Development Of Appropriate Technologies Research Articles

Legal Regulation of Inheritance of Non-Fungible Tokens

The development of digital technologies permeates almost all areas of public relations. At the same time, certain areas remain more conservative, and legal regulation also lags behind the pace of general digitalization. This situation is especially clearly visible in the field of inheritance of digital assets. The subject of this article is to explore the opportunities and risks associated with inheriting NFTs. The purpose of the article is to determine algorithms for inheriting NFTs in the context of insufficient legal regulation of this procedure in the Russian Federation. The work uses methods of both empirical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization) and theoretical (methods of constructing and studying the object of study and methods of constructing and justifying theoretical knowledge) levels. When transferring a token, a unique record is transferred, and the previous owner of the NFT loses the token after it is transferred. This makes NFTs similar to material objects and necessitates separate legal regulation of the rights associated with NFTs. An NFT is inherited, not a digital object such as art. The main problem with inheriting NFTs is that these objects are intangible. They cannot be physically materialized, stored, for example, in a safe deposit box, or transferred physically. Therefore, if the owners do not have specific heirs, it will even be difficult to include NFT in the inheritance or find out about the token. Inheriting an NFT requires that the will name the NFT and include an explanation of where the NFT is held. The testator’s password must also be available. There may be problems associated with the compulsory share in the inheritance, related both to access and to the assessment and dynamically changing value of the NFT. Also, the valuation of the NFT will influence the amount of the state fee for issuing a certificate of inheritance. The practical implementation of NFT inheritance is facilitated by the development of appropriate digital technologies that optimize procedural aspects.

Modelling and optimisation of power consumption and productivity in milling of thin-walled parts

A high percentage of mechanical parts in the metalworking industry (automotive, medical, energetic sector, and etc.), refers to thin-walled structures with optimized shapes and dimension, which produce on high or semi batch production principle. Production processes management, in mentioned industry and production systems, requires the development of appropriate information technologies based automatic systems. Planning and control systems are based on computer-aided technologies. Basis of this system are mathematical-logical models commonly, which is quantitatively link between input process parameters and process performance indicators (output parameters). In this study, modelling of total power consumption and process productivity was performed. Total power consumption and the process productivity were modelled, as very important output indicators in efficient and sustainable production. The modelling is based on the experimental analysis of the machining process during machining of thin-walled parts made of C45E (AISI 1045) carbon steel. Modelling was performed using the least squares method, with the use of ANOVA statistical analysis for the purpose of defining the input factors significance. Depth of cut, milling width and feed per tooth were used as input cutting parameters. Input cutting parameters combined experimental analysed according to Taguchi experimental plan. Based on developed adequate and sufficiently accurate mathematical models, optimization procedure was performed. The goal of optimisation was to minimize the power consumption and maximise productivity.

Dos and Don'ts of using drone technology in the crop fields

The global population growth requires moving from traditional to modern agriculture. A new generation of agriculture is needed for responding to food security, which relies on smart technologies, such as remote sensing and intelligent machines, including drones. This paper identifies the necessity, challenges, and prerequisites of using drones in crop fields. The study employed a systematic literature review through a qualitative content analysis for assessing published research documents, using a four-step method comprising material collection, descriptive analysis, category selection, and material evaluation. The literature emphasizes the necessity of using drones in crop fields in three categories: “drones are unique technical features", "drones assist in monitoring and optimizing the agricultural production process", and "drones help environmental-well-being benefits". The challenges of using this technology in crop farming are also classified into six categories, consisting of “lack of macro and integrated policies and approach", "poor knowledge and access to drone technology", "moral and social concerns", "safety", "hardware and software limitations", and "complex and costly". Furthermore, the application of drones in crop fields requires “infrastructures", "knowledge and skills", "effective governance", and "awareness and compliance with flight standards". The evidence from the literature demonstrates that some policies have encouraged the development of appropriate technologies to improve crop production and quality and enhance farmers’ access to a diverse range of technologies. By fostering support for new and precise technologies in sustainable precision agriculture tools, such as drones, and carefully considering the challenges and prerequisites of utilizing drones, farmers can gain access to and benefit from agriculture based on new and more equitable technologies. This can be achieved through greater public funding of technological advancements, thereby supporting sustained greater food systems.

