Development Of Clinical Psychology Research Articles

Clinical psychology in Lithuania

The situation and development of clinical psychology in Lithuania is inextricably related to the socio-political situation of the country and its rather dramatic history. The article describes the beginnings of Professional psychology in Lithuania after re-establishing and independent state in 1918, the situation of psychology under the soviet occupation, the beginning of clinical psychology, the new development of clinical psychology after regaining independence in 1 991, and the present situations and problems of clinical psychology in Lithuania.

THE STORY OF THE MIND: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Abstract. Persons have a curious dual nature. On the one hand, they are subjects, whose actions must be explained in terms of beliefs, desires, plans, and goals. At the same time, however, they also are physical objects, whose actions must be explicable in terms of physical laws. So far no satisfying account of this duality has been offered. Both Cartesian dualism and the modern materialist alternatives (reductionist and antireductionist) have failed to capture the full range of our experience of persons. I argue that an exciting new approach to this difficulty can be found by considering developments in clinical psychology. The clinical debate between those endorsing biological models of mental illness and those endorsing psychodynamic models mirrors broader debates in the philosophy of mind. The possible resolution of this debate through the development of integrated psychobiological models suggests a promising way to reconcile the dual nature of persons in a far more appealing way than any yet proposed.

Some thoughts on the development of clinical psychology in primary care

Some thoughts on the development of clinical psychology in primary care

The development of clinical psychology and its values*

The development of clinical psychology and its values*

Developments in clinical psychology

Developments in clinical psychology

History of Research Centers and Professional Hypnosis Societies in the United States

The brief history of hypnosis in America begins with William James's chapter in his Principles of Psychology that got hypnosis off to a good start as a legitimate part of psychology. In the 20th century, before World War II, the idea of performing scientific investigations of hypnosis took place at Harvard University through William McDougall, at the University of Wisconsin and Yale University under Clark Hull, and, in its clinical aspects particularly, through the personal efforts of Milton H. Erickson. The resurgence after World War II is related to the use of hypnosis with war casualties during the war and with the development of clinical psychology. The aspects of the history emphasized here are the founding of continuing institutes and research centers, some theoretical cleavages that have persisted to this day, and the establishment of hypnosis societies with their journals, annual meetings, and workshops, including an International Society of Hypnosis. The history of Division 30 within the American Psychological Association brings the story up to date.

TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL PROFESSION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: AN ANGLO‐SWEDISH PERSPECTIVE

Previous reviews of the international trends in the development of clinical psychology as a profession have identified the United Kingdom and the Nordic States as countries where the role of the psychologist is approximating that in North America. The article presents a review of the historical and current influences on the development of clinical psychology in the United Kingdom and in Sweden. In Europe, where clinical psychology is mainly a Health Service profession rather than a private practice, independence of the management and medical responsibility of the psychiatrist has become more of a key issue. Of the two major ‘schools’ of clinical psychology, identified in Britain with the behavioral approach of the Maudsley Institute of Psychiatry and the psychodynamic approach of the Tavistock Clinic, the behavioral school tended to dominate in Britain until the 1970s. In Sweden, the psychodynamic approach importing many of the aspects of British Object Relations Theory, gained ascendence. This resulted in a split between the more academic form of clinical psychology in Sweden, which had produced research of international importance (e.g. the role of psychological factors in stress‐related illness), and professional education in psychology with its emphasis on psychotherapeutic training. Whereas in Britain, during the 1970s, clinical psychology broke away from psychiatry, became more eclectic, and entered the general medical and health areas, these changes failed to take place in Sweden. On the other hand, private practice amongst psychologists in Sweden has shown a dramatic increase during recent years and there are now some clear trends towards eclecticism in the education of psychologists. The issue of medical responsibility remains unresolved in Sweden. That British clinical psychology has reached more progressive and cordial professional relationships in this respect may be, in part, due to the status of the scientist‐practitioner role that the initial behavioral emphasis achieved. The major contributions of and trends in British and Swedish clinical psychology are discussed with a view to identifying international trends.

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Cognitive Foundations of Clinical Psychology. By Chris Brewin.Cognitive—Behavioral Therapy with Families. Edited by Norman Epstein, Stephen Schlesinger & Windy Dryden.Community Care in Practice Services for the Continuing Care Client. Edited by T. Lavender & F. Holloway.Tomorrow I'll be Slim: The Psychology of Dieting. By Sara Gilbert.Cerebral Hemisphere Function in Depression. Edited by M. Kinsbourne.Clinical Psychology in Action: A Collection of Case Studies. Edited by Jenny West & Penny Spinks.New Developments in Clinical Psychology, vol. 2. Edited by Fraser Watts.

