Development Of Border Regions Research Articles

Sustainable Tourism Development in Border Regions: A Case Study of Kermanshah Province

This research uses a case study of Kermanshah province in Iran which has variety of historical, cultural and natural attractions. It is imperative to place emphasis on such attractions in a bid to inform the governments and investors in appropriate planning of tourism so as to achieve the set goals. It is applied research. For this article, we used an analytical and descriptive research methodology. Documental and library research techniques were used to gather data and relevant information for this research. Systematic data collection and information from library and documentary search..Kermanshah also faces several barriers and challenges, including insufficient infrastructure, weak marketing activities, inadequate tourism management, and increasing interest in foreign travel. To capitalize on its vast tourism potential, Kermanshah needs comprehensive planning, infrastructure development, effective marketing strategies, and coordinated tourism management. These efforts are essential to overcome the identified challenges and encourage sustainable tourism in the region. Kermanshah has the potential to position itself as a prominent global sustainable tourism destination, contributing to socio-economic development and cultural exchange.

Native advertising on television business model: The case of Metro TV Indonesia

Objective: The primary objective is to ascertain the underlying factors that contribute to the formation of nationalist sentiments among this population and to propose strategic measures that the government could adopt to facilitate comprehensive growth on Sebatik Island.
 
 Theoretical Framework: Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, this study seeks to comprehensively examine the extent of nationalist sentiments harbored by the inhabitants of Sebatik Island towards their country, Indonesia.
 
 Method: The study employs focused group discussions and customized questionnaires to collect data. The qualitative analysis encompasses responses gathered from a cohort of 62 participants, revealing that 66% exhibit a notable degree of nationalism, while the remaining 34% demonstrate a lower level of such sentiments. 
 
 Results and Conclusions: The research findings underscore a generally favorable perception of Indonesian nationalism among the populace of Sebatik Island, even amidst challenges stemming from their interdependence with Malaysia. By prioritizing the welfare of the Sebatik community, their affiliation with Indonesian identity can organically thrive, thereby contributing to heightened security and a stronger sense of patriotism within the border vicinity.
 
 Originality/Value: This research offers novel insights into the intricate determinants influencing nationalist sentiments within the population of Sebatik Island, casting illumination on the subtleties of their viewpoints within the unique context of a coexistent border alongside Malaysia.
 
 Research Implications: The outcomes of this study prompt a reevaluation of prevailing policies associated with the development of border regions, encompassing considerations related to infrastructure, education, healthcare, and the management of resources.

European Union Tools for the Sustainable Development of Border Regions

The European Union uses several instruments aimed at reducing disparities between regions and strengthening their competitiveness and sustainability. The border regions have a special relevance, given their position and characteristics, as well as the challenges faced by local actors. The European Commission has introduced the action “b-solutions” to tackle the specific border obstacles along European Union internal borders. The article aims to analyze the integration mechanisms at the micro-regional level, which is considered as a viable and sustainable solution for cross-border regions with resources which can be exploited to attract investment and generate wealth and well-being. The qualitative analysis method involved consulting thematic publications of the b-solution program and extracting data from the presentation sheets of accepted proposals published by the Association of European Border Regions. The collected data were processed according to criteria such as direction of action, types and causes of obstacles, solutions proposed by experts, etc. Addressing the legal and administrative obstacles that hamper cross-border flows proved to be a good initiative, with 120 cases selected. The solutions offered to the particular cases can also be replicated for other obstacles identified at the European Union’s internal borders so that cooperation between border regions is intensified to the benefit of increasing European territorial, economic, and social cohesion.

The Implementation of Economic Border Policing to Enhance Inclusive Economic Productivity

Sustainable and inclusive development is the fundamental objective in reaching national development goals. National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024 aims to enhance Indonesia's per capita income to that of upper-middle-income countries (MIC) with enhanced infrastructure, human resources, public services, and citizen welfare. This RPJMN objective aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which comprise 17 interrelated goals and indicators grouped into sevent development agendas. Implementation of the SDGs on a regional level is vital to attaining these objectives, as regional policies and development programmes can make a substantial contribution. The SDGs underline the significance of achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth, universal access to basic services, natural resource management, and strengthening local institutions. In order to attain elevated economic growth, Indonesia necessitates an economic metamorphosis through the augmentation of productivity across several sectors. The 2023 Policy Plan (RKP 2023) adopts the theme "Increasing Productivity for Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Transformation," in order to reinforce economic resilience, enhance regional development and advance human resource quality. In this context, Economic Border Policing emerges as an important strategy for supporting the revival of the national economy through cooperatives and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in border regions. Economic Border Policing is multifaceted, encompassing illegal trade control, trade and investment monitoring, welfare and rights protection, and the promotion of local economic development in border regions. Implementing Economic Border Policing is expected to create a safe and effective environment for inclusive and sustainable economic growth in border areas, facilitating enhanced economic productivity and comprehensive regional development.