Exploring the Untapped Potential: The Role of Local Resources in Fostering Modern Village Businesses

Modern villages are innovative sources of economic growth, harnessing the untapped potential of local resources to drive sustainable development. This study explores the dynamic interplay between local resources and the establishment of modern businesses in Pandansari Lor Village. By adopting a qualitative approach and using interviews and field observations, the research uncovers the distinct local resources that play a pivotal role in the community's economic transformation. The findings demonstrate the significance of natural resources, cultural heritage, and traditional knowledge as drivers of entrepreneurial initiatives, paving the way for the modernization of village businesses. The study not only contributes to the academic literature on rural development, but also provides valuable insights for policymakers and local communities seeking to leverage their inherent resources for sustainable economic growth and community well-being.The development of local resource management today shows that the community already has a tradition to do business, in the form of opening cafes around Coban Jahe waterfall and the cassava processing industry that already has a market outside the village. Industrialization must be based on the local potential of the village, namely processed cassava, and coconut with various variants of product diversification. Village industrialization is carried out in two ways, first the development of various appropriate technologies in the form of production machines to increase the processing capacity of cassava, coconut, and herbal plants, and second, digital technology and automationfor water resources management, namely Hippam management and fish farming. This industrialization process is very important for increasing village production capacity, village product quality and tourism village branding in the future. The development of village industry will be able to accelerate the realization of a modern tourism village.

Women cassava processors’ livelihood; implications for improved processing technology usage in Nigeria

The study compared the impact of the use of conventional and improved cassava processing technologies on the livelihood of women processors in north central Nigeria. This study adopts a quantitative method using a well-structured interview schedule for data collection from 410 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as an independent two-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The majority of respondents were married and between the ages of 31 and 50. The mean years of education for improved technology users (ITU) were 8 years, while that of conventional technology users (CTU) was 10 years. Majority of both ITU (88.9%) and CTU (63.9%) had more than 10 years of processing experience. Majority of ITU (89.2%) and CTU (97.1%) were educated. A little above average (ITU - 53.7% and CTU - 50.2%) had medium household sizes and average annual income of ITU: N = 528,654 and CTU: N = 294,610. It was found that improved technology users had a very high livelihood status, while conventional technology users had a low livelihood status (ITU 75.25 and CTU 52.50) which indicated that the use of improved technology enhanced women’s contribution to family welfare and improved their livelihood. The results of the independent two-sample t-test show that there is a significant difference between the livelihood of improved and conventional technology users (t = −18.614, p = 0.000). The government should therefore focus on the development of appropriate and cost-effective farm-level processing technologies and further encourage the promotion of improved investment heavily in subsidized cassava processing machinery to afford processors to acquire these machines at a reasonable cost.

Prospects for increasing the resolution of crop diversity for agroecosystem service delivery in a Dutch arable system

Finding a balance between the agroecological benefits of in-field crop diversification and the associated management demands, while maintaining expected production levels, is essential for making crop diversity work for farmers. The aim of this study was to find a workable resolution of diversity within the context of an on-station organic arable cropping systems experiment in the Netherlands. The experiment tested a gradient of crop diversity treatments from sole-crop references to strip cropping (3 m x 54 m strips sown in adjacent crop pairs of varying complexity) and pixel cropping (0.25 m2 plots each sown with one out of six total crops and arranged in 7.5 m x 12 m grids). In these treatments we assessed the performance of multiple agroecosystem service (AES) indicators (soil fertility, crop yield and quality, weed cover and diversity, and natural enemy activity density) for three focal crops (cabbage, wheat, and potato) using three years of field data and a three-part analysis. First, we used linear mixed models to assess the effects of each diversification treatment on the AES indicators. We found no clear indication that one treatment performed better than the rest across AES indicators. Second, we developed a novel method for quantifying the temporal, spatial, and genetic structural diversity of the tested treatments into compound diversity scores, and used these scores to analyze response relationships between increasing in-field diversity and AES delivery. Here we found that increasing compound diversity had a positive effect on the indicators weed species diversity and natural enemy activity density. For production indicators, we observed an inflection point between the most diverse strip cropping treatment and the pixel cropping treatment, with pixel cropping performing notably poorly. Third, we used a multivariate analysis approach to assess the contribution of temporal, spatial, and genetic diversity to AES delivery, but found no clear effects of individual diversity dimensions on AES delivery. These findings suggest that prospects for strip cropping are better than for pixel cropping when it comes to balancing production aims with increases in other AES while also maintaining management feasibility. Reconciling management shortcomings in highly diverse cropping systems (e.g. through the development of appropriate technologies) may be one way to mitigate trade-offs between ecological and production aims at resolutions of diversity higher than strip cropping.

