Development Of Automotive Industry Research Articles

Soft Actor–Critic DRL for Live Transcoding and Streaming in Vehicular Fog-Computing-Enabled IoV

With the rapid development of automotive industry and telecommunication technologies, live streaming services in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) play an even more crucial role in vehicular infotainment systems. However, it is a big challenge to provide a high quality, low latency, and low bitrate variance live streaming service for vehicles due to the dynamic properties of wireless resources and channels of IoV. To solve this challenge, we propose a novel live video transcoding and streaming scheme that maximizes the video bitrate and decreases time-delays and bitrate variations in vehicular fog-computing (VFC)-enabled IoV, by jointly optimizing vehicle scheduling, bitrate selection, and computational/spectrum resource allocation. This joint optimization problem is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), considering time-varying characteristics of the available resources and wireless channels of IoV. A soft actor–critic deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm that is based on the maximum entropy framework, is subsequently utilized to solve the above MDP. Extensive simulation results based on the data set of the real world show that compared to other baseline algorithms, the proposed scheme can effectively improve video quality while decreasing latency and bitrate variations, and access excellent performance in terms of learning speed and stability.

Application Analysis of Embedded System in Vehicle Electronics

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for automobiles has also increased. Cars have become an important tool for people to travel. The automotive industry has also achieved very good results after many years of development, especially in the area of electronic technology. As a necessary part of automobiles, automotive electronics, and the application of embedded systems to automotive electronics has become the focus of development of the current automotive industry. Looking at the majority of controllable systems in automobiles, such as body control, engine management, in-vehicle entertainment systems, Bluetooth systems, they all rely on the help of embedded systems. For this reason, this article will focus on the application status of embedded systems in automotive electronics.

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Automotive Industry in Nigeria

This exploratory study of the prospects of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Nigeria was necessitated by developments in the global automotive industry, where the proportion of EVs to total vehicle sales is growing significantly. This importance of EVs arose because of the need for efficient, clean and environmentally-friendly vehicles, given the need to shift away from reliance on wasting energy sources to power vehicles. The study relied exclusively on secondary data sourced from academic journals, industry figures and government publications. EVs are of nascent interest in Nigeria, with their potential introduction still being subjected to scrutiny and public discourse. The global EV market is dominated by China and some European countries where deadlines have been set for moving away from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, with the possibility that these disused vehicles may thereafter be imported into Nigerian markets. The impact of the introduction of EVs into the Nigerian market includes the possible reduction of crude oil output and the attendant government revenue generated therefrom, its welcome effect on climate change and public health and less reliance on repairs and maintenance sector of the industry. Challenges revolve around the inadequacy of electricity which is critical for the EVs, procuring inputs like lithium and cobalt and provision of charging facilities and good road network. The study recommended the need for strong policy direction to chart the way forward and devoting resources to Research and Development of EVs.

Investigation into Innovative Fabrication of Fiber Metal Laminated Pipe and Application

Fiber reinforced metal laminated tube (FMLT) is a kind of multi-layer super-hybrid material which is cured at a fixed pressure and temperature after alternately laying metal laminated tube and fiber composite material. The development of GLARE composite pipe hydroforming technology and performance testing is of great significance to the development of aviation industry and automotive industry in terms of lightweight and safety.

Harmonization approach to state regulation of development of automotive industry: basic postulates, advantages, disadvantages