EVALUATION OF MIGRATION ATTITUDES AND EXPECTATIONS OF THE POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY CONFLICT

The article analyses the main trends related to migration issues in Ukraine and the EU caused by the military conflict. An analysis of the theoretical basis of the research was carried out in order to determine the main aspects related to the migratory behaviour of the population in the conditions of military conflicts and crisis situations. Based on the results of a sociological study, an assessment was made of the migration attitudes and expectations of internally displaced persons (IDPs) temporarily residing in the border region of the country under martial law. An attempt was made to assess the impact of migration potential on the development of border regions under the conditions of a military crisis (using the Zakarpattia Oblast as an example). The purpose of this article is to assess the attitudes and expectations of migrants in relation to the military conflict in their country of origin. The study focuses on internally displaced persons (IDPs) living temporarily in the country's border regions, particularly in Zakarpattia Oblast. Methodology. The study is based on a sociological survey of Ukrainian migrants, such as IDPs, in new places of temporary stay in the Transcarpathian region. The survey was conducted in the first half of 2022 using the method of sociological interviews according to a random sample. The structure of the sample is 70.5% – female and 29.5% – male respondents. In addition to the sociological survey, the research is based on statistical data analysis and review of literature studies using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show significant interdependencies, disparities and trends in migration expectations and attitudes in relation to crisis, which could be the basis for further prognosis and forecasting development in the field of migration theory, such as: gender disparities in migration due to military conflicts; the importance of family ties in migration and resettlement; the predominance of the remote form of work and education, which confirms its effectiveness in crisis situations; the high inclination and desire of IDPs to return home and the low activity of IDPs in migration abroad, which is one of the main differences distinguishing IDPs from other types of migrants.

The influence of the border position of the Russian-Ukrainian border regions on their regional development

Subject. The article considers problems of international trade and geopolitical rivalry in the modern world. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the economic development of regions of the Russian Federation bordering Ukraine. Methods. The study employs methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalization. Results. I made calculations and interpreted various indicators of economic development of border regions of the Russian Federation, having a common border with Ukraine, calculated the Grubel-Lloyd index for major commodity groups for a number of border areas. The paper shows that after the political crisis of 2014, there was a reorientation of foreign economic relations in most Russian regions bordering Ukraine, and the barrier function of the border began to dominate over the contact one. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of the participation of border regions in foreign trade of the Russian Federation, it is crucial to apply a differentiated approach to regional policy implementation.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ПРАКТИКИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ПРИКОРДОННИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ РОЗШИРЕННЯ ЄС

The theoretical foundations of the essence and organization of the economic environment of border areas are generalized. The features of its transformation are outlined on the basis of the analysis of changes in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of its structural elements in the context of deepening European integration processes. The priorities of the EU Regional Policy in the field of regulating the development of internal and external border regions are outlined and the main instruments for its implementation are structured. The development of border regions is monitored by the main socio-economic indicators of their development. The factors of formation and functioning of the shadow sector of the regional economy are substantiated and systematized, and the main methods of its assessment are summarized. Promising directions for the development of border areas in the context of liberalization of foreign economic activity are identified, and relevant proposals to public authorities and local governments are prepared. According to The EU Action Plan for the border regions is envisaged and systematized: Increased investment in transport infrastructure of the Trans-European Networks (TEN) by increasing the level of Community support for TEN projects to 20% to finance the most urgently needed projects in the border area; reorientation of structural instruments to maximize the impact of EU financial assistance; financing measures aimed at strengthening cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises ; providing the EU with EUR 20 million for networking activities between border regions and candidate countries within the framework of INTERREG; modification of the Phare-CBC program in order to: identifying the same priority areas under Phase CBC and INTERREG A; simplifying co-financing of transnational (INTERREG B) or interregional (INTERREG C) cooperation projects that are important for improving the socio-economic situation in the border area; launching a special program of the European Investment Bank (EIB) to support healthcare and transport infrastructure projects in the border regions of the candidate countries.

