Development Of Built-up Areas Research Articles

Urban Sprawl Typology in Semarang City

The population and economic growth increase the need of space leading to an increase in built-up area. There is an increased activity in the city centre which results in the residents feeling less comfortable to live in the area. Hence, the growth of the settlement area tends to head towards the periphery. This condition is an indication of the developments of the built-up area in the periphery. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of development of an irregular built-up area which leads to the suburbs. Urban development as a result of urban sprawl will trigger an increase in the demand for supporting facilities and infrastructure. An urban Sprawl in Semarang City has resulted in the establishment of residential areas in a conserved region, which is against zoning regulations in the Semarang City Spatial Planning Document (RTRW). Urban Sprawl Typology Research in Semarang City aims to analyse the urban sprawl typology in the city. By knowing the typology, it can minimise the impact of urban sprawl. This research was conducted using the remote sensing method and geographic information system (GIS) with the Shannon's Entropy approach. The results indicated that in 2006 and 2016, urban sprawl in Semarang City had three types of typology that can be classified as typology I (low level), typology II (medium level) and typology III (high level). The impact of urban sprawl on typology II and III can be minimised through the provision of affordable housing with adequate infrastructure, and an improvement in the permit system for housing and settlement development.

DESKRIPSI PENILAIAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN TERBANGUN BERDASARKAN PERTIMBANGAN MULTI ASPEK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

The increasing of development in Yogyakarta City gives rise to controversy. Physical development-oriented activities tend to pursue economic benefits with less regard for social and environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper will describe the community's assessment of the impact of regional development on environmental, socio-cultural and economic aspects. This research uses quantitative descriptive approach as the method. The perception of negative impact from built-up area development to the environmental aspect was represented by 128 people (32,0%) while no negative impact perception was represented by 272 people (68%). The perception of negative impact from built-up area development to the socio-cultural aspect was stated by the 83 respondents (20.8%) and 317 respondents (79.2%) presented no negative impact. Meanwhile, in the economic aspect, the perception of negative impact from built-up area developmment was expressed by 147 respondents (36.8%) and 253 respondents (63.2%) presented no negative impact. Keyword: Impact, City, Development, Community, Perseption.

Unveiling 25 Years of Planetary Urbanization with Remote Sensing: Perspectives from the Global Human Settlement Layer

In the last few decades the magnitude and impacts of planetary urban transformations have become increasingly evident to scientists and policymakers. The ability to understand these processes remained limited in terms of territorial scope and comparative capacity for a long time: data availability and harmonization were among the main constraints. Contemporary technological assets, such as remote sensing and machine learning, allow for analyzing global changes in the settlement process with unprecedented detail. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project set out to produce detailed datasets to analyze and monitor the spatial footprint of human settlements and their population, which are key indicators for the global policy commitments of the 2030 Development Agenda. In the GHSL, Earth Observation plays a key role in the detection of built-up areas from the Landsat imagery upon which population distribution is modelled. The combination of remote sensing imagery and population modelling allows for generating globally consistent and detailed information about the spatial distribution of built-up areas and population. The GHSL data facilitate a multi-temporal analysis of human settlements with global coverage. The results presented in this article focus on the patterns of development of built-up areas, population and settlements. The article reports about the present status of global urbanization (2015) and its evolution since 1990 by applying to the GHSL the Degree of Urbanisation definition of the European Commission Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG-Regio) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT). The analysis portrays urbanization dynamics at a regional level and per country income classes to show disparities and inequalities. This study analyzes how the 6.1 billion urban dwellers are distributed worldwide. Results show the degree of global urbanization (which reached 85% in 2015), the more than 100 countries in which urbanization has increased between 1990 and 2015, and the tens of countries in which urbanization is today above the global average and where urbanization grows the fastest. The paper sheds light on the key role of urban areas for development, on the patterns of urban development across the regions of the world and on the role of a new generation of data to advance urbanization theory and reporting.