Introduction. The automotive industry is an integral and strategically important part of the national economy. Today, in Ukraine, the mechanism of state regulation of development of the automotive industry includes a wide range of legal, administrative, economic and social-psychological methods that potentially have significant effectiveness in stimulating the development of the automotive industry. In practice, domestic automakers are actually left alone by the government with their problems. The purpose of the paper is development of basic postulates, identification of potential advantages and disadvantages of the harmonization approach to state regulation of development of the automotive industry. Results. The basic postulates of the harmonization approach to the state regulation of development of the automotive industry are stated in the article on the example of formation of the state strategy of development of the automotive industry on the basis of harmonization with state strategic imperatives and strategies of development of the automotive enterprises. The application of the harmonization approach to the state regulation of development of the automotive industry allows to form a state strategy, taking into account the strategy of development of the automotive enterprises. Also, the separation of the priority directions of the state strategy for the development of the automotive industry from the national strategic imperatives promotes the harmonization and, thus, the synergization of the legal framework. Restrictions on the application of the harmonization approach to the state regulation of development of the automotive industry are: a small number of subjects of the automotive complex; the ordinariness of problems and obstacles to the development of the automotive enterprises; risks of lobbying the interests of some automakers and abuse of state support by automotive enterprises. Conclusion. In view of the fact that the application of the harmonization approach can distort the competitive environment in the automobile market in view of the strengthening of the state protectionism of the domestic automakers, it is recommended that the mandatory limitation in time and systematically control the implementation of state strategies for the development of the automotive industry. The prospect of further research is the development of organizational and information support for the application of the harmonization approach to the state regulation of development of the automotive industry.

Conceptual Key Competency Model for Smart Factories in Production Processes

Abstract Background and Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual key competency model for smart factories in production processes, focused on the automotive industry, as innovation and continuous development in this industry are at the forefront and represent the key to its long-term success. Methodology: For the purpose of the research, we used a semi-structured interview as a method of data collection. Participants were segmented into three homogeneous groups, which are industry experts, university professors and secondary education teachers, and government experts. In order to analyse the qualitative data, we used the method of content analysis. Results: Based on the analysis of the data collected by structured interviews, we identified the key competencies that workers in smart factories in the automotive industry will need. The key competencies are technical skills, ICT skills, innovation and creativity, openness to learning, ability to accept and adapt to change, and various soft skills. Conclusion: Our research provides insights for managers working in organisations that are transformed by Industry 4.0. For instance, human resource managers can use our results to study what competencies potential candidates need to perform well on the job, particularly in regards to planning future job profiles in regards related to production processes. Moreover, they can design competency models in a way that is coherent with the trends of Industry 4.0. Educational policy makers should design curricula that develop mentioned competencies. In the future, the results presented here can be compared and contrasted with findings obtained by applying other empirical methods.

Analiza hibridnog kompozita na bazi bronze kod klipa benzinskog motora

The development in automotive industry leads to economy and comfort of the vehicles and thus forces the designers to develop new materials for the improved performance. In this work, Bronze hybrid composite with Aluminium and Silicon reinforcement for spark ignition engine piston was fabricated through vacuum stir casting process. Conventional machining techniques such as turning, drilling and boring etc., were used to manufacture the piston. Thermal analysis on the composite piston was carried out using Finite Element Software ANSYS. The mechanical properties tensile and impact strength and hardness of the composite were measured. Wear analysis on the composite material was carried out and wear rate was calculated. The results were compared with the existing material and found enhanced with bronze hybrid composites. Emission test was also carried out and found improved. Microstructure examination was carried out to study the structure of the composites.

The Political Economy of Automotive Industry Development Policy in Middle Income Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Egypt, India, South Africa and Turkey

This paper examines the political economy of development policy through the prism of four country case studies (Egypt, India, South Africa and Turkey) of the automotive industry. The objective is not simply to examine the developmental impact of automotive policy, but to illustrate how the policy regime has been the outcome of a contested process. Early growth in the auto sector in the four case countries was enabled by rents from protected markets. The emergence of competitive firms is critically dependent on the nature of state–business relationships and the net outcome of the rent-seeking process in the sector. This hinges on the bargaining power of business, foreign or domestic, vis a vis the government. If firms capture subsidies in return for support to weak and vulnerable ruling coalitions, the auto sector in that country can become the classic case of an infant industry remaining stunted. Where the distribution of power is such that ruling coalitions are able to discipline firms in the auto sector, so that they become globally competitive, developmental outcomes have been positive.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS AN ADVANTAGE AND OBSTACLE FOR GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

