Development Of Civil Society Institutions Research Articles

Economic Aspects of the Development of Civil Society Institutions in the Late Imperial Period on the Example of the Smolensk House of Diligence

The study of the history of charity makes it possible to more accurately identify the initial period of the creation of the foundations of civil society in Russia. The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Smolensk House of Diligence as an example of charitable practice in the Russian Empire of the late XIX – early XX century. Using a specific example, the author examines the history of the creation and development of houses of diligence in the regional plane, their role in public life and their influence on the formation of basic narratives of civil society in the imperial reality of that period. Special attention is paid to the analysis of economic aspects within the framework of the Smolensk House of Diligence and their role in the formation of new principles of “non-pedigree” communication in the society of post-reform Russia. The study allows the author to conclude that the study of projects such as the activities of charitable societies through the prism of economic history makes it possible to more fully assess them in the context of the power aspirations of local social groups and the importance of these actors in the formation of civil society in the late Imperial period.

STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: COOPERATION AND INTERCONNECTION

Civil society is an important component of a legal and democratic state and therefore, in modern government policy, it is necessary to increase the role of civil society and implement a number of reforms. Modern times are characterised by a tendency to identify innovative channels for ensuring interaction between civil society institutions and the state. These political and legal phenomena cannot develop separately from each other; their existence is due to development in tandem. The civilisation of a democratic state depends on the level of development of civil society institutions, their maturity and the possibility of real influence on political processes in the country. The study of the significance of such interaction and its effectiveness are of great importance for the issues of legal theory and practice, however it is also the subject of numerous discussions.

ЗЕМЕЛЬНІ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ: РОЗМЕЖУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНОЇ, АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОЇ І ДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ

The constitutional principles of a democratic and legal state guide the development of Ukraine in the direction of people’s rule and a legal state. Therefore, the subsystem of legal norms regulating homogeneous relations in the sphere of public and state maintenance of law and order acquires special importance for the materialization of formal and declarative norms about a democratic and legal state. Therefore, it is relevant to substantiate the need to separate the rules (norms) of public (public) order and disciplinary responsibility for their violation from the branches of administrative legislation into a separate branch according to the postulates of law. It is appropriate that the state regulation of behavior in public (public) places should be set out in the Code of Public Order. And the norms regulating responsibility for land, forest, air, etc. misdemeanors were transferred to the basic codes regulating legal relations in the relevant spheres of socio-economic life. At the same time, the primary task is to update and reform legislation based on the postulates and axioms of legal theories. The formation and development of civil society, organized into a democratic, social, legal state, in accordance with the principle of popular sovereignty, leads to changes in the very essence of delictological legal relations, a return to the postulates of legal theory (in the context of revived natural law). The separation of prescriptions and sanctioned customs of public order into an independent branch of law by including public rules regulating this order in its institutions forms a system of norms of public legal order. The proposed differentiation and systematization of legal responsibility is the basis for bringing the legal system into compliance with the axioms of the theory of law (jurisprudence) based on the postulates of Roman civil law. This will contribute to the improvement of both public order, in particular, and the development of civil society institutions, democracy, and the establishment of the rule of law in general. As well as the humanization of legal responsibility, the spread of educational and psychological measures of social (moral) responsibility, the strengthening of the discipline of social coexistence, the education of citizens’ self-discipline as a component of individual legal awareness. The transfer of norms regarding the responsibility for land offenses of private law officials and citizens to the basic land code will allow to systematize and separate the norms regarding the direct administrative responsibility of public law officials (state authorities, local self-government bodies) for illegal actions (inaction), land offenses in the field of management. Key words: legal responsibility, criminal offense, administrative offense, land offenses, land offenses in the field of management, public order, public misdemeanor.

Тенденции и противоречия современного семейного воспитания в Российской Федерации: ценностно-смысловой аспект

The article presents the priority directions for the development of family education in the Russian Federation, taking into account the modern socio-cultural reality. The problematic trends that caused the crisis phenomena in the sphere of state family policy in Russia are analyzed. The discussion issues discussed during monitoring studies by various sociological platforms on the problems of the family institute are considered. The thesis is put forward about the need to enrich the family education system with value-semantic, human-centered content through the development of civil society institutions whose activities are aimed at popularizing traditional values and norms. Conclusion dwells upon the necessity and significance of developing prognostic, multidimensional studies as part of strengthening the structure of the school educational segment related to the transmission of knowledge about humanistic, universal values of native history and culture; organization of the Public Council for discussing problems and developing the foundations of educational and moral values of youth, including generalization of the best practices of family education and their replication in the subjects of the Russian Fed-eration.

