Development Of Civil Aviation Research Articles

The synergistic evolution of supply-demand composite system for airport green development: A case study in Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, China.

Given the pressing requirements for sustainable development in civil aviation, conducting a synergistic evolution analysis of the supply and demand aspects in the airport green development holds great significance. This analysis helps achieve sustainable airport development and facilitates the green transformation of civil aviation development. Taking a collaborative learning approach and utilizing historical data from Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport spanning 2008 to 2019, the supply-demand composite system for airport green development was deconstructed into two subsystems-demand and supply-and relevant evaluation index systems were established in this paper. A screening and optimization model of supply and demand synergy indicators for airport green development was constructed, and it was solved using a simulated annealing genetic algorithm. The Haken model was constructed to analyze the synergistic evolutionary relationship of the composite system of supply and demand for green airport development in two stages. The results indicate a shift in the order parameter of the co-evolution of the supply-demand composite system at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, moving from the demand subsystem in the first stage (2008-2015) to the supply subsystem in the second stage (2016-2019). The co-evolution of the airport supply-demand composite system has entered a new stage, but has not reached a high level of synergy. The study not only contributes theoretically by explaining the interaction mechanism between supply and demand for airport green development, but also offers targeted suggestions for achieving high-quality synergistic evolution of supply and demand for airport green development.

Probabilistic En Route Sector Traffic Demand Prediction Based on Quantile Regression Neural Network and Kernel Density Estimation

With the development of civil aviation in China, airspace congestion has become more and more serious and has gradually spread from airport terminal areas to en route networks. Traditionally, most prediction methods that obtain traffic flow data are based on the number of aircraft passing through an en route sector and require flight data to meet strict assumptions and conditions. While these methods are normally used in the actual operation of air traffic flow management departments in China, the results are not satisfactory due to the nonlinearity of traffic demand along en route sectors and the change in high-frequency noise. In order to refine aircraft control in airspace, it is necessary to predict traffic flow accurately. Thus, this paper proposes the quantile regression neural network and kernel density estimation method to obtain some quantiles of continuous traffic demand data in the future, which combines the strong nonlinear adaptive ability of neural networks with the ability of quantile regression to describe explanatory variables. By using these continuous conditional quantiles, we obtain the probability density function and probability density curve of the continuous traffic demand in the future using the kernel density estimation method. In this way, we can obtain not only a specific point prediction value and its change interval but also the probability of each value in the prediction change interval of traffic demand in the en route sector as well as a more accurate point prediction value for a specific day.

A Review of Transportation Aviation Operational Safety Research in China and the United States

According to relevant data from ICAO and China's civil aviation, the global aviation industry is in a gradual recovery phase. As the world's first and second largest aviation markets, China and the U.S. have extensive cooperation in a number of fields such as aircraft and airborne equipment manufacturing, pilot training, air traffic management, energy conservation and emission reduction. Working together to address challenges and accelerate economic recovery is the main theme of the world today, and is a common priority for the global civil aviation industry. China and the United States have the responsibility to cooperate in all aspects under the framework of ICAO's Global Development Initiative and play a greater role in the recovery and development of global civil aviation.

РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ

The development of civil aviation and the operation of any type of aircraft require their mandatory registration, because without this their operation is not allowed. Aircraft registration is a fundamentally important aspect that determines economic freedom and at the same time the level of safety of air transport management. The article provides an analysis of current conditions and procedures for registration of aircraft in various countries and focuses on critical factors and changes in this area at the present stage. The prerequisites and main problems in the field of organizing registration procedures in economic way are determined, in particular, the possibility of circumventing existing tax systems, losses of airlines associated with illegal actions of other states, as well as the continued existence of such companies in the current conditions. The ways to solve them are proposed, including continuing to improve the current tax system and budget financing of air enterprises, creating conditions for flights without financial and technical risks, through the formation of a secondary market for aircraft registered in the Russian Federation. The improvement of registration procedures is a component factor of a new stage in the development of civil aviation.