Decentralisation and City Diplomacy as an Alternative in the Development of Border Regions: Case Study-Debdab-Algeria

Decentralisation and City Diplomacy as an Alternative in the Development of Border Regions: Case Study-Debdab-Algeria

Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia

Digital transformation of socio-economic processes is the basis for sustainable development of regions in the digital age. The foundation for such a transformation is the information and communication infrastructure and, first of all, the mobile Internet. The technological growth of mobile networks has provided a rapid increase in the number of users around the world, contributing to further digitalization. With the development of digital technologies, research in the field of human geography has received a new impetus. The impact of the Internet on all spheres of life has necessitated a rethinking of the existing geographical approaches to the study of physical space and the emergence of a new object of research — digital space. On the one hand, the latter is closely connected with traditional institutions and systems. On the other hand, it is characterized by its own patterns of construction and functioning. The problem of delimiting the boundaries of cyberspace makes it difficult to manage digital processes taking into account territorially determined needs and interests, while the current socio-economic unevenness of regional development results in the digital divide. Border regions, maneuvering within the dichotomy of ‘frontier — integration bridge’ models, can gain additional benefits from the development of digital infrastructure in the context of realizing their integration potential. This article assesses the geography of the mobile internet in Russia and its connection with the development of border regions. The authors use geo-information, statistical, and econometric analyses to assess the impact of mobile technologies on interregional information transfer, commodity-money flows, and migration. The study demonstrates the diversity in the availability of mobile internet access among residents in various categories of border and interior regions. Furthermore, the research establishes a link between the quantity of transmitted digital data, the import-export of goods and services, international migration, and two key metrics: the accessibility of 4G mobile internet and the number of mobile subscribers. The article pinpoints specific border regions within the Russian Federation, including Krasnodar Krai, Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, Smolensk, Rostov, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Samara, and Kursk regions. These regions exhibit pronounced potential for executing integration functions through the advancement of digital technologies, particularly under favourable geopolitical conditions.

Tourism Development in Border Regions of Russia: Methodological Foundations of Typology and its Approbation

Tourism Development in Border Regions of Russia: Methodological Foundations of Typology and its Approbation

ПРИГРАНИЧНЫЕ РЕГИОНЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОЦЕНКИ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

The study of the dynamics of interstate interactions during globalization and regionalization of the world economy enabled to accumulate a significant amount of theoretical and empirical results, which can be used to assess the impact of cross-border trade cooperation on regional economic development. A particular interest is using different approaches and methods for the analysis of the development of border regions in the context of integration. The author compares the dynamics of some border regions of the Union State of Russia and Belarus, the EU and a number of other states involved in the integration processes. He attempts to summarize the most significant conclusions of Russian and foreign scholars studying the impact of interstate integration on the socio-economic situation of border regions. He notes that certain opportunities for assessing the impact of a region’s border position on its development are provided by the new theory of trade and new economic geography. The study has shown that the impact of integration on the development of border regions differs a lot. It depends on various goals and motives behind the convergence of independent states, as well as on unique institutional factors of border areas.

The Role of the New Era Chinese Spirit in the Economic Development of Border Regions

The Role of the New Era Chinese Spirit in the Economic Development of Border Regions

Socio-economic differentiation of border regions by the example of Russia and Finland: Factor analysis