Formation of civil society in Ukraine in the post-soviet period

The article analyzes the main stages of formation of civil society in Ukraine since independence. Formation of the third sector, shown by the authors against the background of state policy in this area and political events in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian legislation, the study identifies the main stages of state policy in the field of promoting the development of civil society institutions. The analysis of statistical sources helped to establish not only the quantitative characteristics of the development of civil society institutions, but also to identify the main areas of their activities. Researchers conclude that civil society in Ukraine has developed over a long period of time against the background of sometimes contradictory state policy in this area and the lack of a broad social base for the activities of public organizations. As large masses of active, purposeful, motivated citizens who were not members of public organizations, became not only the driving force of the two revolutions to return to the ideals of freedom and equality, but also hinder the emergence of authoritarianism, and now the occupation of the country in Russian-Ukrainian war.

International cooperation of subjects of public control: towards the formulation of the problem

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of international cooperation of subjects of public control. The author substantiates the role and importance of the institution of public control in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation, protection and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and public participation in the management of state affairs. The paper notes the importance of organizing and implementing international cooperation of subjects of public control in order to achieve such goals as combining efforts and increasing efficiency in the organization and activities of subjects of public control. At the same time, the article classifies the forms of such international cooperation of subjects of public control, in particular, it highlights: their participation in international conferences, symposiums; participation in international associations and unions of subjects of public control; participation of certain types of public associations in the work of international non-governmental organizations whose activities are aimed at the development of civil society institutions. A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, in particular: comparative legal; historical legal; statistical; sociological; formal logical; method of analyzing specific practical situations. The article formalizes and analyzes the main problems preventing the optimal participation of Russian subjects of public control in international cooperation, in particular: the lack of formalization of this institution of civil society in the country's Constitution; the failure to consolidate in the legislation on public control the legal foundations governing the grounds, limits and forms of the above-mentioned cooperation; weak use of positive foreign experience of cooperation of civil society subjects whose activities are aimed at organizing and exercising control over the apparatus of public power; weak financing of Russian subjects of public control; the risk of using international cooperation of Russian subjects of public control to undermine the national security of the Russian Federation. The work has developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by making appropriate amendments and additions to the Constitution of Russia and legislation.

"FUQAROLIK JAMIYATI INSTITUTLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING DOLZARB MASALALARI"

"FUQAROLIK JAMIYATI INSTITUTLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING DOLZARB MASALALARI"

The specific character of the contemporary Russian youth policy in the context of problematization of the youth subjectness principle

The aim of the article is to consider the specific character of youth policy in contemporary Russia by retrospectively analyzing its establishment, its laws and regulations, its theories (types and models) conceptualized depending on youth perception patterns (as a problem or resource), the place and role of youth (as a subject or object). The action-activity-based approach, rooted in the ideas of leading sociologists P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, P. Sztompka, serves as methodological framework. Results: The dependence of the youth policy on the president’s agenda, its secondariness, its non-publicity and uninformativity, governmental-paternalistic focus, abundant fictions and simulations, archaism, marketing logic, etc. have been revealed. These features are attributable to substitution of youth policy for its specific format – state (government) youth policy. As corrective measures, it is proposed to make the youth subjectness principle real (through the development of civil society institutions). Conclusion: Considering that the identified problems stem from the dissonance between the youth subjectness principle declared in the scientific-theoretical discourse and regulatory environment and the absence of political will and conditions for actualizing this principle, the hope for fundamental transformation of the Russian youth policy is premature.

РОЛЬ МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОЇ ПРАВОСВІДОМОСТІ ТА МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ У ПРОЦЕСАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГЛОБАЛІСТСЬКОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ГРОМАДИ