Limitation of Actions and Air Passenger Rights in Thailand: Importing the Law but Leaving Judicial Reasoning Behind

This article comparatively analyses limitations regarding the submission of passenger claims in Thailand and the EU. Thailand transposed EU Regulation 261/2004 on denied boarding, delay and cancellation of flights into its national law. Since EU Regulation 261/2004 does not contain any provision referring to a statute of limitations for legal actions, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) found that the limitation period was governed, and continues to be governed, by the domestic law of each Member State, as opposed to the Montreal Convention of 1999 which prescribes a single standard for limitation period. Despite importing this piece of secondary EU legislation, the Thai judicial branch has, so far, not followed the said CJEU judgment. The Thai court selected the two-year limitation period under its domestic law which implemented the Montreal Convention of 1999. Since this lack of harmonization does not benefit the orderly development of international civil aviation, this author suggests that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) should take action. Limitation of Actions, Air Passenger Rights, Thailand, Denied Boarding, Time Bar

CUMHURİYETİN 100. YILINDA TÜRK SİVİL HAVAYOLU TAŞIMACILIĞININ REKABET DİNAMİKLERİNİN DÖNEMSEL ANALİZİ

The aim of this study is to evaluate the development of Turkish civil aviation in the context of competitive dynamics. The research divides the 100-year history of the Republic into different periods, taking as milestones the major events affecting Turkish civil aviation. The research was based on archival sources, recent industry reports and supported by an extensive literature review. The results of the research indicate the existence of a small number of factors that constitute the dynamics of competition in Turkish civil aviation, which was still in its developmental stage in the early years of the Turkish Republic. During this period, foreign airlines first tried to enter the market through concessions. In the 1930s, the Turkish Airlines State Management Administration (THY) was established, which later continued its activities under the Turkish Airlines brand, and THY continued to exist on its own, except for small initiatives, until the 1980s. This situation led to the continuation of Turkish civil aviation in a monopolistic structure. With the liberalisation movements of 1983 and 2003, the nature of competition changed, the number of airlines increased and the competitive dynamics of the sector started to develop. The research is important in terms of presenting the competitive dynamics of Turkish civil air transport in a systematic way within the history of the Turkish Republic.

BIOTESTING OF SOIL CONDITIONS AT THE TERRITORIES ADJACENT TO AIRPORTS

The development of civil aviation is accompanied by a constant increase in man-made load on the environment. The application of methods of bioindication and biotesting of anthropogenic and technogenic influences on the ecosystem components is one of the possible options for monitoring the state of the environment at territories subject to technogenic stress due to the activities of environmentally hazardous enterprises. To study the level of man-made impact of airport activities on the state of the soil (namely, phytotoxicity), at the territory adjacent to the airport "Kyiv" named after I. Sikorskyi International Airport from the upper and lower levels at different distances from the airport runway (from 5 m to 2 km) soil samples were taken using the envelope method. As a control (conditionally clean soil), a soil sample collected at the territory of Holosiiv Park (soil type: dark gray forest soils) was used. In total, six soil samples were analyzed. On the third day of germination the growth characteristics of Allium cepa seedlings were determined. Test parameters that were used to determine the phytotoxic effect: the percentage of seed germination, namely the energy of its germination, the length of the root and the length of the stem. The analysis of the obtained data on the germination of Allium cepa seeds showed that the lowest germination was recorded for the soil samples that were taken at a distance of 5 and 1500 m from the runway, which indicates an increased level of phytotoxic impact due to the activities of the airport.
 The greatest phytotoxic effect for the stem of Allium cepa seedlings was observed for the soil sample located at a distance of 5 m from the ZPS. For soil samples taken at a distance of 5 m to 1000 m, i.e. with distance from the runway of the airport, a decrease in the level of phytotoxicity of the soil is observed. Only when approaching the highway (at a distance of 1,000 m to 2,000 m) there was observed an increase in phytotoxicity of the soil again.
 Among the investigated samples of meristem tissues, the presence of mitotic activity of cells was observed in the meristems of root tip samples of onion seedlings germinated on soil samples that were taken at a distance of 5 m, 1500 m and 2000 m from the airport. The determined mitotic indices (MI) for these soil samples are as following: for a soil sample taken at a distance of 5 m, it was 2.9 %; for a soil sample taken at a distance of 1500 m was 2.6 %; for a soil sample taken at a distance of 2000 m was 2.6 %. The research results confirm the need for constant monitoring of the soil condition at these technogenically loaded territories, in order to increase the level of environmental safety of these territories.

Непрерывный контроль психофизиологического состояния пилотов гражданской авиации в системе «экипаж–воздушное судно»

