Development Of Coastal Communities Research Articles

Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Economic Development: Empirical Research in the Coastal Area of Kien Giang, Vietnam

Alongside the economic growth in various coastal regions, including Kien Giang, the area faces non-traditional security issues, most notably marine environmental pollution due to the impacts of climate change. This study surveyed 130 households in several coastal regions of Kien Giang. It employed a multivariate regression model to assess the implications and quantify climate change's effects on economic activities. The findings indicate that most factors harm the financial activities of households living in these coastal regions of Kien Giang. This paper underscores the significance of addressing the adverse impacts of climate change on local economies. It highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate these effects, ensuring the sustainable development of coastal communities in Kien Giang.

Stakeholder Capacity in Collaborative Policy Innovation in Socio-Economic Development of Coastal Area Communities in Border Areas in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

Stakeholder Capacity in Collaborative Policy Innovation in Socio-Economic Development of Coastal Area Communities in Border Areas in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

Mangroves as Natural Shields: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Mitigating Natural Disasters and Conservation Strategies

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of natural disasters on coastal regions worldwide. This comprehensive review paper synthesizes multidisciplinary studies to explore the contribution of mangroves in reducing the risk of catastrophes such as storm surges, tsunamis, hurricanes, and coastal erosion. By analysing the complex relationships between mangroves and natural disasters, we delve into factors such as species composition, forest structure, hydrological regimes, and coastal geomorphology. Additionally, we investigate the socioeconomic implications of mangrove conservation and restoration efforts, highlighting their potential to enhance resilience and sustainable development in coastal communities. The paper presents a detailed examination of wave characteristics, types, and attenuation mechanisms, focusing on how mangrove features such as prop roots, knee roots, and pneumatophores influence wave dissipation. We discuss various numerical and statistical models used to predict wave attenuation through mangroves, providing insights into their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we explore global and India-specific mangrove cover status, important species, and conservation measures, including legal frameworks and initiatives by governmental and non-governmental organizations. Finally, the review underscores the urgency of conserving and restoring mangrove ecosystems to safeguard both human well-being and ecological integrity in the face of escalating climate-related threats. It advocates for evidence-based decision-making and policy development in disaster risk management and climate adaptation, emphasizing the pivotal role of mangroves as natural shields against natural calamities. Overall, this paper contributes to the understanding of mangrove-mediated hazard reduction and provides guidance for maximizing the resilience of coastal communities in an increasingly volatile world.

THE ROLE OF FISHING PORTS IN THE SUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY

Fisheries and aquaculture play an important economic, environmental and social role. The development of fisheries and aquaculture depends on many factors, including adequately equipped ports and landing sites. The aim of this paper is to highlight the roleof fishing ports in the sustainable blue economy. Fishing ports support the sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture by promoting best practises for environmental protection, maintaining food quality, creating fair prices, supporting workers' rights, integrating local communities and ports, and more. The Food and Aquaculture (FAO)Blue Ports Initiative aims to strengthen the role of ports as drivers of sustainable development in coastal communities and promote the achievement of several key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). However, ports are also encouraged to adopt a blue economy approach to management to achieve long-term benefits for local communities. Port management, in collaboration with scientists, policy makers, the private sector, and civil society, should focus on inclusivity, competitiveness, greening, and process efficiency, and support collaborative actions to improve the quality of life of local communities. KEYWORDS:fishery and aquaculture; ports; sustainability; blue economy; marine environment

Development of Mangrove Ecotourism on the Economic Aspects of Coastal Communities in the Arar Islands, Sorong Regency

Background: The development of coastal communities has benefits that can improve community welfare in the economic aspect. Coastal communities need special attention, especially regarding sustainable programs so that they can be felt for future generations. In particular, the people of the Arar Islands, Sorong Regency, have potential that needs to be developed in order to fulfill the welfare of the community and maintain the stability of the welfare of the local community. The phenomenon that occurs is that using natural resources that are managed sustainably will have a positive economic growth impact on the people of Arar Island. Method: This research uses a qualitative approach, a type of research whose findings are not obtained by statistical procedures or other forms of calculation. A qualitative approach was chosen because it can be used to uncover and understand something behind unknown phenomena. Results: Based on the results of qualitative analysis, it shows that coastal communities in the Arar Islands, Sorong Regency, are mostly categorized as having moderate economic conditions. Thus, the development of this area does not have an impact on changes in the local community's economy. Conclusion: Management of the Mangrove Tourism Area in the Arar Islands, Sorong Regency does not show a positive impact on the economic conditions of the community. This is because the management carried out so far has not been optimal and is temporal in nature and has not been fully supported by the Regency government.