АНАЛІЗ ДБН Б.2.2–12:2018 «ПЛАНУВАННЯ І ЗАБУДОВА ТЕРИТОРІЙ» НА ПРЕДМЕТ ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАБУДОВИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНИХ ЧАСТИН ВЕЛИКИХ МІСТ

The main problems mentioned are related to the close construction of the city, inappropriate spatial development and ineffective use of land resources, including areas free from development. The influence of the modern construction principle on the development of urban and transport infrastructure of the city is shown. The ways of solving these problems are based on the development of alternative methods of expanding the effective area of ​​the central part of the city and adhering to the recommendations of the normative documents. The transition from horizontal to vertical zoning of the urban space, which is capable of providing a comfortable housing, cultural and entertainment and production environment, is proposed. The essence of town-planning activity of city architects and the necessary direction of movement for further development are characterized. The fundamental principles of legal science from the point of view of environmental protection are described as the basis for developing a future program for the development of the urban environment. It is proposed to create a scheme of management of urban areas with the development of basic parameters for substantiating effective land use and taking into account the existing state of the city in order to maximize the preservation of historical, cultural and natural environment. The analysis of DBN B.2.2-12: 2018 Planning and Building of Territories was conducted in order to identify ways to increase the efficiency of existing construction and to organize the spatial development of built-up areas and the urban environment in general. The main points of DBN B.2.2-12-12: 2018 are highlighted, which directly stimulate designers and developers to effectively and dense use of the city's territory. The main requirements for densified urban space and the rules for the construction of various types of extensions are given. The most important recommendations for the rational development of the relevant territories of the urban environment have been selected and structured, depending on the purpose. The main directions of improvement of the territory and methodology of land resources management in the cities are determined.

On the problem of development of built-up areas and improving quality of the urban environment (on the example of Ulan-Ude)

The built-up areas in the cities have a trend towards developing slums due to excessive urbanization that leads to dividing city areas to useful and ineffective. The problem of large cities originates in ineffective property management, excessive losses from the maintenance and operation of buildings and structures. Considering this issue from the perspective of the effective use of territories, it is impossible not to refer to such a mechanism as development. It considers management and development through the integrated development and spatial planning with maximum benefit. Zoning of territories on profitable, low-income and unprofitable segments will allow elaborating projects focused on generating additional benefit by attracting private entrepreneurs and avoid losses in exploitation. In addition to that, it will allow analyzing prospective projects taking into account the existing urban development and formation of a comfortable urban environment for the population.

Historical Changes in the Land Use Connected with Appropriation of Agricultural Land – Case Study of Cadastral Areas Dolní Věstonice and Modřice (Czech Republic)

Abstract The article focuses on the issue of agricultural soil sealing in the Dolní Věstonice and Modřice cadastres (South Moravian Region). Available data and map resources were used for this purpose (historical and up-to-date). Data was processed using manual digitalisation which helped to generate the needed map output. The decrease in area of agricultural land is analysed in individual periods starting in the year 1824 (source of data stable cadastre - the first half of the 19th century) until the present, and the sealing of different types of plots and soil kinds is assessed according to Evaluated Soil-Ecological Units (ESEU). In most cases, agricultural land sealing is associated with municipal expansion. To compare future development, potential (forthcoming) agricultural land sealing proposed within the valid landscape plans was also explored. Likewise, the overall price of sealed plots in both locations was calculated. The results show that there was a significant change in the use of both model territories between 1824 and the present. In Modřice, the area of the built-up area was changed from 16 ha (1824) to 409 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 90% to agricultural land. The most significant change in this area is the development of builtup areas on agricultural land. In the model territory of Dolní Věstonice, the area of the built-up area increased from 16 ha (1824) to 48 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 70% to agricultural land. Due to the construction of water reservoirs “Nové Mlýny”, the area of water bodies increased by 569 ha (during the period 1824- 2016). The water reservoirs occupy 65% of the cadastral area of Dolní Věstonice. The most significant change in landscape is the increase in water areas in Dolní Věstonice. Should this trend persist, an extensive reduction in agricultural soil and ensuing problems associated with sustainable agriculture, potentially also deficient food resources must be anticipated.