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical substantiation of the role of municipal legal awareness and municipal psychology in the processes of forming the globalist potential of the territorial community. In domestic jurisprudence, the topic is investigated for the first time. The author connects the emergence and formation of the globalist potential of the territorial community, firstly, with the formation and development of the system of local self-government in Ukraine as a virtually new political and administrative phenomenon, which actually determined the formation of a system of public power in the post-Soviet state (public state power + public self-government /municipal/ power) and constitutional-legal institution, which led to powerful and systematic municipalization of all aspects of public and state life. The result of such permanent and systemic influence was not only the formation of a system of municipal legal relations in the state and at the level of numerous territorial communities (between their residents-members, between them and local self-government bodies, between them and civil society institutions, between local self-government bodies of various levels , between them and other bodies representing public state power, etc.), but also in fact revolutionary changes in social consciousness (awareness of law) and in social psychology. The author claims that at the first stage of such changes there was a multi-level formation of the municipal consciousness of the population in the form of individual, group and collective forms, which became the objectified result of the constant existence and functioning of a person, his groups and associations in the conditions of local democracy within the boundaries of the territorial community in the philosophical state of everyday life - that is, where a person carries out his life cycle in the process of realizing his existential interests (existential-functional and existential-activity dominants). The second stage is related to the active position of the state regarding further legalization in the form of regulation, norm design (law design) and rule-making (law-making) of various aspects of the formation, development and improvement of the legal status of local self-government, its bodies and subjects (national-legalization dominant), including the fulfillment of the state's international legal obligations in the field of local democracy, which it undertook under the multilateral international treaties signed by it (internationally mandatory dominant). So, at this stage, we are talking about the further development and improvement of municipal legal awareness (normative-psychological dominant) in the context of solving the teleological task of forming municipal psychology (attitudes as social-behavioral guidelines, various habits as typified forms of practical activity) of a person (personality, resident a member of the TG), its groups and associations within the framework of the formation and development of civil society institutions and their further institutionalization into parallel meta- and para-structures of local, regional and national, within the state, social-management, outside the state-legal influence, conglomerate (psycho-activity dominant). Considering the functional purpose of municipal legal consciousness through the disclosure of its functions, the author emphasizes the evolutionary features of the formation of such a form of legal consciousness, which are in the preserved traditions of municipal development and achieved innovations in municipal construction, and also, taking into account their typicality for all human communities, significantly influence the formation their globalist potential.

CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS: DIFFERENTIATION OF PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS

The subject of the research is conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations of formation and development of civil society institutions, paying attention to certain spheres of social relations within the framework of functioning of civil society institutions (for example, anti-corruption, penitentiary). Methodology: general and special methods of scientific research were used in this study. The method of comparison was used to summarize the approaches of various researchers on the main dominants of the implementation of the concept of public involvement in solving cases of state and municipal importance. Analysis was used to determine quantitative and qualitative parameters that characterize the specifics of the influence of civil society institutions on social relations in the sphere of corruption prevention and ensuring the rights of prisoners. Induction and deduction were used to identify approaches to the main dominant legal forms of interaction between civil society institutions, state authorities and local self-government. The results of the study showed that the role of civil society institutions in Ukraine has increased due to the institutionalization of public control over the activities of public authorities, the definition of new forms and principles of interaction between the public and public authorities, as well as facilitating the activities of non-governmental organizations. Conclusion. It has been established that the forms of interaction between civil society institutions and state and municipal institutions are regulated exclusively at the level of subordinate acts, or are not defined at all. Attention is drawn to the expediency: the development by individual charitable organizations of their own charitable programs, which will reflect a set of charitable activities aimed at solving problems, relevant to the statutory objectives of the organization in order to structure and openness of their work; formation of public education in the field of combating corruption through the implementation of educational programs; introduction of an additional public institution aimed at the correction and resocialization of prisoners.

THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR STRENGTHENING THE INTERACTION OF THE STATE WITH CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN BUILDING UKRAINIAN DEMOCRACY

In the provisions of the scientific article, the author analyzes the National Program for Strengthening the Interaction of the State with Civil Society Institutions. Methods and techniques of research are selected in accordance with the purpose and objectives of research due to the peculiarities of the chosen topic. When writing the article, the descriptive method was used in its analytical and systematic orientation, as well as definitional, contextual, comparative, structural analysis, interpretive analysis of the content of the studied legal document. The author noted the importance of adopting the National Program for Strengthening the Interaction of the State with Civil Society Institutions for the development of civil society institutions in modern Ukrainian realities. The advantages and disadvantages of the content of the National Program are identified. The main provisions to be provided in the updated version of the Program are presented. In the future, it is advisable to focus on monitoring the effectiveness of the National Program in order to form a holistic view of the impact of the document on the state of interaction between the state and civil society institutions.