Community Activity in Environmental Management Mangrove Forest in Pariaman City

The potential and unique natural resources in the Pariaman Mangrove Forest have a very significant role in the economic, social, cultural, and environmental development of coastal communities. Environmental management of the Pariaman Mangrove Forest is one of the efforts to support the development of coastal areas optimally, wisely, and responsibly, of course by involving community participation and various related parties and while still paying attention to the environmental carrying capacity of the Pariaman Mangrove Forest. This research aims to provide an overview of community activity in managing the Mangrove Forest environment in Pariaman City. Enthusiasm, desires, and hopes as well as the social concern of the local community are forms of community participation in efforts to manage the Mangrove Forest environment. Community participation is a supporting factor in efforts to develop the coastal area of Pariaman City. The description of community participation in the environmental management of Mangrove Forests is shown by the high level of community desire to protect and preserve them as well as their hope for efforts to protect or improve Mangrove Forests. The form of community participation is voluntary or self-directed participation.

Aligning top‐down and bottom‐up modes of governance? How EU Fisheries Local Action Groups support small‐scale fisheries and coastal community development in Sweden

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries and coastal communities experienced dramatic downward trends over recent decades impacting rural development on European coastlines. Fisheries governance in the European Union (EU) follows exogenous top‐down regulations steering fishing practices through detailed regulations. In contrast, the EU's structural funding system of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) involves an endogenous approach consisting of more participatory bottom‐up processes. This article explores these approaches by investigating the capacity of Swedish FLAGs to support small‐scale fisheries and coastal communities. Using document analyses and interviews, we show that, in principle, the FLAG approach has the capacity to support local fisheries developments and to foreground small‐scale fisheries interests in combination with community interests. However, the unique Swedish FLAG experience reveals a diminished scope for including small‐scale fisheries’ and coastal communities’ interests on a structural basis. The Swedish FLAG experience, we conclude, mirrors a path‐dependent trajectory of marginalisation and disempowerment of local fisheries interests hampering the potential of endogenous development.

Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia by Muhammad Mehedi Masud

Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia by Muhammad Mehedi Masud

The IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions™ as a tool for enhancing the sustainable development of marine aquaculture

This paper applies the IUCN Global Standard for Nature based Solutions™ self-assessment tool (published in 2020) to two aquaculture case studies. Data from the case studies were compiled by the authors. In Zanzibar, secondary data were obtained through a previous project, which included a stakeholder workshop in Zanzibar (in 2019) and one deliverable published by the IUCN on Zanzibar of their catalogue “Aquaculture and Marine Conservation”. In Indonesia, the original data were provided by the Blue Natural Capital Funding Facility (BNCFF) and the associated local teams. The analysis of the data, the information provided, and the scoring itself were done by the authors, in association with local teams in both areas. The results of the two assessments, discussed in the paper and presented in detail in the Supplementary materials, can be considered original research, never previously published in a scientific journal. The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) was proposed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to protect, restore, and sustainably manage natural and modified ecosystems for achieving a variety of societal benefits. The IUCN released the IUCN Global Standard for NbS™ to help design, assess, strengthen, and upscale NbS interventions. In the current context of growing uncertainties for the future of coastlines and oceans, aquaculture has been recognized as a positive activity for achieving sustainable development in coastal communities; supporting food security, poverty alleviation, and economic resilience; and contributing to the conservation of marine ecosystems in some cases. However, the sustainability of aquaculture systems has often been criticized. Aquaculture initiatives in coastal areas can achieve both nature conservation and sustainable development objectives, but reflection on the conditions under which this would happen is needed. This article examines aquaculture systems through the lens of the NbS concept and the IUCN Global Standard for NbS™, along with other sustainability concepts and instruments currently used in the context of aquaculture. The application of the IUCN Global Standard for NbS™’s to two case studies is explored: seaweed farming in Zanzibar in marine conservation areas and shrimp farming coupled with mangrove restoration in Indonesia. The results show that the NbS concept underpinning the IUCN Global Standard for NbS™ could help in the overall assessment of aquaculture systems and improve their sustainability by highlighting both their positive outcomes and issues requiring further examination in relation to marine biodiversity benefits, socio-economic development, and/or governance. The IUCN Global Standard for NbS™ could provide an operational framework to implement existing concepts, such as the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture, contribute to clarifying critical issues in aquaculture development, and provide guidance for the development of a new type of aquaculture project, specifically designed as NbS. This finding advocates the context-dependent exploration and promotion of aquaculture projects as NbS.