Border regions in modern conditions have a special status which is determined by the geopolitical position. The Russian-Finnish borderland was characterized by a high level of activity, which provided the border regions with opportunities for economic growth. The development of the border regions of Russia and Finland diff signifi by socio-economic indicators. A comparative analysis will make it possible to assess the existing gap between the territories and identify possible areas for cooperation between the territories. The object of the study is the border regions of Russia and Finland. The aim of the study is to assess the economic development and diff processes of the border regions of Russia and Finland. The study collected a system of indicators to analyze the development of border regions, which made it possible to assess the level of socio-economic development of border regions of Russia and Finland. The analytical work used the data of Rosstat, Finstat, on the basis of which the database on socio-economic indicators of development of border regions was collected. The comparative assessment was carried out by applying the method of factor analysis (L. Thurstone’s centroid method). Analytical work was carried out with the help of the package of applied programs Statistica. Based on a certain set of indicators refl the socio-economic development of the border regions of Russia and Finland, the characteristics were built based on the values of the regions in the space of latent factors and their heterogeneity was assessed. The construction was formed on the basis of the use of factor analysis of integral characteristics that include the socio-economic indicators under study. The conducted study of the assessment of the development of border regions of Russia and Finland has identifi a high level of lagging behind the Russian border regions from the Finnish border regions according to the majority of indicators. An important result is also a signifi diff between Finnish border regions by the cumulative factor “provision of territory with resources”, Finnish border regions showed a signifi gap in relation to each other.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BORDER REGIONS OF A NUMBER OF FOREIGN CONTRIES AND RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the issue of assessing the level of socio-economic development of border regions in foreign countries in the context of similar domestic experience. The analysis is based on a comparison of the countries of the world in terms of the level of interregional differentiation in terms of gross regional product per capita and a correlation analysis of the GRP per capita with the share of the titular ethnic group in the structure of the population of border regions, as a significant subjective influencing factor. The analysis shows that the deepest lag of border territories is characteristic of multi-ethnic states with administrative division along ethnic lines. A typical representative of countries with a cultural and civilizational type of border area is China, for which the correlation between the indicators of gross regional product per capita and the relative share of the titular ethnic group in the composition of the population in the border areas as of 2010 was 0.55. At the same time, by the 1920s, China should reduce the gap in the backlog of ethnic border areas to the level of the absence of a connection between the GRP indicator and the share of the titular ethnic group in the population of the provinces. The analysis shows that the cultural and civilizational type of the borderlands, characterized by a relatively low share of the titular ethnic group in the structure of the population, requires that this factor be taken into account as one of the key factors in the implementation of investment projects and integrated projects for the development of such territories. Unlike those for border areas with a relatively homogeneous population structure (spatial-economic type of border areas) with a predominance of the titular ethnic group, it is possible to limit oneself to standard approaches to stimulating economic activity and economic growth. From this point of view, the experience of developing the Tibetan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions of China may be relevant for solving the problems of the development of Russia's ethnic borderlands.

The effect of COVID-19 on cross-border mobilities of people and functional border regions: the Nordic case study from Twitter data

ABSTRACT Mobility is a global megatrend in our contemporary world as people are constantly crossing nation-state borders for migration, tourism, work and due to mobile transnational lives. Cross-border practices contribute to (re)produce functional border regions between different countries. The current amount of information on the geographies of cross-border mobilities of people, the creation of functional cross-border regions and how these regions change over time is inadequate. As transnational phenomena are fragile to global disruptions and prone to ‘rebordering’ in times of emergency, we lack knowledge of how the COVID-19 crisis affected border practices and functioning regions. We consider mobility to be a tool for understanding society and used big data to examine cross-border mobilities between the five Nordic countries: when and where borders were crossed, how mobilities captured functional border regions, and evaluated the influence of COVID-19 on mobilities and functional border regions from a spatio-temporal perspective. The feasibility of the proposed methodology for monitoring cross-border mobilities and border regions to improve planning and development of border regions and decision-making in future crises is discussed. We studied a 4-year Twitter dataset, including the first year of the pandemic until February 2021. We found that overall cross-border mobility decreased by 68% due to the pandemic, yet with geographical and temporal variations. We showed how the influence of the pandemic on the spatial extent of functional border regions varies for a range of reasons for cross-border mobility. We discuss the feasibility of the proposed approach for monitoring cross-border interactions as the proof-of-concept for capturing functional border regions to improve planning and development of border regions and decision-making in future crises. Finally, we highlight future avenues in enhancing our proposed methodology to improve information on cross-border mobilities derived from social media data such as Twitter.

Социокультурные риски и угрозы для развития приграничных регионов

The article discusses the features of the development of border regions and highlights he socio-cultural risks and threats that arise in the border area. The study identifies trends for predicting possible vectors for the development of border regions and for making managerial decisions. The authors consider regional factors expressing the cultural and civilizational features of the border countries and the modern world development. The article focuses on the socio-cultural transformations in the Russian-Ukrainian, Russian-Belarusian and Russian-European border areas, which determine the features of the border development of the regions.