An Efficient Feature Augmentation and LSTM-Based Method to Predict Maritime Traffic Conditions

The recent emergence of futuristic ships is the result of advances in information and communication technology, big data, and artificial intelligence. They are generally autonomous, which has the potential to significantly improve safety and drastically reduce operating costs. However, the commercialization of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships requires the development of appropriate technologies, including intelligent navigation systems, which involves the identification of the current maritime traffic conditions and the prediction of future maritime traffic conditions. This study aims to develop an algorithm that predicts future maritime traffic conditions using historical data, with the goal of enhancing the performance of autonomous ships. Using several datasets, we trained and validated an artificial intelligence model using long short-term memory and evaluated the performance by considering several features such as the maritime traffic volume, maritime traffic congestion fluctuation range, fluctuation rate, etc. The algorithm was able to identify features for predicting maritime traffic conditions. The obtained results indicated that the highest performance of the model with a valid loss of 0.0835 was observed under the scenario with all trends and predictions. The maximum values for 3, 6, 12, and 24 days and the congestion of the gate lines around the analysis point showed a significant effect on performance. The results of this study can be used to improve the performance of situation recognition systems in autonomous ships and can be applied to maritime traffic condition recognition technology for coastal ships that navigate more complex sea routes compared to ships navigating the ocean.

AZӘRBAYCAN DİLİ ÜÇÜN LİNQVİSTİK KORPUSLARIN FORMALAŞDIRILMASI PROBLEMLӘRİ

Currently, computational linguistics and natural language processing technologies are based on the extensive use of data – the corresponding linguistic corpora. Therefore, corpus linguistics, which studies the methods of creating and using such corpuses, has become one of the leading directions in modern linguistics in a relatively short time. Ensuring the widespread use of the Azerbaijani language in the context of globalization is a state policy, and its implementation requires the development and application of appropriate computational linguistics technologies. One of the important prerequisites for the creation of such technologies is the availability of suitable linguistic corpora that meet modern requirements. For this reason, this article analyzes the existing linguistic corpora for the Azerbaijani language, identifies the scientific and practical problems of the formation of these corpora, and gives recommendations for solving them

Numerical study of microwave impact on gas hydrate plugs in a pipeline

Purpose. Development of a technique for the numerical study on the decomposition of gas hydrate plugs in deep-water pipelines under microwave radiation using a coaxial source. Theoretical efficiency evaluation of using such an impact to unblock the pipelines. Methodology. Mathematical modeling and computational experiment. Findings. An original mathematical model is proposed to describe heat transfer processes during the decomposition of gas hydrates in a pipeline under the action of heat sources distributed over the volume. The non-stationary problem of heat transfer was considered in a one-dimensional formulation. An algorithm for numerical computation is proposed. A mathematical expression is obtained for distributed heat sources generated by the microwave radiation from a coaxially located SHF antenna. Parametric numerical studies on temperature fields and decomposition dynamics of a gas hydrate plug are performed for specified parameters of pipe and microwave radiation power. The boundaries of the decomposition area and the dynamics of change in this area are determined. The decomposition time of a gas hydrate plug with a diameter of 0.3 m was determined using a 300 W microwave source. The complete decomposition took approximately 40 hours. Originality. The task of thermal decomposition of a cylindrical gas hydrate plug in a pipeline due to microwave heating using a coaxial microwave power source has been considered for the first time. The process is viewed as a sequence of several stages: heating, heating and decomposition, decomposition after complete heating of the gas hydrate layer. To model the volumetric dissociation of gas hydrate, it was proposed to use special functions that characterize the amount of decomposed gas hydrate. The introduction of such functions makes it possible to construct an efficient computational algorithm taking into account the action of volumetric sources in the decomposition area. The known models mainly consider only surface thermal effect or microwave impact on gas hydrate in porous mediums. The presented model allows describing the decomposition during volumetric heating of a solid hydrate adequately. Practical value. Blocking plugs may occur due to hydrate formation when transporting gas through deep-water pipelines or through pipelines in cold environments. The elimination of such complications is a complex technical task. In particular, a special source of microwave radiation, which was proposed by the authors in previous works, can be used to unblock the pipeline. The device that makes the microwave radiation is located along the pipe axis. The results of this work allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the microwave method for eliminating the gas hydrate plug. The mathematical model and computational method can be used in the development of appropriate technologies using a coaxial microwave heating source.

