The paper is devoted to some issues of ensuring the efficiency of research and development in the field of aviation industry. Special attention is given to the groundwork in the area of aircraft engine building. We specify the basic standard requirements to aircraft engines, their parts and components, logistic support; requirements to the processes of creating, manufacturing, conditions of operation and maintenance, overhaul, storing, disposal; leading standard technologies or those already implemented in aircraft items. We point out the key areas of activity: additive technologies and additive manufacturing – systems of producing/growing optimal material objects, first of all, 3D printing (selective laser sintering, fusion), infusion and PIM-technologies, methods of surface treatment, development of bionics and use of honeycomb or composite structures with an optimal microstructure; mathematical modeling and supercomputer engineering to optimize various characteristics and processes of additive manufacturing.