Development Of Cable-stayed Bridges Research Articles

Investigation of the Effect of the Deck Material on the Cost in Cable-Stayed Bridges with Different Spans

Abstract Recent developments in the social sphere also cause an increase in transportation activities. Increased transport activities lead to the construction of new roads and bridges. Different bridge construction systems are available to overcome large span obstacles. Cable-stayed bridges are more advantageous construction systems than other bridge type building carrier systems in overcoming large spans through suspension cables. Therefore, it is also widely preferred by designers. The biggest factor in the development of cable-stayed bridges is undoubtedly steel cables. Cable-stayed bridges are bridge structures that become lighter with the increase of the span, which has a more expanded flexibility, and that includes a cable system with the effect of nonlinear factors. Costs of cable-stayed bridges vary according to different spans. The span as well as the deck material used in the bridge system have a great effect on the cost. In cable-stayed bridge systems, decks are constructed of reinforced concrete and steel. The costs of cable-stayed bridges are widely discussed around the world; therefore, the effect of the span and deck material on the cost of cable-stayed bridges is being investigated. The main bearing elements of such bridges are cables, decks, and towers, and among these elements, the tower bridge carries all the weight of the bridge, even other external loads such as vehicle, wind, etc. In this study, the three-dimensional model of the cable, deck and tower elements that make up the cable-stayed bridge system was created and analysed using the CSI Bridge Program. The AASHTO LRFD Standards, which are widely used in the analysis of bridge systems with the CSI Bridge program and the design of bridge systems in the world, were used. In the study, the analysis and designs of cable-stayed bridges with reinforced concrete and steel deck at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 meters span were carried out. The amount of materials and costs used in the analysis and design of the cable-stayed bridge systems were obtained and the results were interpreted.

Seismic Response of a Base Isolated Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Near-Fault Ground Motion Excitations

Nowadays, development of cable-stayed bridges is increasing around the world. The mitigation of seismic forces to these bridges are obligatory to prevent damages or failure of its structural members. Herein, this paper aimed to determine the near-fault ground motion effect on an existing cablestayed bridge equipped with lead-rubber bearing. In this context, Shipshaw cable-stayed bridge is selected as the case study. The selected bridge has a span of 183.2 m composite deck and 43 m height of steel tower. 2D finite element models of the non-isolated and base isolated bridges are modelled by using SAP2000. Three different near-fault ground motions which are Tabas 1978, Cape Mendocino 1992 and Kobe 1995 were subjected to the 2D FEM models in order to determine the seismic behaviour of the bridge. The near-fault ground motions were applied to the bridge in the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to determine the dynamic responses of the bridge. Comparison of dynamic response of nonisolated and base isolated bridge under three different near-fault ground motions were conducted. The results obtained from numerical analyses of the bridge showed that the isolation system lengthened the period of bridge and minimised deck displacement, base shear and base moment of the bridge. It is concluded that the isolation system significantly reduced the destructive effects of near-fault ground motions on the bridge.

Seismic Response of a Base Isolated Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Near-Fault Ground Motion Excitations

Nowadays, development of cable-stayed bridges is increasing around the world. The mitigation of seismic forces to these bridges are obligatory to prevent damages or failure of its structural members. Herein, this paper aimed to determine the near-fault ground motion effect on an existing cable-stayed bridge equipped with lead-rubber bearing. In this context, Shipshaw cable-stayed bridge is selected as the case study. The selected bridge has a span of 183.2 m composite deck and 43 m height of steel tower. 2D finite element models of the non-isolated and base isolated bridges are modelled by using SAP2000. Three different near-fault ground motions which are Tabas 1978, Cape Mendocino 1992 and Kobe 1995 were subjected to the 2D FEM models in order to determine the seismic behaviour of the bridge. The near-fault ground motions were applied to the bridge in the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to determine the dynamic responses of the bridge. Comparison of dynamic response of non-isolated and base isolated bridge under three different near-fault ground motions were conducted. The results obtained from numerical analyses of the bridge showed that the isolation system lengthened the period of bridge and minimised deck displacement, base shear and base moment of the bridge. It is concluded that the isolation system significantly reduced the destructive effects of near-fault ground motions on the bridge.

Seismic Response of a Base Isolated Cable-Stayed Bridge Under Near-Fault Ground Motion Excitations

Nowadays, development of cable-stayed bridges is increasing around the world. The mitigation of seismic forces to these bridges are obligatory to prevent damages or failure of its structural members. Herein, this paper aimed to determine the near-fault ground motion effect on an existing cablestayed bridge equipped with lead-rubber bearing. In this context, Shipshaw cable-stayed bridge is selected as the case study. The selected bridge has a span of 183.2 m composite deck and 43 m height of steel tower. 2D finite element models of the non-isolated and base isolated bridges are modelled by using SAP2000. Three different near-fault ground motions which are Tabas 1978, Cape Mendocino 1992 and Kobe 1995 were subjected to the 2D FEM models in order to determine the seismic behaviour of the bridge. The near-fault ground motions were applied to the bridge in the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to determine the dynamic responses of the bridge. Comparison of dynamic response of nonisolated and base isolated bridge under three different near-fault ground motions were conducted. The results obtained from numerical analyses of the bridge showed that the isolation system lengthened the period of bridge and minimised deck displacement, base shear and base moment of the bridge. It is concluded that the isolation system significantly reduced the destructive effects of near-fault ground motions on the bridge.

45 years of cable-stayed SNP Bridge in Bratislava

Design, description and experience with 45 years old cable-stayed SNP Bridge over the river Danube in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Imperfection measurements, inspections, calculation of rating factors and evaluation of load-carrying capacities, proposal for exception, strengthening and its influence. Local and global buckling combined with shear lag effects. Influence of torsion at box girders. Development of cable-stayed bridges and position of the SNP Bridge in the world rankings of the large span cable-stayed bridges after 45 years from it opening.

Control of wind-induced vibrations of cable-stayed bridges

The objective of this paper is to present new trends in the development of cable-stayed bridges and to review practicable control techniques concerning wind-induced vibrations. That contains the results of examinations carried out by the Institute of Light-Weight Structures of the Aachen Technical University and the DSD Dillinger Steel Construction Ltd., Germany. The paper is limited to a review of passive means to control the dynamic deflections of the bridge structures. The examples used are drawn from experiences in full-scale investigations of bridge decks, pylons and cables of cable-stayed bridges.

Cable-Stayed Versus Classical Suspension Bridge

The development of cable-stayed bridges is traced back to the 1600's. The cable-stayed bridge is a new type of bridge concept that has just started to attract the attention of bridge engineers in the United States. A comparative study of existing bridges has shown that cable-stayed bridges have a definite place in the economical design of bridges for intermediate spans and challenge the supremacy of the conventional suspension bridge in the long-span range. A comparison between classical suspension and cable-stayed is presented on the basis of stiffness, optimization of cable-weight, and aerodynamics. A general conclusion is stated that a cable-stayed system is stiffer and more economical than a suspension system of camparable span. Wind effects have been investigated very thoroughly for suspension bridges and such analysis is also required for cable-stayed bridges. It is indicated that because of inherent system stiffness and damping, the cable-stayed system is not as sensitive to wind oscillation as a conventional suspension system.