between initial training and the exercise of those in the field of professional action. It is an exploratory study that starts from the phenomenological-interpretative paradigm and privileges a qualitative approach, resorting to documentary research, semi-structured interviews with military leaders selected for convenience, and two focus groups with graduates of that Academy. All of the presented results, point to new facts and dimensions to be introduced in the curriculum.

TOWARDS ENHANCED SECURITY: EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY COMMANDERS WITHIN THE LITHUANIAN AND AUSTRIAN ARMED FORCES

This paper is focused on the current state of opinions and positions on issues of education and development of commanders within the Lithuanian and Austrian Armed Forces. The contribution presents the results of a questionnaire survey entitled „Analysis of current situation, opinions and attitudes to the issue of education and development of military commanders (managers) of chosen subjects in subordination of the National Defence System of Lithuania“and „Analysis of current situation (opinions, attitudes) of the issue of education and developmet of managers (military leaders) of chosen subjects in subordination of the Austrian Armed Forces“. The selected areas provide a current overview of the opinions and attitudes of the views of awareness and opportunities for consultation, development of managerial skills and leadership managing at the beginning effect on the function, development needs, barriers, educational and development activities attendance and integration of new elements to training. Attention is paid to the methodology of Crew Resouce Management from a civilian and military point of view, its history, focus, aplication, etc. This paper focuses on the use of CRM at United States Navy and Marine Corps, United States Air Force, United States Army, United States Coast Guard and other world s military services.

A Game-Based Training Application to Support the Development of Commanders' Skills in Counterinsurgency Operations

This paper is a companion piece for a presentation to be given as part of a panel discussion on “Training Issues in Military and Defense.” Specifically, it describes: the establishment of a game-based training tool designed to develop Commanders' skills for planning, directing, and assessing actions in urban counterinsurgency (COIN) environments; several of the evaluation efforts; and some challenges moving forward. The prototype is currently being used at multiple U.S. Army school houses and operation institutions to provide trainees an opportunity to plan, direct, and assess COIN operations within a simulated micro-world. Challenges moving forward include: creating reliable measurement tools that are sensitive to changing levels of expertise and higher-order skill development, embedding automated assessment tools that critic performance and skill development within gaming platforms, and improving adaptive training capabilities in order to deliver tailored training.

Technology and the possibility of global environmental science

Global environmental science, in its current configuration as predominantly interdisciplinary earth systems analysis, owes its existence to technological development in three respects. (1) Environmental impacts of globalization of corporate and military industrial development linked to widespread use of new technologies prompted investigation of ways to understand and anticipate the global nature of such impacts. (2) Extension of the reach of technology itself demands extension of attempts to anticipate and control the environment in which the technology is to function. Thus as the reach becomes global, the environment in question is also global. (3) Such global studies cannot get far without the development of command, control and information technologies (computers, satellites, automated remote sensing devices) which are crucial for data gathering, storage, and analysis and for the simulation modeling, crucial to theory testing and prediction. This network of dependence on technological development gives the global environmental sciences a rather distinctive epistemological profile, one in which some distinctions that we had thought were clear, on the basis of models of classic laboratory sciences (such as those between experiment and deduction or representation and instrument), turn out to be far from clear. In consequence there needs to be a careful evaluation of the extent to which, or the ways in which, these sciences can provide bases for policy decisions.

ROLE OF MARKET BASED INSTRUMENTS IN THE NEW BUSINESS PARADIGM

This paper attempts to develop a prescriptive theory/model for the strategic application of market based policy instruments. The research paper documents the development of command and control regulatory instruments and provides a normative account of their use by businesses for competitive positioning. The paper then reports the development of Market Based Policy Instruments (MBI) and explains their prospective defensive and offensive strategic applications based on Porter's Five Forces model of industry analysis. Finally, a prescriptive model that describes the strategic application of MBI is provided based on the preceding analysis. It is assumed that successful firms will not shy away or avoid future regulatory instruments but use them to their competitive advantage. That competitive advantage will come from core firm values that emphasize dramatic increases in resource productivity, the elimination of waste, the use of solution-based business models, and reinvestment in the natural capital. The strategies and tactics that will guide the evolution of "laggard" firms into "achiever" and "enviropreneurial" firms is not precisely mapped out, but there are a number of tools, tactics and strategies that firms can use. All of them are applicable depending on the managerial maturity of the firm and its capacity to extend its environmental management practices, strategy and vision throughout its organisation and to its constellation of relationships. Firms looking for unique competitive advantages should consider using market based regulatory instruments to differentiate their products and services to overcome seemingly impossible market entry barriers, reduce operating costs, and turn waste into profit.

Field Integrated Communications and Information System for Bulgarian Land Forces

The development of command, control, communications and information systems is a priority in the development of the Bulgarian armed forces, established in the Governmental Program for NATO Accession 1 and confirmed by Parliament with the adoption of the Military Doctrine of Republic of Bulgaria. 2 In implementation of the declared priorities, the first major modernization project was for development of the field communications and information system of the main land formations of the Bulgarian rapid reaction forces, that would contribute to NATO and NATO-led peace support operations. The tender for the project, that became known as the FICIS (Field Integrated Communications and Information System) project was conducted in 1998. During its implementation requirements were influenced by the knowledge and experience gained by military leaders and experts during the comprehensive C4 Study, 3 as well as by dedicated seminars and discussions. 4

Learning to love the bomb: The command and control of British nuclear forces, 1953–1964

The command and control of nuclear forces has emerged as an important concern in strategic studies. Yet the study of British command and control has been sparse. This article provides the first archive‐based outline of the development of command and control of British nuclear forces in the period 1945–64. It examines the British response to the emerging Soviet ballistic missile threat: by appointing a designated deputy Prime Minister with the authority to launch Britain's nuclear forces; by establishing an alternate government headquarters outside London for authorising nuclear retaliation; and by delegating nuclear authority to the military. This article documents for the first time how nuclear release authority was delegated to Bomber Command, in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack and the destruction of Britain's political leadership.

Evolutionary Development of Command and Control Systems: The Fort Lewis Experience

The philosophy of evolutionary development has been applied in the development of a command and control system for the Ninth Infantry Division (Motorized) at Ft. Lewis, WA. The methodology, product, and lessons learned are described. In particular, the history of the development is reviewed to examine the major changes in direction that occurred as a result of hands-on use and evaluation by an operational unit. Major program changes were directed and implemented within cycles less than six months long. In this instance a successful result was achieved through innovative and flexible management by both the customer and contractors.