The paper investigates how business costs affect sustainable development policies of world’s leading automotive producers. The core idea of the paper is to determine if business strategies have any effect on the three sustainable development pillars of world’s leading automotive producers. The analysis involves the period of 2006 – 2017 with world’s top 15 automotive producers from three different continents. In this paper, the use of fixed effects model will help in analyzing automotive producer’s efforts to achieve sustainable development goals with particular analysis of economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable development in automotive industry. The result showed that economic pillar of sustainable development is more affected by business policy than other two, yet those not so strongly and significantly. This kind of research might contribute in conceptualizing new, efficient and effective business strategies for automotive producers in their attempt to achieve sustainable development goals as soon as possible

Development of Technical Diagnostic System for Internal Combustion Engines

This article describes methods of development of technical diagnostic systems for internal combustion engines. The automotive industry plays a leading role in the economy of any state. The history of the development of the global automotive industry is closely linked with the development of many branches of engineering. So, by the beginning of the 20th century, the automobile industry began to consume half of the steel and iron produced, three-quarters of rubber and leather, a third part of nickel and aluminum, and a seventh part of wood and copper. Autobuilding came in first place in terms of production among other branches of engineering, began to have a serious impact on the economic life of states. By the beginning of World War I, the car park on the globe was about 2 million. Of these, 1.3 million were in the USA, 245 thousand in England, 100 thousand in France, 57 thousand in Austria-Hungary, 12 thousand—to Italy, 10 thousand—to the Russia.

The effect of different types of ageing on adhesive properties of steel cord. Salt aging

The development of the world automotive industry is aimed at creating new, both in design and properties of tires that can operate in high dynamic loads under different operating conditions. The most probable cause of aging of automobile tires is considered in the article; one of methods of laboratory tests for the accelerated aging of system rubber-metal cord is described. The dependence of the influence of the metal cord design on the adhesion characteristics of the rubberized metal cord and its resistance to aging is also analyzed.

АЛГОРИТМ ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЇ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ МОДЕЛІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ

UDC 338.45; JEL Classification: L 52Purpose: development of the algorithm of harmonization of the elements of the model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development. Methodology of research: method of analysis and synthesis, system approach, comparative analysis, expert and statistical methods, author's model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development on the principles of the harmonization approach. Findings: the algorithm of harmonization of the elements of the model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development is developed. This algorithm consists of four stages: 1) identification of the existence of the binary contradictions between the elements of the model (through the construction of the diagnostic cards); 2) adjustment of the elements of the model for prevent the contradictions; 3) assessment of the level of harmonization between the elements of the model; 4) development of the complete or reduced program of harmonization of the model. The diagnostic cards of the existence of the binary contradictions in the harmonization model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development are constructed. The level of harmonization between the elements of the model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development is estimated. Originality: the developed algorithm is the methodological basis for the practical implementation of the harmonization model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development, which, in contrast to the available in the scientific literature models of the state protectionism of the automotive industry development, provides for the harmonization of the unified model of the state regulation of development of the automotive industry and the strategic sets of the automotive enterprises. Practical value: the developed algorithm of harmonization of the elements of the model of formation of the state strategy of the automotive industry development is recommended for use by the state authorities, which responsible for the management of the automotive industry development.

Digital aspects of development of the modern world vehicle market on the example of electric vehicles

Automobilization is one of key factors of development of developed and emerging countries’ economy, therefore existence of the created, competitive automotive industry is the most important prerequisite of successful social and economic development of subjects of the world economy. The present stage of development of world automotive industry in the conditions of digitalization indissolubly and everywhere is connected with implementation of new technologies and also with transformation of commodity structure of production in which the significant share belongs to vehicles of new type. The purpose of this article was the research of digital aspects of transformation of world automotive industry on the example of the market of electric vehicles. It was established, that exhaustion of natural resources and the high prices of primary energy sources lead to gradual replacement in the market of vehicles in favor of electric vehicles. The structure of the modern world market of electric vehicles, which segments have different dynamics of development has been presented in the article. The main advantages and shortcomings of electric vehicles have been revealed. The last are in many respects caused by unavailability of national economies to essentially new industry. It has been established, that intensive development of the world market of electric vehicles will depend in the long term on modification of strategy of the international manufacturing companies as a result of digitalization and a new wave of scientific and technical progress. It as been proved that the Asian market of electric vehicles will develop the advancing rates in comparison with other regional markets. Improvement of measures of the state support of the electromobile industry remains relevant aspect for all countries of the world. In Russia existence of natural restrictions both in the sphere of production, and in the sphere of consumption, slows down development of the market of electric vehicles, including its hybrid segment.