Urban Growth Monitoring using Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics: Case Study of Gandhinagar, Gujarat State (India)

The Gandhinagar town has undergone unprecedented urban growth after assuming the status of a capital of Gujarat state, India in 1971. The Gandhinagar city lies on the western bank of river Sabarmati and city is also known as the “Tree capital of India” because of greenery with 54% green cover. The urban sprawl in Gandhinagar town was analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat TM data from 1981 to 2015. Spectral indices namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were generated from the Landsat TM bands covering visible Red (R), Near Infrared (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) wavelength regions. Spectral variations in built-up, open spaces, urban vegetation and water areas were studied by generating two-dimensional spectral plots of NDBI and BUI. The spectral response of built up areas like Urban-dense and urban-sparse classes are quite distinct from other cover types like open spaces, urban vegetation and water. The results indicate that the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were very useful for mapping urban built-up areas in Gandhinagar town using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. The built-up area in Gandhinagar increased from 1100.1 ha during Jan 1989 to 1907.3 ha during Jan 2015 which indicates about 73 per cent increase in the built-up area during the period of 26 years. The urban vegetation which includes parks and gardens in the city has also shown increasing trend during the period of 1989 to 2015. However, the area under open spaces has decreased as the development of built-up area has increased as per development plan of the Gandhinagar town.

Spatial Dynamics Model for Sustainability Landscape in Cimandiri Estuary, West Java, Indonesia

Population in Estuary Cimandiri area and the Pelabuhanratu Town increase continuously, which will cause an occurrence of land use changes from open space to built-up area. Due to the need of built up area, while the existing land area is very limited, so the shortage land will occur in the future. In this context, spatial dynamic model based on a combination between system dynamics and Geographic Information System (GIS) has to be elaborated for land availability model in Cimandiri Estuary, West Java. Thus, the existing surface can be a sustainability landscape. Population growth projection has an exponential growth pattern. Built-up area variable has a sigmoid pattern, which means that the land in estuarine area will be occupied for built-up activities in the future. Land availability variable has a decay pattern, which means that the available land will be run out to be used up by human settlement. The relationship between population growth and land availability will be contradictory. The intervention effect 60% ratio land restriction of built-up area will delay the development of built-up area, and after those delays it will remain constant. The projection of populations growth is implemented through projection development of built-up area which adapted by the landscape to be a sustainability landscape.

Problems of Observing Constitutional Rights of Eitizens by the Bodies of State Authority and Local Self-government in Urban Planning of Built-up Area Development

The constitutional right of citizens to healthy environment is the fundamental right taken into account when performing the urban planning. However, in the legal science there has developed a narrow understanding of this right as the right to environmental safety and preservation of natural resources. The environment that surrounds a modern person includes not only natural objects, but also the residential areas favorable environment of which is formed on the basis of the developed infrastructure, high level of socio-economic development, compliance with sanitary and building codes, favorable environmental conditions. The development of the built-up area serves the purpose of creating favorable environment in the residential areas. The analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice has revealed the problems in the sphere of observing the constitutional right of citizens to healthy environment during the process of developing built-up areas due to the declarative nature of some regulatory norms of urban planning. Numerous disputes between citizens and bodies of state authority during the process of urban planning prove the lack of any effective mechanism of enforcing their rights. The author attempts to reveal the shortcomings of legal regulation of urban planning in the sphere of built-up areas development and to propose the ways to overcome them.

Dynamics of Urban Growth in Semarang Metropolitan – Central Java: An Examination Based on Built-Up Area and Population Change

Representation of rapid urban growth followed by high rate of land conversion is clearly observed in the case of Semarang Metropolitan. Located in Java Island, this capital city has been performing as the largest urban area in the Central Java Province. This paper aims to examine urban growth pattern in Semarang Metropolitan by applying two main indicators, i.e., (1) additional built-up area 1972-2009 indicated as land conversion, and (2) population change between 1991-2008. Accordingly, distance is regard as an important parameter to further examine the emerging pattern based on the two indicators. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to analyze satellite images and built-up area development from the different periods. The analyses result show that suburbanization has been taken place in Semarang Metropolitan. The emerging pattern is very common in Asian cities as it is very much similar with the pattern in view selected cities in the neighboring countries (Jakarta, Bangkok, Metro Manila).

Land use consequences of the evolution of cemeteries in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area

The uncontrolled development of built-up areas determines the inclusion of peripheral and ex-urban land uses inside the settlements. In the present study, we investigated the geographic differences in the rate of land conversion to cemetery areas, considered as peripheral areas, from the Bucharest Metropolitan Area. Using geospatial data about the cemeteries and their adjacent land uses, we evaluated the spatial changes of cemeteries at LAU2 (Local Administrative Units level 2) level (i.e. municipalities, cities, communes). Between 1975 and 2008, we observed an increase in the number of cemeteries with a surface area of 100.8 ha, mainly in areas with poor environmental quality in proximity of Bucharest city. Cemeteries tend to become common land uses within the built-up areas, occupying increasing surface areas (up to 3.5%), with important consequences, especially in areas close to Bucharest city. Cemeteries are a good example of peripheral land use, characterised by a permanent impact on human settlements. The inclusion of peripheral land uses inside the settlements promotes urban sprawl, favours inefficient strategic planning and generates new land use interactions. An increase in the management efficiency of peripheral land uses can alleviate negative interactions and favour sound planning options for the sustainability of settlements.

