Development Of Agro-industrial Complex Research Articles

Financial Impact of Digital Technologies as a Promising Element of Import Substitution

This article examines the financial elements of agricultural production digital architecture in Russia during the transition to the fourth technological stage in order to compete and import substitution in the agro-industrial market of the country. The pandemic and its consequences have had a negative impact on the Russian economy, in the context of the country's insufficient food security and the inevitable increase in prices for imported goods, due to rising prices for hydrocarbons and the predominance of low-value-added food products in exports. Due to the weakening of the ruble against the falling oil prices, the economy may face the need for a new wave of import substitution. This study identifies the problems of the agricultural sector and the reasons for Russia’s high dependence on imports justify the need to develop high-tech technologies. Authors determined the development directions of agricultural production digitalization in Russia through innovative agricultural technologies based on the Internet of things, distributed computing, and artificial intelligence technologies. Increasing the level of the agro-industrial complex development, bringing it to a new independent stage, is vital. However, it is impossible without state support and the digitalization of technological processes.

ЦИФРЛЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАР НЕГІЗІНДЕ АӨК ЖАҢҒЫРТУ

The key prerequisites for transition of domestic AIC to digital format of work are reflected. The vectors of influence of digital technologies on the development of agro-industrial complex are considered. Digital transformations in sectors of economy - first of all, the creation of a new industry by automating the country's transport and logistics system; the use of communication processes in agricultural sector, industry; e-commerce and improving systems for ensuring safety and availability of digital information, as well as implementation of these methods and techniques aimed to create "smart" cities. The authors note that digitalization is one of the most promising tools for achieving these goals. In addition, it should be understood that agribusiness in decision making is guided by such categories as increasing its profitability, expanding its market share, and increasing capitalization. In this direction, digitalization is one of the incentives for further development, because in competitive markets, any measures that can provide increase in profitability with acceptable level of predictable risk must be studied and implemented in practice. The features of effective digital technologies in agriculture of the republic are analyzed. Low productivity and high costs are highlighted as the key problems of domestic agricultural sector. The State policy of Kazakhstan is aimed at attracting the world's leading brands of agricultural machinery, produced using innovative nanotechnology, to the country, supporting local industries with objectively feasible localization conditions. It is concluded that it is necessary to use high-tech methods to solve the problems of increasing crop yields, animal productivity and labor productivity, and reducing production costs.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА КАЗАХСТАНА

The main purpose of the work is to justify the need for public regulation of agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, without which it is impossible to solve the tasks assigned to it aimed to ensure food security, supply raw materials to processing industries, and protect the domestic market from imports. The article notes that developed countries also support the agricultural industry, which is influenced by natural and climatic factors, dependent on the problems of green environment, the mandatory use of innovative technologies in practice. At the same time, the authors believe that it is necessary to limit direct government intervention in the economy. It should be focused on improving economic instruments: taxes, tariffs, monetary mechanism. The article provides data on the funds allocated from the republican budget for financing and effective functioning of agricultural enterprises for a number of years. It is determined that the development of agro-industrial complex is interconnected with the activities of development institutions. The problems that have arisen in the practice of their functioning are identified, in particular, this concerns financial resources, issues of granting loans to agricultural economies, monitoring the progress of projects that received loans. The difficulties that arose led to understanding of the need to reorganize this structure. As a result, three financial institutions remained: "Agricultural Lending Corporation" JSC, "KazAgroFinance" JSC and "Agricultural Financial Support Fund" JSC. These changes will contribute to improving the management mechanism of the AIC.

АГРОӨНЕРКӘСІПТІК КЕШЕНДЕГІ ДАҒДАРЫСТЫҚ ҚҰБЫЛЫСТАРДЫ АНЫҚТАУ ӘДІСТЕМЕСІ

The article examines methodological approaches to economic crises, gives a characteristic of crisis phenomena in economy. The reasons for the development of crisis in agriculture are considered and prerequisites for overcoming it are systematized. The factors of increasing instability of agricultural sector in the context of global economic crisis are analyzed. A number of circumstances are highlighted that determine its negative and positive effects, without which it is difficult to objectively determine the probable losses and predict potential options for the development of domestic agro-industrial complex. Particular attention is paid to structural crisis. The authors conclude that current situation in agricultural sphere does not fall under the traditional classification of economic crisis processes and propose to supplement the methodology of assessing periodic crises by including a systemic crisis. The methodological foundations for diag- nosis of crisis situations in AIC of Kazakhstan have been developed, which represent a set of methods and techniques that allow to determine and study anxiety states in it in order to prevent in the future. The methodology outlines conceptual approaches to assessing crisis conditions of economic systems at sectoral and economic levels. The diagnosis of crisis phenomena is carried out on the basis of comparing critical values of indicators characterizing economic development with their actual values, followed by calculation of integral coefficient of the level of agro-industrial production in the republic.

ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ҚЫЗЫЛОРДА ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ АГРОӨНЕРКӘСІПТІК КЕШЕНІН ДАМЫТУДАҒЫ ФЕРМЕРЛІК ШАРУАШЫЛЫҚТАРДЫҢ РӨЛІ

The authors of the article, taking into account the needs of practice, show the role of small rural entrepreneurship in the development of agro-industrial complex of the republic. The transition to market relations presupposes the formation of diversified rural economy based on different forms of ownership. The relevance of this topic lies in the act that the State pays much attention is paid to the development of farming and other forms of agribusiness in public agroindustrial policy. The article notes that increased economic efficiency of functioning of peasant (private) farms and their adaptation to constantly changing conditions on food market are becoming an objective necessity. The significance of p (p) f in agricultural sector of the country is revealed. Their characteristics are given as steadily dynamic form of management. It is emphasized that the organization of effective work requires qualitative changes in their activities, which are impossible without an effective, perfect system of State regulation. The social and economic essence of small agribusiness and features of its functioning are reflected. The views of domestic and foreign agricultural scientists on the problems of farms are presented. The main types of their work (financial, production and economic, marketing) are analyzed. The dynamics of the development of agricultural production in Kyzylorda region and the share of p (p) f in it (volume of gross production, sown areas, etc.) are considered. The assessment of functioning of agricultural formations is given: farm "Asan" (sheep breeding), farm "Karakat" (vegetable and milk direction), farm "Kulandy" (camel farming), farm "Madikazhy" (rice growing). Effective and typical economic models are shown.

Management in the agro-industrial sector: methods for assessing effectiveness of the network associations

Reducing the level of import substitution is one of the important issues of the Russian agro-industrial complex development. In this regard, there is a need to find new management methods for regional agro-industrial systems with an emphasis on their interaction with retail chains and industrial enterprises. Creating comfortable conditions for the integration of economic entities in the regions is one of the aspects of management. These conditions include the retail networks development, the availability of legal mechanisms for organizing network systems and the development of the business investment environment. The article is devoted to the issues of enterprises network interaction in the agro-industrial complex, as one of the promising areas of development in a crisis economy, namely, assessing the effectiveness of associations.

Preface

Dear colleagues,it is a pleasure for us to have this opportunity to offer our foreign readers the selected papers presented at the International Scientific-Practical Conference «Scientific support for the sustainable development of agro-industrial complex», dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute (FEARI) (Khabarovsk, Russia, July 16-17, 2020).The event was organized by the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, which is currently a part of Khabarovsk Federal Research Centre (KhFRC) of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.List of Program Committee of the Conference and Full scopes of the conference are available in this pdf.

ADVANTAGES IN GLOBAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF GRAIN CROPS

The Russian Federation is a leading player in the global community, taking the main paths to its formation. The main trend of global economy is globalization, and domestic economies are integrating into the modern system. The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world, located in a variety of climatic zones, and a particularly favorable climate for the development of agricultural sector is in the south. In Russia, 10 % of the world's arable land is located, so more than 80% of the arable land of the Russian Federation is in the Central Volga region, the North Caucasus, the Urals and Western Siberia. Also in the south of Russia melon farming is widespread. The northern regions of the Russian Federation are also subject to successful development with the help of effective agricultural organizations, according to domestic experience, as well as the previous experience of countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Canada, their agriculture mainly operates in similar conditions as the northern and central RF. In October 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a roadmap for import substitution in the agricultural sector for 2016-2017. According to it, the State Program for Agricultural Development for 2013-2020 and the newest prerogative vectors for the development of agro-industrial complex were established and the required resource provision in the amount of 568.3 billion rubles was allocated for 2015-2020, which will help to reduce imports by 1.4 trillion. rub. The ability to enter the world market can be considered as one of the motives for domestic producers of agricultural products and foodstuffs to increase production volumes and measures of state self-sufficiency in agricultural products.

