Development In Argentina Research Articles

Before Biodiversity: Trajectories of National Parks in Latin America (1930s–1980s)

Abstract Almost a century ago, long before biodiversity expressed a scientific value for nature, Latin American countries began establishing national parks. Today, they represent over 6 percent of Latin America’s landmass. By considering national park creation across a broad regional span and six crucial decades, this article explains a mode of state formation focused on caring for nature instead of just exploiting it. It examines how national parks expanded in the region by identifying three consequent trajectories: the use of these conservation units for frontier development in Argentina and as part of a broader project seeking social justice in Mexico; the formation of more haphazard park initiatives in various countries, taking Brazil and Chile as main examples; and the development of ecologically coherent park systems through the cases of Peru and Colombia. The article also addresses the role of science (especially forestry) and international cooperation in shaping national parks. In this manner, it uncovers the paths that faded from view after the idea that parks intend to protect biodiversity took hold and illustrates a rarely acknowledged aspect of state expansion.

SWOL2023: Report of Space Weather Observations Throughout Latinoamerica: Filling the Southern Gaps

AbstractThe “Space Weather Observations throughout Latinoamerica: Filling the Southern gaps” Workshop took place in Ushuaia, Argentina, from 2 to 4 October 2023. This event was exclusively dedicated to Space Weather (SWx), gathering leading international academic and governmental agencies focused on the subject. The meeting addressed the field of SWx from three perspectives: driving phenomena occurring in the solar atmosphere, evolution in the interplanetary environment, and interaction with the Earth. In addition, emphasis was placed on identifying key research directions in solar and space physics that warrant development in Argentina and across the region in the forthcoming years. The workshop also focused on the current observational infrastructure that supports SWx studies, and how to improve and develop it through strategic international partnerships, stressing on the need for real‐time data. The conference fostered discussion among different partners involved in SWx studies, that is, researchers and potential space weather service providers, and the need to include in this debate potential users of space weather services.

Ideas e ideologías en la Argentina de los años 20: el antifascismo antes del antifascis-mo

The article attempts to develop an analysis of the ideas that were developed about anti-fascism in Argentina in the 1920s. To do so, it studies a series of cultural magazines with a cos-mopolitan and/or left-wing ideological orientation (Nosotros, Los pensadores, Claridad, Valoraciones, Izquierda, Sagitario). The hypothesis is proposed that in a global context of circula-tion of ideas, the fascist political model is analyzed with curiosity, its anti-worker and authoritarian component is challenged, but it is recognized as a specific expression of Italian political life, of impossible development in Argentina. Unlike what would happen in the 1930s, anti-fascism was a non-central component of the national political debate during those years.

The International Labour Organization and Management Development in Argentina

This article explores how the International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced management development programs in Argentina as a pilot project in developing countries in the late 1950s. By studying how the ILO worked together with actors at the national level, the article reveals how the ILO’s original idea to focus on top management development was reshaped through a dialogue with local actors within the context of tripartite cooperation between the government, business organizations, and unions. While the initiative was successful during the project period, it collapsed when Argentina’s government closed down the national productivity center with which the ILO was cooperating. While the tripartite principle was valuable for the first achievements, it was extremely vulnerable without the support of all partners.

International Borders, Integration and Economic Development: Evidence from Argentina

This paper analyzes the effects of international borders and of trade agreements on subnational development in Argentina. The identification strategy leverages the Mercosur trade services agreement in 2005, and the different proximity of the districts to the international border with member countries. Two main outcomes are analyzed: economic growth and inequality. For this purpose, an annual panel of districts covering more than two decades (1992-2013) is used. The results show that the presence of an international border has a negative and significant effect on the economic growth of border districts (-0.14 percentage points of GDP annually) but also contributes to reducing inequality compared to districts without a border. On the other hand, a commercial integration agreement tends to partially offset the negative effects on economic growth (+0.04 percentage points of GDP annually). The results of the paper are relevant in terms of trade and development policy recommendations: deepening integration agreements constitutes a potential mechanism to boost growth in the poorest regions and thus reduce subnational disparities.

Fifty years of biophysics in Argentina.

In 1972, a group of young Argentinean scientists nucleated in the so-called Membrane Club constituted the Biophysical Society of Argentina (SAB). Over the years, this Society has grown and embraced new areas of research and emerging technologies. In this commentary, we provide an overview of the early stages of biophysics development in Argentina and highlight some of the notable achievements made during the past five decades. The SAB Annual Meetings have been a platform for intense scientific discussions, and the Society has fostered numerous international connections, becoming a hallmark of SAB activities over these 50 years. Initially centered on membrane biophysics, SAB focus has since expanded to encompass diverse fields such as molecular, cellular, and systems biophysics.