Surf Conservation Index: Mapping priority zones for surf protected areas in Mexico

A set of indicators was applied to 173 surf breaks in Mexico to help identify priority subregions for surf conservation. The surf conservation index developed consists of pressure, state, and response subindexes, with four scores ranging from very low priority to high priority. Priority surf breaks were defined as the surf breaks where high biodiversity overlaps with high-quality waves, reliance on tourism for income/ economic activity, and low environmental pressure. The highest priority surf breaks for conservation were found in the Gulf of California, followed by the Central-South Pacific coast. Pressure values show that a majority of surf breaks in Mexico are still in an area with low pressure or low population. Most surf breaks have relatively little coastal development and harbors or big cities. The biodiversity subindex, which considers both marine and adjacent terrestrial areas, shows that the highest biodiversity values are found in only 11% of all surf breaks, although 42% of surf breaks have at least half of their marine or terrestrial buffer in biodiversity conservation priority zones, showing a non-negligible presence in critical ecosystems. Overall, the surf break subindex values were generally high and stable, while a majority of surf breaks stand out for having a relatively important proportion of workers employed in tourism. Response analysis shows that only 3.5% of the total listed surf breaks in Mexico are already under a legal protected area framework. A strategy is needed to ensure that surfing, as a recreational activity, and surf breaks, as a natural resource, are considered in present and future management plans. Mexico finds itself at a crossroads as it aims to strengthen surf conservation efforts and preserve these unique coastal socio-ecosystems while also contributing to the sustainable development of local coastal communities.

Community-based tourism as social entrepreneurship promoting sustainable development in coastal communities: a study in Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam

Community-based tourism as social entrepreneurship promoting sustainable development in coastal communities: a study in Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam

Local Wisdom for Economic Development of Coastal Communities and Their Problems

This study analyzed forms of local wisdom in Lamalera on whaling, the role of the Lamalera locals in whaling, factors influencing Lamalera locals in whaling and, the consequences and solutions to the factors that influence the Lamalera community in whaling. The researchers used the ethnographic approach and the Sustainable Levelihood Approach (SLA). The results showed that the form of local wisdom in whaling, namely the whaling tradition (Leva Nuang) became a life strategy for the Lamalera community in the form of local wisdom which was marked by the activities of the fishing process, traditional whaling management processes and markets barter. the whaling tradition is a customary tradition that is still maintained to this day. Factors triggering the Lamalera community to carry out whaling activities, namely social capital, namely building harmonious family relationships between fellow Lamalera communities, even with mountain communities, the role of traditional institutions and religious institutions. The Lamalera people also believe that there is land and sea relations and customary norms that become the basis for the life of the Lamalera people in the sea, namely: Prohibition to catch pregnant whales, prohibition to catch blue whales (Klaru), whales must be respected, not allowed to continue chasing whales when they find hills or land in the middle of the sea, and in the sea the fishermen must look at the cardinal directions, if the sun sets the fish being chased must be released. (4) sometimes the Lamalera fishing community ignores this, such as when the community catches pregnant whales.

CONCEPTS, PRACTICES AND LEGAL AWARENESS OF ETHICS AND INTEGRITY AMONGST KG. SEBERANG TAKIR’S COASTAL COMMUNITY MEMBERS, KUALA NERUS, MALAYSIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER.