Концептуальні положення державного програмування розвитку автомобілебудування України

Концептуальні положення державного програмування розвитку автомобілебудування України

METHODICAL TOOLS FOR THE FORECASTING THE ECONOMIC RISKS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE STIMULATION OF THE INTERNAL DEMAND FOR THE AUTOMOBILES

Automotive industry is the strategically important part of the industry, which making the significant contribution in the formation of the gross domestic product, the attraction of investments and the creation of workplaces. The world experience of the automotive industry development shows the active participation of the states governments in the formation of the national automobile construction complexes, in particular, in the direction of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the domestic automobiles. At the same time, the growth of the internal demand for the domestic automobiles due to using the state measures creates not only new opportunities for the automotive enterprises, but also new threats. One of these threats is the risk of not receiving the desired economic effect (profit) by the automotive enterprises. The purpose of the article is the development of the methodical tools for the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles. In the article the methodical tools for the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles through the calculation of the amount of the expected profit and the level of the optimal economic risk are developed. At the same time, the forecasting the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles is proposed to implement in the six variants of the ratio of the initial internal demand for the domestic automobiles, the planned (expected as the result of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles) demand for the domestic automobiles and the production capacity of the automotive enterprises. It was found out that the factors that cause the increase of the economic risks of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles are: the amount of the variable costs; the amount of the costs for the payment of the personnel labor of the enterprise; the cost of the automotive products; the size of the penalties for the failure to comply with the conditions of the concluded contracts for the production of automobiles; the amount of the capital investments. The factors that contribute to the reducing the economic risk of the automotive enterprises in the conditions of the state stimulation of the internal demand for the automobiles are: the volume of the orders for the automobiles, which was not accepted for the consideration when the planned production indicators were set; the value of the additional internal demand for the automobiles of the domestic production; the level of the income rate.

Competitiveness Outlook of the Automotive Industry in the V4 Countries

Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities of the automotive industry development in the V4 countries in the near future. Automotive is one of the most important industries in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. However, it faces significant challenges on both the demand and supply side. The shortage of qualified and relatively cheap labour force, once the important comparative advantage of these countries is becoming a major problem in sustaining the competitiveness. Meanwhile the rise of protectionist policies and trade tensions also pose a significant threat to the exportoriented industry. The third important source of change is the technological advancement. Industry 4.0, electromobility and self-driving cars are reshaping the whole business model. In order to stay competitive, the V4 countries have to take all these factors in account and try to adjust their policies to these changes in environment.

SWOT-АНАЛІЗ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДІВНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The paper seeks to explore the issues of the automotive industry development given its strategic importance to Ukrainian machinery manufacturing sector. Currently, Ukraine's automotive industry challenges special attention, since in response to strong negative effects from multiple socioeconomic and global political environment factors, there has been a significant decrease in the number of automobile companies. Car manufacturers who managed to survive in the national automotive industry market suffer from a wide range of various problems of industrial, staff, managerial, innovation, investment, financial, strategic or market nature. It is assumed that functioning of Ukrainian car manufacturing companies in the current dynamic realia claims for building their new development strategies. However, effective strategic planning is associated with proper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the domestic automakers and the opportunities and threats for their successful performance. From this perspective, there is a growing need for an integrated assessment of all external and internal environment impact factors to identify the opportunities and prospects of automotive industry in Ukraine. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a SWOT analysis of Ukraine’s automotive industry. To attain the above objectives, the following research methods have been employed: the method of analysis and synthesis – to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Ukrainian automotive industry as well as the opportunities and threats for their successful functioning; the system approach – to construct the variations of "strengths – opportunities", "weaknesses – opportunities", "strengths – threats", "weaknesses – threats" of the SWOT matrix of the Ukrainian automotive industry. The results of the integrated assessment of the competitiveness of Ukrainian automotive companies revealed their strengths and weaknesses along with identifying opportunities and threats to ensure successful performance of the domestic automotive companies. The specific pathways to implement the "maxi – maxi", "maxi – mini", "mini – maxi" and "mini – mini" strategies at the enterprises of the automotive industry in Ukraine have been developed. The outcomes of the SWOT analysis might lay the basis for building effective strategies to boost the national car manufacturing and ultimately contribute to the overall government strategy for enhancing Ukraine's automotive industry in the frameworks of the harmonization approach.