Investigating the Nexus between Energy Consumption and Financial Development via Considering Structural Breaks: Empirical Evidence from Argentina

The purpose of this study was to explore energy consumption and financial development in Argentina from 1965 to 2015. Our results show no significant structural breaks during the analysis. We have found a non-linear, inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and energy consumption. Moreover, we have observed a bidirectional causality between energy consumption and financial development, as well as a similar relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. We have also observed a unidirectional relationship between financial development to economic growth. Our findings have significant policy implications, highlighting the importance of financial development, economic growth, and urbanization for energy consumption in Argentina.

Mammals of the Tandilia Mountain system, current species inhabiting Pampean highland grasslands

Neotropical temperate grasslands comprise the Pampas ecoregion in Argentina. This region is also the center of agricultural development in Argentina, which has led to a significant simplification and homogenization of the landscape. The Tandilia Mountains, located in the Southeast of the ecoregion, house one of the last remnants of the highland grassland that acts as a refuge for several native species, including both endemic and threatened species. This work aims to present an updated inventory of mammal species that inhabit the highland grassland remnants of the Tandilia Mountains. We used several sources of information to compile the list, including museum collections, citizen science projects (i.e., iNaturalist, EcoRegistros, and Argentinian Network for Monitoring Run Over Fauna), literature, and personal observations. We recorded 40 species of mammals, which include 32 native species and eight exotic species. The richest orders were Rodentia (42.5%), Chiroptera (17.5%), and Carnivora (12.2%). The native mammals found in the Tandilia Mountains represent 44% of the mammal diversity of the Pampas ecoregion, among which there are endemic species of the ecoregion, species whose populations are declining globally, and threatened species. Unfortunately, the presence of protected areas in the system is limited to a few small ones, which highlights the urgency of increasing the number and variety of protected areas. The information presented in this work contributes to the knowledge of biodiversity and the planning of conservation actions for the last remnants of highland grasslands.

Reconsidering automotive development strategies in Argentina in the light of the ASEAN experience

We compared the Argentinian automotive industry’s trajectory since 2000 with those corresponding to three ASEAN economies: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. We aimed to identify factors explaining the divergence among the four cases and to draw valuable conclusions for the re-design of Argentinian automotive policy. First, we considered the productive and foreign trade performance among the four cases. We then reviewed key industrial policies conducted over the period. Comparative analysis highlights the Thai experience, which posted outstanding performance on both industrial expansion and trade surplus. Moreover, we examined the high potential for selective policies incentivizing specific products and technologies, which can promote private strategies more aligned with macroeconomic stability and industrial development in Argentina.

A missing link in the agrarian question: the role of ground-rent and landed property in capital accumulation. The case of Argentina (1993-2019)

ABSTRACT This article examines the relevance of ground-rent and landed property for the economic and political forms of capital accumulation in Argentina. This specific focus on capitalist development in Argentina is more broadly framed as a theoretical intervention within recent debates on Agrarian Marxism, which addresses the major issues under controversy through the lenses of an original methodologically-minded approach to the Marxian critique of political economy. Empirical quantitative evidence for the theoretical discussion is offered through the presentation of an estimate of ground-rent and its appropriation by landowners between 1993 and 2019.

A Thousand Days-A programme for vulnerable early childhood in Argentina: Targeting, dropout risk factors and correlates of time to graduation.

Mil Días (A Thousand Days) is a programme for the first thousand days of life, from gestation to 2 years of age, targeted at highly vulnerable children and/or mothers and pregnant women. The programme was implemented in August 2015 in the municipality of San Miguel, in Argentina. Mil Días is designed in a holistic and intersectoral way. The main form of intervention is through home visits, but other benefits are available depending on the 51 vulnerability criteria by which participants are admitted to the programme, most of which are related to health issues. Exits of the programme occur when the mother and/or child have reversed the deprivation/s of the entrance-criteria. This paper provides an analysis of the programme's primary data between August 2015 and May 2019, with a total of 1,111 programme participants. First, we perform a statistical analysis of the targeted population of the programme. Second, using a logistic regression, we study factors associated to the withdrawal from the programme. Third, using survival analysis, we study the correlates of time to graduation from the programme. We find that the programme is well-targeted, as participants exhibit higher deprivation levels than those exhibited by beneficiaries of social programmes in general in the same municipality. We also find that programme participants in situations of most extreme vulnerability are more likely to abandon the programme and that successful exits from the programme take longer for more complex cases. Mil Días-San Miguel is a programme for early childhood development in Argentina, which was pioneer when it was first introduced. It is well targeted and exhibits encouraging results despite complex cases taking longer to sucessfully exit the programme. In addition, the poorest poor participants are more likely to abandon the programme and so additional actions could be taken to retain them, as intended by the 'Leave No One Behind' 2030 commitment.