The paper investigates the methods of assessing civil aviation (CA) pilots’ psychophysiological state as part of the continuous monitoring of the “man-machine” system parameters when predicting the flight crew’s unregulated actions, identifying pilots’ reserve psychophysiological capabilities in known or special situations that arise during flight missions.
 Methods for assessing the psychophysiological state include a set of psychophysiological testing programmes combined with a predictive base to ensure the flight safety. These methods are based on analysing psychophysiological indicators collected from the flight crews under study, taking into account the professional suitability and time intervals of the crew’s readiness to perform flight tasks. The purpose of diagnostic procedures is to optimise and automate a set of measures for training flight personnel to ensure the flight safety.
 The article presents the relationship between psychophysiological signs of professional suitability and unsuitability, as well as the relationship between special training and psychophysiological indicators. Describing the main methods of psychophysiological state assessment is given.
 The necessity of improving the existing methods of assessing pilots’ condition is shown, since they do not always reflect the true indicators. Developing new techniques and improvement of existing ones are required to achieve more accurate and reliable results and to enhance the flight safety. Further research and development should take into account technological progress and changes in the aviation industry, including the ergonomic aspects of the crews’ workplaces of modern aircraft.
 In conclusion, the importance of developing and improving methods for assessing civil aviation pilots’ psychophysiological state is emphasized. Continuous monitoring and forecasting of pilots’ psychophysiological state are crucial for ensuring the flight safety, it will contribute to a more accurate assessment and management of risks associated with the human factor in aviation, and provide for the further development of civil aviation.

Airline scheduling optimization: literature review and a discussion of modelling methodologies

Abstract The rapid development of civil aviation in recent decades has not only led to increasing competition among airlines, but also to the rise of irregularities, with challenges concerning the improvement of regulations and schedules under the maximization of profitability. Consequently, the airline scheduling optimization problem has received significant research interest as the foundation for an efficient deployment of airline resources and meeting market demand under complex operational requirements. In this paper, we dissect fundamental airline scheduling problems by reviewing thirteen representative mathematical models for schedule design, fleet assignment, aircraft routing, crew scheduling subproblems and their potential for integration. In contrast to existing review studies on airline scheduling problems, our main contribution lies in the introduction of state-of-the-art mathematical models with a specific focus on integration and robustness. In addition, we highlight a set of promising, yet challenging, directions for future research in this domain.

Непрерывный контроль психофизиологического состояния пилотов гражданской авиации в системе «экипаж–воздушное судно»

The paper investigates the methods of assessing civil aviation (CA) pilots’ psychophysiological state as part of the continuous monitoring of the “man-machine” system parameters when predicting the flight crew’s unregulated actions, identifying pilots’ reserve psychophysiological capabilities in known or special situations that arise during flight missions.
 Methods for assessing the psychophysiological state include a set of psychophysiological testing programmes combined with a predictive base to ensure the flight safety. These methods are based on analysing psychophysiological indicators collected from the flight crews under study, taking into account the professional suitability and time intervals of the crew’s readiness to perform flight tasks. The purpose of diagnostic procedures is to optimise and automate a set of measures for training flight personnel to ensure the flight safety.
 The article presents the relationship between psychophysiological signs of professional suitability and unsuitability, as well as the relationship between special training and psychophysiological indicators. Describing the main methods of psychophysiological state assessment is given.
 The necessity of improving the existing methods of assessing pilots’ condition is shown, since they do not always reflect the true indicators. Developing new techniques and improvement of existing ones are required to achieve more accurate and reliable results and to enhance the flight safety. Further research and development should take into account technological progress and changes in the aviation industry, including the ergonomic aspects of the crews’ workplaces of modern aircraft.
 In conclusion, the importance of developing and improving methods for assessing civil aviation pilots’ psychophysiological state is emphasized. Continuous monitoring and forecasting of pilots’ psychophysiological state are crucial for ensuring the flight safety, it will contribute to a more accurate assessment and management of risks associated with the human factor in aviation, and provide for the further development of civil aviation.

Regarding the issue of jurisdiction in the field of combating acts of illegal interference in the activities of civil aviation

The present work is based on theoretical and empirical research. It should be notedthat along with the development of international civil aviation, the concepts: “Act of Unlawful Interference”and “Issues of Jurisdiction” are becoming increasingly popular. Illegal actions committed bypersons that threatened the safety of civil aviation and that affected the legal well-being of passengerson boards of aircrafts were not initially recognized at the legal level by international air law, therefore,it became problematic to qualify such actions, but due to the increased use of airspace and along withthe development of the transportation sector, it became necessary to form new approaches based onthe existing experience. This led to the creation of five conventions which are discussed in terms of theexercise of jurisdiction.