Ethics and integrity are important to community development because they influence the success of numerous forms of public and private development assistance programs. However, there is inadequate research on ethics and integrity in the context of coastal community development in Malaysia. Hence, this preliminary research’s main objective is to get an initial picture of the state of understanding of the concepts, practices and legal awareness on ethics and integrity amongst Seberang Takir’s coastal community members; where downward mobility is prevalent among inshore fishermen, labourers and small traders. Intense urbanization and drastic increases in tourism and commercial activities means that the success of community development programs depends on the recipients’ ability not only to uphold ethics and integrity in their daily lives, but also to monitor actions and decisions of other stakeholders as well. This preliminary study uses convenience sampling comprising 23 participants who are government officials, university students and committee members of a mosque at Seberang Takir in the Kuala Nerus district. A Google Form questionnaire comprising seven questions specifically on ethics and integrity, and seven questions on law reveals notable findings, showing that: (i) professing to ethics and integrity does not prevent respondents from ethical misconducts; (ii) 41.1% of respondents are ambivalent, in agreement and strongly in agreement of unqualified people getting various types of government assistance; (iii) 52.2% agree and strongly agree that leaders of organizations/community groups should compromise ethics and integrity if doing so means that the quality of life of their members/subordinates can be improved; and (iv) there is a clear splitting of views amongst respondents on transgressing against ethics and integrity even if no law is broken. This explains why despite the high level of trust that they have in the law, more than 90% agree and strongly agree that the law in Malaysia is still not effective and must be amended. Hence, it is imperative that participants’ levels of understanding on ethics, integrity and law be increased through knowledge transfer so that the concerns identified above can be rectified.

Awig-Awig Management of Marine and Fisheries Resources West Lombok

Awig-awig as the foundation of local wisdom, including in the management of marine and fisheries resources in West Lombok. The awig-awig arrangements include the prohibition of bombing and potassium, zoning of fishing groups, pumice waste, and the collection of marine coral. Awig-awig is written as a guideline in fisheries management as a form of sustainable coastal community development. Awig-Awig as a form of collective awareness of the community whose obedience is very large which has adapted to the conditions of the local community.

Analysis of Coastal Community Development in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the level of community development of the coastal areas of Makassar city. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method with an inductive approach. The data sources in this study are the management of each institution, empowered community members, government officials of Makassar city, and the Non-Government Organizations who implement activities in coastal communities. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative data analysis and comparative case study. The results showed that economic development could be felt by traders and economic actors around the reclamation area, while shellfish-seeking fishing communities are experiencing difficulties because of reclamation. The institutional role in the development of tourism in the city of Makassar is still dominated by government agencies; the role is continually active, especially in programs and policies, while implementing many conducted by private parties. The development of marine tourism in coastal areas and small islands is one of the latest approaches to coastal communities. This is a manifestation of the community’s desire to maintain the existence of coastal and marine natural resources for the fulfillment of their needs to be utilized sustainably.

Monitoring Shoreline and Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Sandbanks Provincial Park Using Remote Sensing and Climate Data

Climate change-driven forces and anthropogenic interventions have led to considerable changes in coastal zones and shoreline positions, resulting in coastal erosion or sedimentation. Shoreline change detection through cost-effective methods and easy-access data plays a key role in coastal management, where other effective parameters such as land-use/land-cover (LULC) change should be considered. This paper presents a remotely sensed shoreline monitoring in Sandbanks Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, from 1984 to 2021. The CoastSat toolkit for Python and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network classifier were used for shoreline detection, and an unsupervised change detection framework followed by a postclassification change detection method was implemented for LULC classification and change detection. The study assessed the recent coastal erosion and accretion trends in the region in association with spatiotemporal changes in the total area of the West and East Lakes, the transition between LULC classes, extreme climate events, population growth, and future climate projection scenarios. The results of the study illustrate that the accretion trend apparently can be seen in most parts of the study area since 1984 and is affected by several factors, including lake water-level changes, total annual precipitations, sand movements, and other hydrologic/climatic parameters. Furthermore, the observed LULC changes could be in line with climate change-driven forces and population growth to accelerate the detected accretion trend in the East and West Lakes. In total, the synergistic interaction of the investigated parameters would result in a greater accretion trend along with a lower groundwater table amid even a low carbon scenario. The discussed findings could be beneficial to regional/provincial authorities, policymakers, and environmental advocates for the sustainable development of coastal communities.