Psychology for Medicine. By T. W. Robbins and P. J. Cooper. (Pp. 310; illustrated; £11.95 pb.) Edward Arnold: London. 1988. - New Developments in Clinical Psychology, Vol. 2. Edited by F. N. Watts. (Pp. 284; illustrated; £29.50.) The British Psychological Society, with John Wiley: Chichester. 1988. - Psychological Problems in Primary Health Care. By E. Button. (£12.95.) Croom Helm: Beckenham,

Psychology for Medicine. By T. W. Robbins and P. J. Cooper. (Pp. 310; illustrated; £11.95 pb.) Edward Arnold: London. 1988. - New Developments in Clinical Psychology, Vol. 2. Edited by F. N. Watts. (Pp. 284; illustrated; £29.50.) The British Psychological Society, with John Wiley: Chichester. 1988. - Psychological Problems in Primary Health Care. By E. Button. (£12.95.) Croom Helm: Beckenham,

New Developments in Clinical Psychology. Edited by F. N. Watts. (Pp. 275; £15.00.) British Psychological Society/John Wiley & Sons: Chichester. 1985.

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Clinical child psychology training and credentialing

Issues of credentialing and training for child clinical psychology are being debated which have implications for curriculums decisions in university programs. The current trends are examined against the background factors prominent in the development of clinical psychology. The viability of various models is discussed, as well as credentialing procedures which are likely to be utilized.

Thirty Years of Clinical Psychology in China

This paper summarizes briefly the development of clinical psychology in the past thirty years. The work in the fields of psychotherapy, the psychological causes and traits in neurosis, the psychopathological traits in psychosis, the psychological problems in acupuncture anaesthesia, and the psychological diagnosis in children with mental deficiency is reviewed.

New developments in clinical psychology.

AbstractDespite great popularity, the field of clinical psychology has been undergoing severe internal struggles. The model of a clinical psychologist as scientist first and practitioner second has steadily eroded. Recent trends have included the development of professional schools for clinical psychologists that stress practical training for the rendering of professional services to people in difficulty, a general deemphasis in diagnostic testing, flexibility in intermingling various psychotherapeutic modalities, greater interest by professionals in community approaches, and consultation and prevention.The author sees the long‐range development of clinical psychology as the study of community processes and interventions at the community level. In the immediate future, clinical psychologists could with benefit utilize the approaches and philosophy of community psychology in their work with individuals and groups.

Some personal comments on the Development of Clinical Psychology

Some personal comments on the Development of Clinical Psychology

A brief history of clinical psychology.

Clinical psychologists have been surprisingly a historical. Very little thought has been given to, and less written about, the origin and development of clinical psychology. To capture in full measure the sweep and continuity of the history of clinical psychology is beyond the competence of the reviewer, to say nothing of space limitations. The psychometric tradition, one of the headwaters from which clinical psychology sprang, was, in turn, a part of the scientific tradition of the nineteenth century. It has been accepted by psychologists quite generally that the case leading to the founding of the first psychological clinic was treated by Lightner Witmer at the University of Pennsylvania in March 1896. Even a cursory examination of the early issues of the Psychological Clinic, a journal founded and edited by Witmer, will show that the work attempted in this clinic included referral to medical sources, the presence of social workers, and many other modern innovations discussed by the writer elsewhere.

Prof. Pierre Janet

PIEBRE JANET, who died in Paris on February 24 at the age of eighty-seven, played a notable part in the development of clinical psychology. He took a degree in philosophy in 1882, and some of his best work was done before taking his degree in medicine eleven years later. He held various academic posts before becoming a professor at the Sorbonne, and was for a time in charge of the psychological laboratory attached to the Salpetriere Clinic. It is not easy to trace his personal relationship with Charcot at that period, and their fundamental attitudes were very different. Thus, in his account of the controversy (c. 1886) when Bernheim showed that Charcot's phenomena of hysteria and hypnotism were artefacts, “the results of unskilled suggestion and involuntary training”, he wrote (“Principles of Psychotherapy”, trans., London, 1925 ; p. 30): “The victory of the animists was not well received, at least in the scientific world. They acknowledged it but deplored it. The doctrine of Charcot that it defeated was clear, definite, and easy to study ; it seemed to bring animal magnetism within the limits of physiology, and that looked like scientific progress.”

Recent developments in clinical psychology.

Recent developments in clinical psychology.