Use of digital technologies to combat loneliness and social isolation: a cross-sectional study in Swiss outpatient care during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThere is limited data on the use of digital technologies in outpatient care in Switzerland. Our objectives were therefore to determine which digital technologies are used and whether they had an impact on loneliness and social isolation in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used with a convenience sample of 1272 outpatient care providers in Switzerland. The questionnaire used is based on an unsystematic literature review and a previous qualitative study with six outpatient caregivers and two caring relatives, based on which the 30 items for this questionnaire were developed. Data were analyzed descriptively, and group comparisons were made using the Kruskal Wallis test. Changes over time were measured using Friedman test with Bonferroni post hoc tests and Wilcoxon test for paired samples.ResultsThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was evident both on the part of the health care system, e.g., inadequate protective equipment; on the part of health care providers, e.g., increasing fatigue in keeping abreast of the virus as the pandemic progressed; and on the part of clients, who reduced services of care, e.g., out of fear of infection. According to the assessment of the outpatient caregivers, loneliness and social isolation of the clients was high in spring 2020 and increased strongly in the following winter. Alternative solutions, such as digital technologies, were hardly used or not used at all by the clients.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the pandemic is dramatically impacting clients. This highlights the urgent need to invest in the development of appropriate digital technologies reducing the impact of social isolation and loneliness and the associated long-term costs to the healthcare system.

Influence of information technologies on the formation of professional and value orientations of students: Opportunities and risks

The article examines the problems of the influence of mass media, primarily the Internet, on the value-semantic sphere of the personality of a representative of student youth. The characteristic of the role of formed professional-value orientations in professional activity is given. The key patterns of formation of professional value orientations through media consumption are analyzed. The positive and negative factors of the influence of the Internet space on the development of the value-semantic sphere of the individual are highlighted. There are five main factors of negative influence; the mechanism of functioning of each of them is described. Methods for reducing the considered risks for optimizing the process of forming the axiological sphere of a student’s personality are proposed. The role of the scientific community and public authorities in the development and implementation of appropriate social technologies is characterized.

Improved degradation of tetracycline, norfloxacin and methyl orange wastewater treatment with dual catalytic electrode assisted self-sustained Fe2+ electro-Fenton system: Regulatory factors, mechanisms and pathways

The environmental hazards associated with the presence of antibiotics and dyes in water sources require the development of efficient and appropriate wastewater treatment technologies. In the research, a dual catalytic electrode assisted self-sustained Fe2+ electro-Fenton system was constructed to degrade tetracycline, norfloxacin and methyl orange in wastewater efficiently and economically. The novel titanium mesh based PbO2/SnO2 anode electrode was prepared by electrodeposition with the best oxidation performance at the ratio of Sn to Pb 0.5:1, and silver doped Zinc-based organic framework ([email protected]) mixed crystal cathode catalyst was synthesized by precipitation at room temperature. Meanwhile, a sacrificial iron anode was introduced into the system in an acidic solution without a power supply, realizing the endogenous supply of Fe2+. The results indicated that the process was capable of self-supporting H2O2 and Fe2+ under the optimized conditions of pH range of 3.5–4.0, iron area of 10 cm2 and current intensity of 9 mA. The current efficiency was calculated to be as high as 369.5%. The type of conductive substrate supported cathode catalyst is an important factor determining the performance of the novel coupled electric-Fenton system. Electro-Fenton system using [email protected] catalytic electrode loaded with conductive substrates (stainless steel mesh (SS), carbon felt (CF), and activated charcoal granules (ACG)) was constructed to degrade tetracycline (TC), with the degradation efficiencies of 100% (k = 0.03048), 99.7% (k = 0.01831), 99.7% (k = 0.01421). Moreover, the experiment group of [email protected] electrode had achieved good degradation effects for TC, norfloxacin (NOR), methyl orange (MO), and the degradation efficiency was 99.1%, 92.8% and 100%, respectively. The possible degradation pathways of TC, NOR and MO were proposed by analyzing the intermediates. This work demonstrates the scaling-up potential of the system in the treatment of antibiotics and dye wastewater.