Argentina Exceptionalism: Social Mobility and the Reversal of Development in Argentina

The effects of education on social mobility are studied in Argentina, a country that has undergone unprecedented economic and political upheaval. Among the richest in the world at the beginning of the 20th century, it was ranked 60th by per capita GDP at the century’s end; a phenomenon known as “the Argentine Paradox”. The interrelationships between class origin, education, and class destination are all explored. Regarding educational inequalities and returns on education, no fluctuations towards a particular direction were identified, although returns on education changed according to social classes. We found, contrary to “popular wisdom”, that as access to education increased, social fluidity fell. Neither educational expansion nor educational inequalities contributed to social fluidity, and we added the possibility of a growing association between origin-destination, as educational levels improved.

Fostering Transitions Towards Sustainability? The Politics of Bioeconomy Development in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil

The concept of bioeconomy is increasingly gaining attention in South America as a potential strategy to foster sustainability transitions. As bioeconomy development is intertwined with often contested questions of natural resource governance, it is important that the promotion of bioeconomy takes place in an inclusive manner. In three case studies from Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil we examine who takes up the concept, what interests are reflected in this and the implications for socio‐environmental concerns. This points to two interrelated aspects which demonstrate variations in inclusiveness: the constellation of actors who drive bioeconomy visions, and the scope of issues covered.

Systematisation of experiences within the framework of the pedagogical approach towards territorial development: a contribution to action research from the Latin American tradition

This article attempts to link different approaches to action research by sharing a concept that holds an important place in the processes related to participatory action research in Latin America. Such a concept is systematisation. In Latin America, the framework of the systematisation of experiences indicates that it is a particular research method generated from popular education and social work, and that it shares its commitments regarding social transformation. Systematisation arises as a proposal that is based on and learns from accumulated experiences, along with new forms of participatory research and evaluation. Thus, one of the ever-present challenges is to define knowledge production methodologies appropriate to the way of thinking and acting of those who depart from practice, from action (Centro de Estudios para la Educación Popular CEPEP, 2010). Within this framework, the concept of systematisation and its challenges in the specific context of territorial development in Argentina are addressed in order to integrate new learning into action research debates, not only in Latin America, but also outside its boundaries. To this purpose, we rely on the lessons learned by a team from the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN) from Argentina based in Rafaela (Santa Fe, Argentina) working for the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales Praxis. This team has been interacting with action research teams from the Basque Country (Spain) and the University of Agder (Norway), a space where the systematisation of experiences has emerged as a relevant and unknown methodological element in the aforementioned European contexts.

Harvesting lithium and sun in the Andes: Exploring energy justice and the new materialities of energy transitions

This paper states that energy transition, being materially grounded, leads to the social construction of resources, such as lithium, and new forms of energy production, such as solar energy. The phenomenon proceeds through public and entrepreneurial green discourses positivizing these forms of extraction, presented by their promoters as sustainable activities. This contributes both to local and global energy transition towards carbon zero behaviours and sustainable development in Argentina and Chile. A geohistorical approach of the territory and the first geohistory of the extractive companies (seniority, know-how and territorial anchorage) in the region help to better understand the ongoing territorial turn of marginal territories and local resource commodification in the territory we call: Altiplania. From a State and entrepreneurial perspective, local lithium and solar exploitation and connections can be analyzed as a self-sustaining cycle of energy transition that reinforces local energy transition by strengthening local networks and enlarging energy access in remote areas. However, the process can also be read as a continuum of green grabbing practices developed by mining and energy stakeholders which reinforce and even extend pre-existing processes of commodification of nature and accumulation in the region for extra local purposes and, questions the role that energy transition policies and associated infrastructures may play in entranching spatial unevenness and socio-environmental and energy (in)justices.

Argentine Curriculum in Covid-19 Pandemic

Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) began to spread in Argentina in March 2020, based on data until August 25, 2020, in Argentina there were more than 350,000 people infected with the corona virus -19, ranked in the top 15 countries with the most cases. The purpose of this paper is to prepare curriculum development in Argentina in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is literature study, collecting information and data through various literatures, books, journals, Argentine government regulations, relevant previous research results. as well as other references. The analysis carried out is the process of preparing the curriculum in Argentina in the face of the covid-19 pandemic with the Saylor curriculum formulation model, which consists of curriculum planning, curriculum implementation, and curriculum evaluation. The Argentine government has issued several regulations and curricula in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. CFE Resolution No. 362/2020 decree governing the Distance Education Protocol, with Resolution N° 423/2020 the Ministry of Education of the Nation established the “Advisory Council on Current Return to Classroom Planning”. In the Saylor, Alexander and Lewis model, curriculum changes are implemented in three stages, namely; the curriculum design stage, the curriculum implementation stage, and the curriculum evaluation stage, curriculum changes are made to ensure that citizens continue to receive education.