Территориальное общественное самоуправление в документах стратегического планирования

The article studies and systematizes the trends in the institutional development of territorial public self-government in the course of reforming the territorial foundations of local self-government in Russia, as well as the features of reflecting these trends in strategic planning documents adopted by state authorities and local governments. It is proved that the legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation mainly establish a system of institutions that ensure the development and integration of territorial public self-government within the subject of the Russian Federation, the delimitation of powers in the field of development of territorial public self-government, measures of state support for territorial public self-government. Municipal programs for the development of TPS are more diverse both in content and in their legal form, namely, there are three approaches to building such programs: TPS development as part of the program for the development of civil society institutions as a whole; development programs with NGOs and TPS; development programs exclusively TPS. At the same time, the latest trend in the legal regulation of territorial public self-government is its recognition as a subject - a participant in the relations of strategic development of the municipality.

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE INTERACTION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES WITH THE ELEMENTS OF CIVIL SOCIETY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

The importance of the development of civil society institutions in modern conditions is noted. Emphasis is placed on the formal participation of citizens in public policy through the collection of their proposals. The importance of implementing the practice of holding local referendums was emphasized. Significant development of the non-governmental sector, volunteer movement, and registered public organizations at the regional level is highlighted. Significant problems in regions with a high level of sociological and political science education and science are pointed out. Program priorities and the potential effectiveness of program activities to promote the development of regional civil society are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the importance of educational activities for pupils, students, and other categories to ensure public awareness of the activities of civil society institutions. The conceptual model of increased efficiency of state-public collaboration in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that the most common practices of cooperation are personal meetings, participation in working groups and round tables, participation in events, organization of joint events, and participation in public consultations during the development of city development strategies and joint projects. The existing mechanisms of informing about the possibility of interaction of civil society institutions are noted. The main obstacles to establishing cooperation are presented. The reverse of the traditional construction concerning the influence of the public on the activities of the state is proposed. The descriptive method in its analytical and systematic focus, as well as contextual, component analysis, are used in the study.

Administrative mediation in the light of institutional transformations in Ukraine

The article highlights the social significance of administrative mediation, which consists in the organization and development of civil society institutions (for example, public associations of mediators), including their public control over public administration as a system of bodies and organizations designed to implement goals and objectives given by the political (representative) power of the state. With the help of administrative mediation, society can legally «signal» to the representative authorities about certain problems in public relations (for example, on the basis of depersonalized statistical information and reports provided by associations of mediators), eliminate and find compromise in overcoming shortcomings of public administration together with the government and, finally, to move the process of modernization of the executive branch towards finding consensus at all levels of interaction between the state and society. The article proposes the author’s definition of «administrative mediation» as an extra- judicial legal form of voluntary settlement of an administrative dispute involving two or more parties, one of which is a subject of power, and a professional mediator arising from a violation of administrative law. The article presents a number of special features and characteristics of administrative mediation, which, unlike other types of mediation, require the application of specific institutions. For instance: inequality of the parties, the dispute is based on the public interest; the principles of confidentiality and voluntariness are relative; complex structure of the mediator’s financial reward; requires the involvement of independent experts; special requirements for the mediator. The article proposes the criteria according to which an administrative dispute can or cannot be resolved through the procedure of administrative mediation. The article proposes a number of legislative initiatives regarding the institutionalization and development of the institution of administrative mediation in Ukraine. Among them, it is proposed to introduce a special section in the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine «Mediation» (as was done in Poland), where, among other things, clearly define the restrictive framework (criteria) for administrative disputes, according to which the procedure of administrative mediation can be applied.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE UNITED NATIONS

The article analyzes the role and tasks of the United Nations in supporting the development of civil society institutions in Uzbekistan, the large-scale socio-political, socio-economic, judicial, legal, democratic reforms and transformations carried out in the country.In Uzbekistan, human rights protection is seen as one of the priorities of interaction with the UN. At present, country has established a stable political system that meets modern criteria of democracy and human rights, the legislative, executive and judicial authorities of all levels are actively working. But most importantly, respect for the principles of the rule of law and human rights is being established in society.