Review of potential sources for obtaining energy carriers and mineral raw materials in outer space

The problem of resource provision on Earth includes three main aspects – depletion due to the lengthy development of large volumes of non-renewable resources, shortage of certain types of resources due to their rarity and insignificant concentrations, high cost of extraction and beneficiation due to a number of factors, including the conditions of occurrence and imperfection of technologies. Resources in general are all types of resources – energy, mineral, water, and, separately, oxygen. Space objects are one of the possible directions of searching for alternative non-traditional sources of energy and mineral raw materials. Space exploration will help to solve a number of global problems for humanity, including demographic, food, energy, raw materials, and the environmental. The purpose of the paper is to justify the need of searching for potential alternative ways of obtaining energy carriers and mineral raw materials of a non-traditional type and to determine their possible sources in outer space. On the basis of the analytical review of potential alternative ways and sources of obtaining energy carriers and mineral raw materials of a non-traditional, it is justified that the research of space objects (planets, satellites, comets, asteroids) aimed at searching non-traditional type is relevant. The relevance of this direction is confirmed not only by the development of appropriate technologies for the exploration of space objects but also by the development and improvement of the legal framework governing space exploration. The main and most important directions of research are life support during the development of space objects, energy supply, mining and processing of minerals, chemical and biological production. Issues of life support involve providing, first of all, oxygen and water. For energy supply, it is advisable to consider helium-3 (He-3), water, oxygen, hydrogen, and ethane as potential sources. The most promising mineral resources in space are rare and rare-earth elements, platinum and metals of the platinum group, nickel, and cobalt. It is proven that the most promising space objects for the extraction of mineral raw materials are asteroids due to their relative availability, structural features, and higher concentration of minerals.

Система інтелектуалізованого відеоспостереження для цілеспрямованої взаємодії з автономним мобільним роботом

Introduction. One of the conditions for increasing the autonomous capabilities of mobile robots is their awareness of the state of the environment in which they operate. A class of so-called indoor robots requires the timely acquisition of position data both on obstacle objects and goal interest objects for the robot actions. As a rule, the sources of data on surrounding objects are sensor devices of various types installed on the board of the robot. In modern robotics, such devices are rangefinders or scanners with various data acquisition principles and video cameras. It is images from the video cameras that contain the most complete information about the state of the mobile robot’s working room. But computer analysis and content interpretation of visual data require the development of appropriate information technologies. Successful software implementations of rather complex algorithms for visual object recognition and methods for determining these object positions relative to the room coordinate system, which were previously created as separate functional modules of the intelligent mobile robot control system, can be used to create other applied artificial intelligence systems. The formation of generalized images (models) of the environment and the states of the robot in it is important for the intelligent control system of autonomous mobile robots. Images from the robot’s onboard video camera are the most informative source of timely detection of the positions of static and dynamic objects in the robot’s working areas. Using additional information from an external video camera can not only increase the general situational awareness of an autonomous robot but also speed up the achievement of goal states, as long as the external video monitoring control system has an interface for goal-directed interaction with the mobile robot intelligent control system and conforming data structures for the representation of surrounding objects. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of the development of a control system of intellectualized video monitoring in the autonomous mobile robot working environment, as an additional external source of the object’s location data. Methods. 3D modeling of technical systems and spatial scenes, content interpretation of data, and object-oriented programming. Results. The functioning of the developed system of intellectualized video monitoring has been studied. Accuracy of the positions of static and dynamic objects obtained by this system both as a separate applied system of artificial intelligence and as an additional source of data on the presence and position of objects in the working room while interacting with an autonomous mobile robot has been estimated. Conclusions. The analysis of the functioning results of the system of intellectualized video monitoring which is intended for detecting objects and determining their positions in the room, and which is described in the article, shows that such a system can have a number of independent applications. Its most productive use is in the autonomous mobile robot working environment. Wide awareness of the autonomous mobile robot about the surrounding objects due to the interaction of two technical systems of artificial intelligence, namely, the intelligent control system of the mobile robot and the control system of the intellectualized video monitoring leads to the increase in the autonomous capabilities of the robot to perform complex tasks given by the user in a shorter time.