Responsible supply systems for macroalgae: Upscaling seaweed cultivation in Ireland

To address societal challenges and attend to the increasing demand for seaweed while avoiding the over-exploitation of wild resources, the future expansion of the Irish seaweed industry depends on upscaling macroalgal cultivation. Through an interdisciplinary research approach, this study aimed to conduct an in-depth investigation of the prospects of upscaling seaweed aquaculture in Ireland through the lens of sustainability management. The identification of responsibilities of emerging enterprises was aligned with socio-ecological dimensions of sustainability and found to be related to: 1) the natural environment, 2) the development of rural coastal communities, 3) the engagement with local actors and 4) the customer segment. Moreover, seaweed cultivation still faces many uncertainties and bottlenecks from the operational up to institutional levels. Distinct from seaweed collected from the wild, cultivated seaweed has more phases added to the supply chain cycle. This includes, for example, the optimal site selection, the granting of an aquaculture licence and potentially social licence to operate, seed supply, and optimal timing for cultivation or harvest depending on the species, processing capacity and end-uses. The results contribute to an enhanced and holistic understanding of macroalgal cultivation in Ireland, as well as the social responsibility of emerging enterprises over socio-ecological systems and for the establishment of new supply chains based on seaweed. This can help to guide better decision-making of prospective growers, certification bodies, and policymakers in Ireland and beyond.

Ancient DNA evidence for the ecological globalization of cod fishing in medieval and post-medieval Europe.

Understanding the historical emergence and growth of long-range fisheries can provide fundamental insights into the timing of ecological impacts and the development of coastal communities during the last millennium. Whole-genome sequencing approaches can improve such understanding by determining the origin of archaeological fish specimens that may have been obtained from historic trade or distant water. Here, we used genome-wide data to individually infer the biological source of 37 ancient Atlantic cod specimens (ca 1050–1950 CE) from England and Spain. Our findings provide novel genetic evidence that eleventh- to twelfth-century specimens from London were predominantly obtained from nearby populations, while thirteenth- to fourteenth-century specimens were derived from distant sources. Our results further suggest that Icelandic cod was indeed exported to London earlier than previously reported. Our observations confirm the chronology and geography of the trans-Atlantic cod trade from Newfoundland to Spain starting by the early sixteenth century. Our findings demonstrate the utility of whole-genome sequencing and ancient DNA approaches to describe the globalization of marine fisheries and increase our understanding regarding the extent of the North Atlantic fish trade and long-range fisheries in medieval and early modern times.

Conceptualization of NEXUS elements in the marine environment (Marine NEXUS)

The conflict activities observed in the marine environment, such as renewable energy production, aquaculture and tourism, highlight the need for more coherent management at the cross-sectoral level so that human activities in the ocean can be carried out in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. Along these lines, this paper focuses on identifying the interlinkages between the main natural resources in the marine environment, namely water, energy, marine land use, food and climate, by considering them to be nexus elements (Marine NEXUS). In addition, it tries to determine the interactions among them in order to identify the pressures on marine natural resources and their potential for use in the development of coastal communities. An analysis of the estimated interlinkages and complex pathways is performed, based on their impacts on every aspect of the marine environment in Greece. One of the main conclusions drawn from this analysis is that seawater has a very strong impact on food (i.e. the fisheries and aquaculture, in comparison with energy production in the sea). The choice of activities that may be implemented in the oceans (land use element) has a great impact on the food (e.g. fish quantities) and water (e.g. marine pollution) elements of the Marine NEXUS. The influences and the dependences of these five elements are quantified in order to show that the efficient management of natural resources requires a holistic approach that considers the cumulative impacts of the complex interactions among them.

Leadership management of village heads based on soft skill development of coastal communities in Indonesia

This study aims to map the soft skills of the coastal area community’s potentials through leadership management of the village heads to be innovative to develop the village growth in the coastal area of northern Indonesia. The study relied on a survey with a mixed method. It involved villagers in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, as the population and 33 villagers (village heads, village officials, prominent figures, and villagers) as the sample. It was found that village heads’ leadership management in soft skill development of community potentials based on the village innovation system in the coastal area arrives at a good category. Further, this study found that the village heads’ leadership management in managing potential soft skills and characteristics of village communities in coastal areas based on village innovation systems in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, was in the good category with a percentage of 71.4%. This percentage is obtained through several indicators, i.e., (1) leadership management with 76.3% (good category); (2) village head strategy with 75.4%; and (3) innovation system with 66.2% (good category). It is expected that it can be further improved through other indicators apart from the grand design and the analysis of village heads’ leadership management model in managing soft skills of potentials and characteristics of the village community in the coastal area based on village innovation systems. Acknowledgment We would like to express our gratitude to the Head of the Faculty, the Dean of the Faculty of Education, Village Head, and District Head, Local and Provincial Government for the implementation of this study.