Methodological bases for assessing competitiveness of agri-food products according to quality Parameters

Improving competitiveness of agri-food products is one of the priority state tasks in the field of the national agro-industrial complex development. Taking into account the fact that quality is currently an important factor determining competitive advantages of products in the market, the strategic line for increasing its competitiveness is arrangement of efficient system for quality and safety assurance. Objective assessment of efficiency of such a system implies the need to analyze competitiveness of products in terms of quality parameters in order to improve it, predict the demand level, volume and efficiency of AIC products sales in the external and internal markets. The purpose of research is to determine the most efficient methods and methodological approaches for assessing competitiveness of agri-food products according to quality parameters in modern conditions. As a result, the algorithm for determining the products competitiveness level according to quality parameters has been developed, involving implementation of a range of relevant activities, considering the dominant agri-food security of goods and including four major stages: I definition of the target basis; II assessment of market access according to basic indicators; III analysis unit and IV decision-making unit. A system of principles that should guide choice of quality characteristics of products for analysis of competitiveness is proposed. Methodological approaches to assessment of competitive advantages of agri-food products through integrated and discrete approaches are substantiated, their advantages and disadvantages are determined, as well as application scope. The proposed methodological bases used in practice for assessing competitiveness of products according to quality parameters will allow to reliably determine the level of competitiveness of products in a particular market, create a system of priority indicators requiring priority attention in terms of implementing competitive advantages and eliminating drawbacks in quality management system, develop scientifically based strategy for products promotion to market.

IMPROVEMENTS AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTIONS GROWING ALFALFA SOWING

The publication highlights the results of studies examining the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment, the timing and combination of the introduction of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in crops on the passage of phases of growth and development of alfalfa sowing. The properties of plants in agrophytocenoses are determined by their genetic characteristics and environmental factors that affect the body. The biological peculiarities of alfalfa sowing, the basic regularities of its growth and development, namely the passage of the vegetation phases, the evaluation of the crop, which made it possible to develop methods of cultivation technology, taking into account the biology of plants to change climatic conditions. The processes of growth, development of alfalfa of the Sinyukh cultivar, depending on the seed treatment with the growth stimulants of Lucis and Saprohum and foliar fertilizers during the vegetation period of plants, were investigated. The peculiarities of the phases of growth and development of alfalfa plants in the sowing year in comparison with the growth and development of the second and subsequent years of vegetation are determined. The influence of ecological conditions of the environment - the temperature of vegetation renewal, the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures, on the growth and development of alfalfa of the second and subsequent years of vegetation has been established. It was established that the earliest attainment of seeds was characterized by the variant of sowing with a stimulator of Lucyse growth in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing the sowing in the budding phase with microfertilizers Harvesting beans – on the 155th day of vegetation with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 1945 ºС. The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of alfalfa cultivar Sinyukh in all phases of growth and development and dynamics of accumulation of active temperatures during the growing season were evaluated. As a result of the research, new technological regulations for the use of bio-organic preparations and components in the technological scheme of growing alfalfa sowing have been developed. The research results are aimed at solving actual problems of technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex on the basis of development of bioorganic models of varietal technology of cultivation of alfalfa sowing with orientation at the level of adequate arable productivity and climate fertility. Key words: alfalfa sowing, growth and development phases, Saprogum, сrop, legumes, environmental conditions.

Development of the agricultural industry of the Republic of Mordovia: Key trends and challenges

Subject. This article examines the issues related to the development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the food security of the Republic of Mordovia. Objectives. The article aims to study the problems faced by the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Mordovia, and develop recommendations to address them. Methods. For the study, I used an abstract-logical method, comparison, generalization, and statistical data and content analyses. Results. The article describes specific problems of agricultural development of the Republic of Mordovia and provides certain recommendations to address some of them. Conclusions. To increase the pace of development of the Republic's agro-industrial complex at the expense of farms of all categories, it is necessary to significantly improve the information support of this area and improve the skills of workers.

A multicomponent biocatalyst for vegetable feedstock processing

he improvement of technologies for the production of foodstuffs and dietary supplements from vegetable feedstock using natural and efficient biocatalytic systems is a promising direction in the development of agroindustrial complex. At present, enzyme preparations produced in Russia are virtually absent at the market; therewith, high cost of their imported analogs increases the prime cost of products. A study on efficiency of the domestic broad-spectrum enzyme preparation Glucanofoetidin, which was developed at the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology, toward fruit and berry feedstock and corn showed an increase in the yield of extractive substances (amino acids, sugars, phenol compounds, and carotenoids), particularly the biologically active components (tocopherols, anthocyanins, and vitamins), by 7–18 % as well as the quality improvement and an increase in the yield of target products (juices and extracts) by 10–44 %. Practical importance of Glucanofoetidin consists in a more rational use of vegetable feedstock as compared to conventional technology without enzymatic treatment, and also in a considerable (twofold) shortening of the process time. The multienzyme composition of Glucanofoetidin makes it promising for use in juice, confectionary, brewing, oil-and-fat and baking industries.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX IN THE KALUGA REGION