Unravelling Local Dynamics in the Sino-North Korean Border Region

ABSTRACT Contrary to the conventional understanding of North Korean borders as classic barriers that block infiltration of outside influences, this paper argues that the Sino-North Korean border region has undergone considerable transformations, especially at the local level. By analysing local-level trans-border activities, it shows that North Korea seeks to develop the Sino-North Korean border region as a space of opportunity. Even the heightened political conflicts between China and North Korea and the tightened international sanctions against North Korea failed to dampen local actors’ economic imperatives, particularly after the 2012 and 2013 decentralisations in North Korea. Local actors were active in driving trans-border economic practices and, in turn, transformed the Sino-North Korean border region into potential cross-border cooperation zones. Although there has been conflict and competition in border region development between North Korea and China, we argue that local governments and entrepreneurs’ efforts to maximise economic independence in the border regions are persisting, and their geo-economic imperatives are important factors in reshaping the Sino-North Korean border region by initiating and advancing trans-border interactions.

An information support system for studying environmental aspects of the economic development of border regions

The present research aims to develop a scientific basis for information support system for studying environmental aspects of the economic development of border regions. The relevance of this goal stems from the peculiarities of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative’ border regions in Russia, China and Kazakhstan in terms of various aspects of economy-environment interaction in specific territories. Based on the generalization of analytical materials and scientific publications, we propose the ways to form a system of information support for the studying, which can be used to develop an ecological and economic integration policy of border regions. Approbation of the approach proposed by the authors was carried out within the framework of the scientific research program of the Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS.

TAJIK-AFGHAN BORDER AREAS AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC and ETHNOCULTURAL CONTACT ZONE

In the modern world, borders are often no longer perceived as a barrier, but, on the contrary, become a contact zone for border regions, engaging nations and peoples, their cultures and economies. Presumably, at present the remoteness of any area from a country’s center does not imply its cultural or economic backwardness; conversely, it most likely offers additional opportunities for economic and socio-cultural development. This article examines the border regions of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, their cooperation and the consequences of these ties for their socio-economic development. The beginning of the post-Soviet period was characterized by weak economic ties between Tajikistan and Afghanistan due to the civil wars that affected both countries at the time. The countries also lacked the transport infrastructure required for cross-border trade and cooperation. Subsequently, through the efforts of the authorities of the two countries and international organizations, these problems began to be resolved. The article’s scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the socio-demographic development of the border areas in Tajikistan and Afghanistan and the identification of the key forms of ethnocultural interaction of the border population. As a result of the study, the authors identify and characterize the forms of socio-economic and ethnocultural contacts that occur through border trade, commercial migration, education and the integration of refugees into the Tajik community. The significant role of these contacts plays a significant role in the life of the population of the border areas, which are cut off from the centers of their countries. First, it is a mutually complementary process that involves obtaining new knowledge and strengthening ties. Secondly, cross-border trade and commercial migration between Tajikistan and Afghanistan play a vital role in the livelihoods of the respective communities and support the development of border regions, contributing to the development of friendly relations between countries and act as effective methods of fighting poverty, creating new jobs and providing income for the population of the border regions. In addition, the study examined the programs and projects of international organizations that contribute to the development and strengthening of border relations between Tajikistan and Afghanistan in the sphere of border trade and strengthening of security. The authors conducted an observation and a survey at the border market, where residents of the neighboring territories of Tajikistan and Afghanistan come together. The observation revealed that for many households, border markets are the only platforms for earning money.

Management of the development of border regions as a tourist destination

The subject of this article is about the development of tourist activities in the region. The increase inthe material well-being of the local population leads to an increase in the social level. The subject of thisarticle is the development of tourist activities in the Lankaran economic region, which is a border region.The object of the research is the tourist activity of the border region.The research method is a comparative analysis of tourism in the economic region of Azerbaijan.The main attention is paid to the mechanism of management of the development of the border region.The development of the border region as a tourist destination is the main goal in the proposed work. Toachieve the goal, it is proposed to create a special economic zone for tourist destinations in the indicatedterritory. The leadership for the implementation of the adopted Development Program is transferred tothe Regional Tourism Council. The implementation of the adopted regional development program isassociated with the development of tourist clusters, the attraction of domestic and foreign investors, entrepreneursof related industries, and joint activities in the region. The development of the region locatedat the state border presupposes close cooperation of the regions on both sides of the state border, the transformation of the region into an international transport hub. The results of this work can be applied tothe management of regional tourism activities. The article concludes that a clear administrative phasedimplementation of the Program as a result will lead to an increase in the volume of the region’s domesticproduct, an improvement in the quality of services offered and, as a result, an increase in the materialwell-being of the local population, and the recognition of the region in the international tourism market.Promotion of the region as a single tourist product will speed up the process of recognizing this territoryas a tourist destination.Key words: cross-border region, special economic zone for tourism, tourism cluster, single tourismproduct.