Extracting Domain-Specific Chinese Named Entities for Aviation Safety Reports: A Case Study

Aviation safety reports can provide detailed records of past aviation safety accidents, analyze their problems and hidden dangers, and help airlines and other aviation enterprises avoid similar accidents from happening again. In a novel way, we plan to use named entity recognition technology to quickly mine important information in reports, helping safety personnel improve efficiency. The development of intelligent civil aviation creates demands for the incorporation of big data and artificial intelligence. Because of the aviation-specific terms and the complexity of identifying named entity boundaries, the mining of aviation safety report texts is a challenging domain. This paper proposes a novel method for aviation safety report entity extraction. First, ten kinds of entities and sequences, such as event, company, city, operation, date, aircraft type, personnel, flight number, aircraft registration and aircraft part, were annotated using the BIO format. Second, we present a semantic representation enhancement approach through the fusion of enhanced representation through knowledge integration embedding (ERNIE), pinyin embedding and glyph embedding. Then, in order to improve the accuracy of specific entity extraction, we constructed and utilized the aviation domain dictionary which includes high-frequency technical aviation terms. After that, we adopted bilinear attention networks (BANs), the feature fusion approach originally used in multi-modal analysis, in our study to incorporate features extracted from both iterated dilated convolutional neural network (IDCNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) architectures. A case study of specific entity extraction for an aviation safety events dataset was conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm, with an F1 score reaching 97.93%, is superior to several baseline and advanced algorithms. Therefore, the proposed approach offers a robust methodological foundation for the relationship extraction and knowledge graph construction of aviation safety reports.

How does civil aviation achieve sustainable low-carbon development? — An abatement–cost perspective

With the rapid development of civil aviation, carbon emissions have brought severe environmental problems. Realizing efficient and sustainable carbon emission reduction is of great significance for achieving green development in civil aviation sector. Therefore, in the process of pursuing civil aviation carbon emission reduction goals, it is necessary to further consider how to achieve emission reduction at the lowest cost. Based on the accurate carbon emission performance evaluation, the carbon abatement cost among different representative airlines have been systematically compared. The main work and findings of this study can be summarized in the following three aspects. Firstly, a new nonparametric shadow price measurement method was constructed based on the Slacks-Based Measurement Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA). This can better reflect the essence of efficiency evaluation and the calculated shadow price results are more consistent with the real market. Secondly, the average value of carbon emission efficiency has experienced a fluctuating downward trend from 2011 to 2017, indicating that the carbon emission efficiency of global airlines has decreased. Thirdly, the average value of the shadow price is generally between 313.4 and 398.4 dollars/ton, showing an “up-down-up” trend, and reaching a peak of 398.4 dollars/ton in 2014. This can provide a basis for low-carbon policy makers in the civil aviation sector, and also provide reference for different types of airlines to achieve low-cost emission reduction.

ICAO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND COMPETENCE

The purpose of the study is a historical and law analysis of the historical background of the formation and development of the ICAO as well as a legal framework of its institutional framework and competence stipulated in the Chicago Convention. Research methods: the methodological background of this study includes methods of historicism, analytics, formal-dogmatic and systemic. Results: this year, the National Aviation University is celebrating its 90th anniversary since its official foundation, when the Kyiv Aviation Institute was founded on the basis of the Aviation Faculty of KMI by Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 1815 of 08/25/1933. However, in fact, the prerequisites for this official recognition and establishment were certain conditions based on enthusiasm, technical progress, the development of international civil aviation, and the need for a clear distinction between military and civil aviation. These and other conditions also became a condition for the creation of the ICAO – a specialized UN agency that organizes and coordinates international cooperation of states in all aspects of civil aviation. Discussion: this work is dedicated to research of the historical background, institutional framework, and competence of ICAO. These studies will also take contribution to the understanding of the conditions and background of formation and development of NAU in a more comprehensive way.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Civil Aviation in China

After the founding of New China, some external competition and internal policy support led to the rapid development of civil aviation. In the process of development, some problems have also been found and solved. Up to now, China's civil aviation industry has a huge scale and is one of the most important industries in China, with a growth rate far exceeding the international level. However, due to the unstable international situation, airlines are under pressure due to the rise of oil prices and the reduction of passenger traffic, which also exposes many new problems. This paper describes four current problems of civil aviation. The problems are rough management and neglect of industrial structure, monopoly in the aviation oil and material supply sector, which is not conducive to reducing enterprise costs, excessive intervention in enterprise management, which hinders moderate competition in the air transport market, and relatively low economic efficiency of civil aviation. Solutions are also given to each of the above problems, which include industrial structure policy, industrial investment policy, anti-monopoly law and other related policies and legal systems.