A Study on Urban Thermal Field of Shanghai Using Multi-source Remote Sensing Data

Landsat TM/ETM and MODIS satellite remote sensing data from 1995 to 2012 are used to study Shanghai’s urban heat island (UHI) in China from the perspectives of time and space. Furthermore the UHI characteristics are analyzed in terms of landscape ecology theory and the urban heat island effect ratio (UHIER). The results show that: in the time sequence, the land brightness temperature (LBT) of Shanghai in 2000 is the strongest and the one in 2003 is the weakest. The urban area LBT has continued to decline since 2003, but for the entire Shanghai, it has had an overall increase. In the spatial distribution, LBT structure is mainly dominated by urban area from 1995 to 2000; but since the rapid development of built-up area of Pudong, Songjiang, Minhang and Jiading Districts in 2000, the LBT landscape pattern which was primarily urban area-centered and multicenter built-up area-supplemented has been gradually formed.

A logistic regression model for explaining urban development on the basis of accessibility: a case study of Naples

In this paper, the authors present a statistical modelling approach in order to explain the presence and development of built-up areas by means of a set of distinct accessibility indicators, so as to use these results in local planning studies, to test urban sustainability measures and to eventually forecast the impact of accessibility to transport systems on urban development. On the basis of encouraging results obtained in a previous study in the Netherlands, the authors apply a multinomial logistic regression, with urban development as the dependent variable and accessibility and context information as independent variables. The statistical model employs two kinds of accessibility measure: simple Euclidean distances, as well as a specific articulated accessibility indicator which takes into account spatial opportunities as well as distances. The results confirm the reliability and robustness of the chosen approach and confirm the limited usefulness of retrieving and deploying complex data to obtain composite indicators.

Regional network planning and the development of rural transportation using remote sensing techniques

Abstract Changes in landuse are the outcome of development and the land characteristics of the region. Due to interactive nature, landuse development expands the built-up areas in the course of time. The development of the attraction potentials of towns will change village built-up areas and result in significant growth in the built-up area of the town itself. This interactive relation cited is the reason why the optimal link identification is basically a function of the causes for built-up area development. Because of this fact, the network is identified through the variety of activities in a region. In this study an attempt is made to identify the optimal network from the effect of such development. In addition a further attempt is carried out on orientation of network using the development potential. The rural road network should correlate to the scientific facts of agriculture and demographic characteristics. In the rural areas agriculture and residential development are predominant, so due considerat...

Discussion

The construction of high-speed roads is inseparably connected with the process of development of regions and countries. In Poland, in the years 2011–2016, many sections of motorways and expressways were opened for use, and the network of high-speed roads became two times larger. The aim of the research was to identify changes in land use associated with the construction of the motorway. Two questions were asked: to what extent does the construction of the motorway result in abandoning the cultivation of land on isolated plots, and whether an increased development of built-up areas can be observed in the vicinity of motorway junctions. The analysis of land cover changes was based on orthophotomaps and aerial photographs from three points in time. By interpreting changes in SHDI, it was possible to identify where the major land cover changes occur. The construction of a motorway results mainly in the decline of forests and agricultural land in the immediate vicinity of such a road. However, such an investment is not a direct factor leading to the abandoning of cultivation of land on isolated plots. In the neighbourhood of motorway junctions, built-up areas development, mainly for non-residential purposes, may be observed.

Development of Built-up Area and Urban Core in Morioka, a Castle Town in Feudal Times

Development of Built-up Area and Urban Core in Morioka, a Castle Town in Feudal Times

5023 大阪府下における市街地発展経過に関する考察 : 大都市郊外住宅地形成における類型的考察と計画の指標化に関する研究. その1

5023 大阪府下における市街地発展経過に関する考察 : 大都市郊外住宅地形成における類型的考察と計画の指標化に関する研究. その1