Atlas of new professions as a landmark in the transformation of the modern labor market of Kazakhstan

The proposed article examines the necessity and features of the Atlas of New Professions as an important factor of continuing education in the digital economy through the prism of a person's awareness of the priority of education, the formation of a motivational policy aimed at constantly improving the professional and general education level adequate to the requirements of the modern labor market throughout his life. Today, the world is on the threshold of the XI technological revolution, which will radically transform all spheres of human activity. The global approbation of digital products and technologies has an active impact on the demand of the labor market for appropriate personnel and the requirements for the level of their professional competencies. In this regard, the widespread introduction of innovative technologies makes it necessary to ensure universal access to educational services throughout life. The dominant in the circle of important problems is not only the training of personnel with the necessary skills and professional competencies, but also the development of appropriate educational technologies for the development of such skills that are in demand in the labor market. The results of numerous studies indicate that along with the positive effect of digitalization and its technological achievements determine new trends, causing multidirectional processes faced by modern society. Such challenges include the impact of digital technologies on the labor market, where jobs are being cut, a large number of professions are disappearing, there is a growing shortage of qualified personnel and a high demand for specialists with digital skills. All this necessitates new approaches that allow changing the format and content of staff training on a continuous basis, as required by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In the context of the growing digital architecture of the economy, a special role is assigned to the Atlas of New Professions as a navigator of future specialties that were not previously predicted in the labor market.

Investigation of Size Effects in Multi-Stage Cold Forming of Metallic Micro Parts from Sheet Metal.

Product miniaturisation and functional integration are currently global trends to save weight, space, materials and costs. This leads to an increasing demand for metallic micro components. Thus, the development of appropriate production technologies is in the focus of current research activities. Due to its efficiency, accuracy and short cycle times, microforming at room temperature offers the potential to meet the steadily increasing demand. During microforming, size effects occur which negatively affect the part quality, process stability, tool life and handling. Within this contribution, a multi-stage bulk microforming process from sheet metal is investigated for the materials Cu-OFE and AA6014 with regard to the basic feasibility and the occurrence of size effects. The results reveal that the process chain is basically suitable to produce metallic micro parts with a high repeatability. Size effects are identified during the process. Since several studies postulate that size effects can be minimised by scaling down the metallic grain structure, the grain size of the aluminium material AA6014-W is scaled down to less than one micrometre by using an accumulative roll bonding process (ARB). Subsequently, the effects of the ultrafine grain (UFG) structure on the forming process are analysed. It could be shown that a strengthened material state increases the material utilization. Furthermore, too soft materials can cause damage on the part during ejection. The occurring size effects cannot be eliminated by reducing the grain size.

Science & Technology Agenda for Blue-Green Spaces Inspired by Citizen Science: Case for Rejuvenation of Powai Lake

Urban lakes play a major role in the socio-cultural and ecological sustainability of many cities, but are often under major development and pollution pressures. Urban decision makers are faced with a challenging task of identifying the causes of their decline and building plans for their conservation or rejuvenation. Powai Lake is a perfect example of an urban water body with historic, cultural, and ecological importance to the population of Metropolitan Mumbai, with local and regional authorities, including the Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, working to identify methods for rejuvenating the Lake. In this context, characterization of pollution dynamics, hotspots, and extent is fundamental to the development of management plans and appropriate technologies for the remediation and rejuvenation of Powai Lake—the long-term goal of the present study. A two-year monitoring program at eight sampling locations on the Lake’s periphery, with the engagement of citizen scientists along with environmental researchers, revealed clear seasonal and spatial dynamics that allowed for the identification of pollution drivers and the development of a three-phase rejuvenation plan. The plan represents a novel and holistic approach that recognizes Powai Lake as a complex system with multiple drivers, and aims at ecological balance and sustainable delivery of ecosystem services.