NEW CHALLENGES IN THE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES. CHANGES IN LEGAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SAFETY OF UNMANNED AVIATION

The extremely dynamic development of civil aviation in recent years has simultaneously contributedto the growing popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have taken over air traffic inthe areas of protection and security of the population and, since the armed conflict in Ukraine, havealso been put to use as dual-use products in military operations. However, one must bear in mind alsousers who fly drones for private and recreational purposes. Such a rapid growth in interest caused thenecessity of introducing regulations that would enable their safe design, production, maintenanceand operation in the EU. Thanks to these requirements, the civil aviation authorities in the EU havemade every effort to create a solid legal framework for the operations of UAVs, keeping up with theirrapid technological development, minimizing accidents that involve flight participants and reducingthe risk of material damage or safety of bystanders present on the surface.The authors adopted the assumption that aviation safety regulations are excessively conservative.The first part of this hypothesis is not a revelation, the rule being that legal regulations are delayedin relation to the dynamics of technological progress in this field. The second is an open questionregarding the need for greater liberalization in the field of unmanned flights.

РОЛЬ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИОННО-ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В СОЦИ-АЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The article provides an overview of the cur-rent state of the civil aviation industry, in par-ticular, the segment of passenger air trans-portation and civil aviation infrastructure, identifies its role and impact on the regional economy. The authors show that the devel-opment of the passenger transportation market reflects the socio-economic devel-opment of the territories, as it largely deter-mines their accessibility, investment attrac-tiveness and convenience for economic ac-tivities. As a theoretical significance of the study, it should be noted the substantiation of the contribution of the regional air transport system to the gross regional prod-uct. Of practical interest are recommenda-tions for taking into account the development of Russian civil aviation in modern condi-tions.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED ALCOHOL-TO-JET FUELS

The paper presents an analytical review of technological processes of alternative jet fuel production from alcohols and experimental results on the study of its physical-chemical properties. State-of-the-art in the sphere of civil aviation development within the framework of sustainable development and minimization of transport’s negative impact on the environment is presented. The development and implementation of sustainable aviation fuels are considered the main measure for reaching carbon-neutral growth. Two technologies of alcohol-to-jet fuel production are considered, and possible feedstock and processing pathways are presented. Physical-chemical properties of two kinds of alcohol-to-jet fuels are studied experimentally, as well as the properties of conventional jet fuels blended with alternative ones. It is shown that the physical-chemical properties of jet fuels blended with alcohol-to-jet component containing aromatics are very close to conventional jet fuels. All of the studied fuel blends with alcohol-to-jet components completely satisfy the requirements of specifications. Basing on the received results it is expected that alcohol-to-jet component containing aromatics may be successfully used for blending with conventional jet fuel and used as a drop-in fuel.

Research on Evaluation System of Green Civil Aviation Development——Based on Air China

The establishment of a green civil aviation development system is an important measure to promote the long-term, healthy and stable development of the civil aviation industry. In order to objectively evaluate the development level of China’s civil aviation industry since the promulgation of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Civil Aviation in China", this article selects China International Airline data, comprehensively consider the concept and connotation of green civil aviation, select indicators from the four aspects of environmental protection, conservation, technology, and humanization, and establish a green civil aviation evaluation system. The TOPSI method and the entropy method are combined to obtain the weight of each indicator. Weights. Make a longitudinal comparison to get a score for each year, and analyze it in combination with reality.

TA-LSTM: A Time and Attribute Aware LSTM for Deep Flight Track Clustering

The rapid development of civil aviation imposes an urgent need for efficient air traffic management. Flight track clustering is the premise and foundation of air traffic control. Flight track points compose time-series data with non-identical point- to-point intervals, and the effective latent representation of track data is key to the flight trajectory clustering. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is an important and popular method to extract the features of trajectory time-series data. However, LSTM ignores the irregular time intervals between track points and fails to effectively distinguish the importance of different attributes at each track point during feature extraction. In addition, the existing methods based on LSTM either ignore the distinct impacts of different attributes at each track point or simply assume that the influences of the previous track points on the subsequent ones decrease with time. In this paper, we propose a flight trajectory feature extraction unit called TA-LSTM (Time and Attribute Aware Long Short- Term Memory) and a flight track clustering model based on TA- LSTM. The flight track clustering model consists of a feature extraction layer and a clustering layer. The feature extraction layer adopts TA-LSTM to obtain the latent representation of flight tracks, which adds a time control gate and an attribute control gate to the standard LSTM unit. The time control gate manipulates the action of each track point on subsequent points to obtain the characteristics of irregular time intervals. The attribute control gat enables LSTM to capture the impact of different attributes on the flight track features at various points. The clustering layer takes the latent representation of flight tracks as the input to obtain the clustering results. The clustering model updates the parameters of TA-LSTM and the cluster centers by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence. We conduct experiments using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast track data provided by VariFlight. In comparison with popular and state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method obtains superior pe formance in three widely used evaluation metrics, i.e., Silhouette Coefficient, Calinski-Harabaz index and Davies-Bouldin index.