Control of Automotive Component Project Development Cost

With the development of the global automotive industry, the cycle of vehicle replacement is becoming shorter and shorter. The amount of automotive components development project is increasing, but the project development cycle has been shortened. Based on researching the cost structure and actual development task, put forward the cost control method by combining WBS, CBS and OBS can be helpful to speed up the development work and control the development cost.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ

An important part of domestic machine-building sector is the automotive industry represented mainly by car, truck and bus manufacturing. It is hardly a secret nowadays that the Ukrainian automotive industry is facing tough times, thus failing to withstand strong competition from foreign car manufacturers. In this context, as never before, the issue to enhance the government support of domestic automakers is of a critical importance. It is expected that the implementation of government strategy for automotive industry development will have different effects at discrete automotive companies subject to their different competitiveness level. Hence, there is a need to conduct a research on developing a methodological toolkit for the automotive company competitiveness evaluation. The research objective is to construct a methodological framework to assess automotive manufacturers’ competitiveness in the context of building the government strategy to enhance the automotive industry development. The study has employed the following methods: a monographic method and the method of theoretical generalization to identify the most widely used methodological approaches to company competitiveness assessment; a method of analysis and synthesis for elaborating a methodology to assess the automotive industry competitiveness in the context of building the government strategy for automotive industry development. Based on the combination of integral and matrix approaches, an evaluation framework to estimate the automotive company competitiveness has been designed. The method suggested, in contrast to other techniques described in academic literature, allows for the identification of car manufacturers competitiveness by integral indices values along with revealing the stages of their life cycle. The synthesis of the results of automakers competitiveness estimation and identification of the stages in their life cycle laid the foundation for the construction of the automotive industry development matrix which in turn is the basis for tailoring of government strategy to enhance the automotive industry development. Working out a set of methodological tools to evaluate the competitiveness of the automotive industry contributes to further development of methodical framework of government regulation in terms of facilitating the automotive industry competitiveness towards its focus differentiation, thus increasing the managerial effectiveness.

Combustion Characteristics of Various Octane Rating Fuels for Automotive Thermal Engines Efficiency Requirements

The key concern of the Malaysian national automotive industry is the development of clean and efficient automotive industry in the country. The fuel RON95 and RON97 are more commonly used in Malaysian transportation industry. The debatable studies have been conducted to investigate both types of these fuels used in Malaysia. The findings indicated RON95 to be more cheap and economic comparing to RON97. The probability of enhancement in engine performance by decreasing hazardous gases was experimentally investigated in this study using three types of gasoline with RON95, 97 and 102. The Mitsubishi Campro CPS 1.6 L4 engine with compression ratio 11: 1 is used in this study. Under various load and speed conditions the findings of the study indicated that fuel RON97 shows enhancement in BSFC, reduced by 13% comparing to RON102 and by 24% comparing to RON95. RON97 shows higher torque and engine power versus the RON102 and RON95. Brake thermal efficiency of RON97 was found higher with 14% than RON102 and with 30% than RON95. The lower NOx emission was found using high octane of RON102 gasoline by an average of 25%, and 102% compared to RON95 and RON97. The lower octane number fuel RON95 gave higher levels of CO compared to high octane number of RON97 and RON102 fuels. The study concluded that RON97 offers high performance and efficiency in all operating condition from low speed to high speed. Moreover, it is found to be environmental friendly, as far as octane rating regarding its energy potential. It is asserted that RON97 fuel is appropriate for widely used Malaysian engine models comparing to the most common RON95 fuel, in terms of engine power, fuel economy, and overall emissions.