Appropriate technology adaptation to mitigate community transmission of SARS CoV2 virus in resourced challenged Bhutan and Bangladesh

The SARS CoV2 pandemic has a tremendous impact on both developed and developing countries. To mitigate against community transmission of SARS CoV2 in Southern Bhutan and Central Bangladesh, the development and application of appropriate technologies was undertaken. As an appropriate mitigation, hand washing station was constructed by a simple system. The system was operated using a foot pedal to limit cross contamination by direct hand contact, hand sanitizer utilization and disinfection application in Central Bangladesh. The study highlighted a local innovation in constrained environments to provide public health solutions for preventing the spread of SARS CoV2. The innovation and mitigation measures can be replicated in other resource challenged regions of the world as mitigations steps to limit community transmission of SARS CoV2.

Implementation of blended education at the faculty of philology

This study emphasizes the need for innovation in pedagogical theory and practice. It highlights the theoretical and methodological foundations of the organization of blended learning in English teaching. The authors confirm a detailed theoretical basis, offer a model of blended learning in foreign language lessons for FLS. A blended approach to learning is one of the most relevant educational technologies today, as it allows you to take advantage of the flexibility and convenience of distance learning and the benefits of traditional forms of learning. As a result of theoretical analysis and experience of university teachers in a blended form of education, aspects that have remained outside of research are revealed. This includes the methodological potential of the organization of independent cognitive activity of FLS. The realization of this idea is impossible without the development and implementation of appropriate learning technologies.
 Three main components of the blended learning model that are used in the modern educational environment are identified:
 – face-to-face training (face-to-face) is a traditional format of classroom teacher-student;
 – self-study learning – involves independent work of students: search for materials using a resource map, online search, etc .;
 – online learning (online collaborative learning) – the work of students and teachers online, for example, through Internet conferences, Skype or wiki, etc.

Chemical Changes during Thermal Processing of Unfermented and Fermented Red Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and effects on In Vitro Protein Digestibility

Background: Legumes are outstanding sources of macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemicals, as well as antinutritional factors. These components present a complex system enabling interactions with different components within food matrices. The interactions result in insoluble complexes with reduced bioaccessibility of nutrients. The development of appropriate preparation technologies for use at the household and village-level become so imperative to facilitate processing and dietary availability of beans.
 Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing on the chemical contents of unfermented and fermented red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effects of the resulting changes on the in vitro protein digestibility. This will enhance food security and reduction in malnutrition.
 Methodology: Unfermented and fermented P. vulgaris were boiled using ordinary cooking pot and a pressure pot and the chemical contents were evaluated by standard methods. In vitro protein digestibility was carried out by pepsin digestion.
 Results: Fermentation resulted in a decrease in the traditional cooking time in the ordinary cooking pot by 40.32%. The protein content of the fermented sample increased by about 7%. The in vitro protein digestibility value was increased by more than 30% with greater percentage evident in fermented samples. Sulphur containing amino acids, methionine and cystein were the limiting amino acids but their contents appreciated by 6.64% and 10.92% respectively after fermentation. Total ash, crude fibre, crude fat contents of P. vulgaris were all affected by more than 20% during the open fermentation and cooking of unfermented beans. The antinutritional factors of P. vulgaris decreased most in boiled fermented samples compared with the other processing methods. There was overall improvement in the In vitro protein digestibility, reduction of cooking time and antinutritional factors when P. vulgaris was fermented and cooked.
 Conclusion: The outcome of the reserach justifies the fact that combining both fermentation and cooking results in the overall improvement in the nutritional value of P. vulgaris as against cooking without fermentation.