Towards sustainability path in Argentina: the role of finance, energy mix, and industrial value-added in low or high carbon emission-application of DARDL simulation.

The interconnection between environmental protection and sustainable development is at the heart of discussion among all the intergovernmental agencies around the globe. Such discussion is considered highly important considering the role of finance, an abundance of fossil fuel and industrial value-added on economic activities and environmental issues. Meanwhile, few empirical studies in this line of discussions have documented policy options for projecting the path towards sustainable development in Argentina from 1971 to 2018. To contribute to the extant literature in filling this gap, this study examines whether finance can escalate a long-lasting economic shift that will change the path of carbon emission in Argentina using the novel econometric technique, dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag simulations. The modelling protocol incorporates the impact of the following economic agents such as population, economic growth, trade openness, and government consumption expenditure. Our result suggests that all the variables are cointegrated under the ARDL-bounds testing framework. The long and short-term estimates from the dynamic ARDL simulation show that finance and industrial value added interestingly offer policy options for CO2 mitigation in Argentina. Fossil fuel, population, economic growth, and government consumption expenditure have increasing an impact on CO2 emissions, exacerbating sustainability challenges in Argentina. In sum, improved finance and industrial restructuring are needed economic acumen that can accelerate a quick transition to a low-carbon development in Argentina, while fossil fuel, population, economic growth, and government consumption expenditure generate environmental challenges. Policy options in consideration of investors' safety in carbonated companies in Argentina, these companies owe shareholders an obligation to invest in a resilient carbon capture and storage technology in a bid to decrease environmental degradation and align with environmental goals set by the Argentine government.

Fragrance addition improves visitation by honeybees and fruit quality in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa).

Kiwifruit is an important horticultural crop all over the world and its development is important in Argentina. This dioecious crop has a short blooming period with nectarless flowers, and its fruit production depends on cross-pollination. Here, we tested whether kiwifruit quality increases by using honeybees exposed to female flowers treated with an artificial fragrance. The three experimental treatments were: A, sprinkled female flowers with 1:1 sugar syrup + Lavandula hybrida extract solution (a new attractant substance especially developed for this study named Lavandin Grosso); B, sprinkled female flowers with 1:1 water + sugar syrup (female flowers with additional sugar syrup reward); C (control; female flowers exposed to honeybees). The results showed a higher number of visits of honeybees to the female flowers sprinkled with the attractant substance, Lavandin Grosso, as well as higher fruit quality (weight, number of seeds, regularity in fruit size). Our study demonstrates the potential of fragrance-treated flowers to improve yield production in kiwifruit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Econometrics of Corruption Impact of Corruption on The Human Development of Argentina

Purpose: The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the econometric calculation between corruption perception indices in Argentina and human development indices, in a period of government, you can see the impact on the different variables Design Methodology Approach: The applied methodology is the calculation of the linear regression and its values between 30 human development indices and the Corruption Perception Index of Argentina in 2003-2015. Research Limitations Implications: There are no limitations in the model, this research can be applied to any country in the world. Practical Implications: The practical consequence of this work is the possibility of applying econometric theory to calculate the impact of corruption on human development variables. Social Implications: The social implications are the possibility of seeing the impact of corruption on the variables of human development and its effect on the quality of life of society. Originality/ Value: This theory is original; it has NOT been formulated in the study of the types of corruption in the world.

Imaginarios geográficos, grupos dominantes e ideas sobre nación. Dos propuestas de transformación territorial para ámbitos fluviales argentinos

Geographical imaginaries produced by dominant elites have historically operated as strategies for territorial appropriation. In river areas, those imaginaries were many times sustained on the ideas of nation, legitimizing or trying to promote territorial transformations (through the technological organization of “nature”) in tune with the prevailing technocratic paradigms. Expecting to highlight the significance of imaginaries in the construction of specific ideas about nation, progress and development in Argentina, we introduce two cases located in two places of Parana River (the Delta´s islands and the central section). In both, the three ideas -mobilized by imaginaries constructions- were materialized in territorial transformation proposals. The analysis has allowed to show the appropriation strategies developed by dominant elites to impose an exclusive model of territorial order, based on their own interests.