ОПЫТ ИНИЦИАТИВНОГО БЮДЖЕТИРОВАНИЯ КАК ФОРМА ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ОРГАНОВ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ С НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ

On 1 January, 2021 amendments to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law of 6 October, 2003 No. 131-FL «General Principles of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation» came into force. The aim of the study is to consider the accumulation of practical experience in involving the population in solving issues of improvement at the municipal level as the basis for the formation of civil society and the creation of a legal basis for the application of proactive budgeting mechanisms at the federal and local levels. The article focuses on the issues of initiative budgeting, which makes it possible to ensure the participation of citizens in the budget process, involves taking into account the proposals of citizens when sending funds to solve problems relevant to a particular territory. All this is ultimately designed to increase the efficiency and transparency of spending budget funds, to ensure that the needs and wishes of residents are taken into account, which in turn provides an incentive for the development of civil society institutions, increases the accountability of the authorities to the population, promotes the development of communication and the establishment of "feedback" between the population and power. Initiative budgeting makes it possible to ensure the participation of citizens in the budget process, involves taking into account the proposals of citizens when allocating funds to solve problems that are relevant for a particular territory. The authors summarized the existing practice of the process of applying initiative budgeting in several municipalities of the Tambov region. All this is ultimately designed to increase the efficiency and transparency of spending budget funds, to ensure that the needs and wishes of residents are taken into account, which in turn provides an incentive for the development of civil society institutions, increases the accountability of the authorities to the population, promotes the development of communication and the establishment of "feedback" between the population and power.

Civil society institutions in the republic of Uzbekistan: Development prospects

The article analyzes the creation of the Public Chamber, its tasks in supporting the development of civil society institutions in Uzbekistan, the large-scale socio-political, socio-economic, judicial, legal, democratic reforms and transformations carried out in the country.

THE ROLE OF THE UN IN SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The article analyzes the role and tasks of the UN in supporting the development of civil society institutions in Uzbekistan, the large-scale socio-political, socio-economic, judicial, legal, democratic reforms and transformations carried out in the country.

Institutions of civil society in the process of implementation of European integration policy

The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of European integration processes on the development and diversity of civil society institutions in Ukraine. Methodology. The interdisciplinary approach to scientific knowledge in culturology, philosophy, political science, sociology has expanded the complex idea of ​​European integration criteria for the development of public institutions in Ukraine. The culturological method contributed to the introduction of data on the influence of civil society institutions on its development into the research structure. The method of statistical data analysis allowed us to trace the quantitative slice in the direction of increasing the institutions of civil society. The scientific novelty lies in the complexity of the approach to identifying synergies and interdependence of European integration and institutional citizenship processes in Ukraine. Conclusions. Realizing the national interests of Ukraine, the European choice opens new prospects for cooperation with the continent, promotes the development of civil society institutions, provides opportunities for economic progress, strengthens Ukraine's position in the world system of international relations, opens the way to collective structures of common security. Current trends in the development of civil society institutions in Ukraine in the context of European integration policy are: increasing the number of civil society institutions, flexibility of their response to public needs, different areas of their activities, media intensification in consolidating society, focusing on international legislation, use of grant projects; participation in international cultural practices. The scientific support of coordinated interaction of civil society with various branches of government on issues of European integration processes contributes to the improvement of the activity of civil society institutions. To do this, they use cultural, informational, consultative, dialogue, partnership tools for the implementation of European integration reforms in Ukraine. However, it is important to note that the interaction of Western states and civil society institutions is quite active and fruitful in contrast to the situation in Ukraine, where the state is interested in the development of these institutions, but they are not active enough in cooperation and positioning themselves in solving important problems, limited to the fragmentary participation in the life processes of the country.
 Keywords: civil society, non-governmental organizations, public institutions, European integration, cultural practices of Rivne region.

Практика ефективної взаємодії публічної влади і громадських організацій: європейський досвід для України

Проаналізовано практику ефективної взаємодії представників публічної влади і громадських організацій у суміжних із Україною країнах Європейського Союзу (далі – ЄС) Польщі, Угорщині, Румунії. Наголошено на тому, що інституції громадянського суспільства мають неабиякі соціально-психологічні переваги й суттєво впливають на розвиток публічно-інституційних відносин у державі. Доведено, що ефективна адаптація держави до вимог громадянського суспільства пришвидшує вдосконалення державної політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій. Визначено функціональний ланцюг сприяння, за яким проглядається логіка застосування міжнародного досвіду в українських реаліях: державна політика – законодавчі норми – громадянська ініціатива – практика публічної взаємодії. Наголошено на прикладах профільної взаємодії (приклад Румунії), ефективності процедури надання сервісних послуг та її діджиталізації (приклад Польщі) та скоординованої політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій (приклад Угорщини).