The agro-industrial complex plays one of the most important roles in the region’s economy and its development, including a large number of industries that are closely related to each other. Being aimed at the production of agricultural raw materials, their processing and distribution of the finished product, it is the main source of food for population, thus becoming one of the factors on which the quality and standard of living in the region depends. The degree of food security of a country also depends on the effectiveness of agriculture and related industries. Development of the agricultural sector requires substantial modernization of economy, which largely depends on the investment attractiveness and investment potential of the industry, which is dynamically changing depending on the market conditions and the socio-economic situation in the region. In these conditions, the assessment of the development of agroindustrial complex in the Kaluga Region and its investment potential as one of the fundamental industries in the region is of particular relevance. The article explores the investment potential of agro-industrial complex in the Kaluga Region using various methods: by analyzing socio-economic characteristics of the region, conducting a SWOT analysis and assessing investment potential using a simplified method based on the determination of key indicators within the production, financial, investment and export components of the potential . The results of the SWOT analysis show that the main strengths of the industry are its high innovative potential, investment climate and the availability of government support programs. Assessment of investment potential confirms the high level of development of the complex.

Institutional Designing of Food Security by Instruments of Matrix Modelling and Value Flows Synchronization

There are some theoretically-methodological aspects of food security institute and functioning of the goods market of agro-industrial complex in article. It is shown that the concept "food security" is considered by modern domestic agroeconomists from different attitudes. At the same time characteristics of the institutional analysis didn't receive worthy reflection. In this regard, authors made a contribution to interpretation of the concept "food security" within the system of institutional knowledge.
 There are shown institutional bases of ensuring food security on the basis of the approved techniques of matrix vector modeling and cost flows synchronization. Authors made evaluation of food security institute development and the market of agroindustrial complex of such countries as Belarus, Brazil, Germany, India, China, Russia, Poland and the United States of America on the basis of official statistical data for 2005-2015.
 There are provided strengths (production and economic characteristics) of regions in the sphere of agroindustrial complex. There was made a group of regions on progressive and regressive, with allocation of the regions which are at a transitional stage of market development of agroindustrial complex – on the system of the standardized indicators. On the basis of estimative and analytical procedures are offered the directions of institutional designing of food security and functioning of the market of agroindustrial complex.
 There is formulated a number of recommendations of increasing the efficiency of Russia food security institute, including: 1) to use the system of vertical or horizontal integration of the entities of agro-industrial complex more active; 2) to modernize the entities of agroindustrial complex taking into account specialized, but not universal requirements of institutional designing; 3) to make active policy of rational import substitution in agroindustrial complex.
 The conclusion is drawn that institutional designing of "multispeed" cost flows is substantially determined by researches on development of the standard rates providing overcoming negative market events. Achievement of the set proportions will allow institutional units to receive preferences in the field of the taxation and providing with credit resources for the development. These directions are seems priority to authors and determine the agenda for the subsequent researches

Theory and methodology of cluster development of agro-industrial complex

Theory and methodology of cluster development of agro-industrial complex

Economics of ecological and biological development and labor market of agro-industrial complex

The agro-industrial complex faces lots of challenges which brake its efficient economic, ecological and biological development and labor market functioning. Applying statistical analysis of the current indicators we estimate the influence of the negative factors and propose the possible solution. Despite its huge potential, the Russian agro-industrial complex is currently in a state of deep systemic crisis. The development of the agro-industrial complex is directly related to the quality of life of the rural population and the situation in the labor market. The possible solution is to develop engineering, social and transport infrastructure and improve the situation in the labor market in the rural areas. It is the state regulation and support of the agro-industrial complex that is currently the fundamental point of solving existing problems. To maintain efficiency in the agricultural sector, state regulation and support are not just necessary, but unavoidable. For effective operation and systematic development of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to form a program of state support for the sector in order to attract investment and innovation.

Digital economy and transformation of personnel training for AIC

The article presents the results of research into the impact of the digital economy and Industry 4.0 on the education system as a global mechanism and on the tangible segment of the sectoral economy – agriculture. The aim of this study is to determine the main directions of education system transformation both structurally and substantively under the influence of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. According to the results obtained, Russia’s entry into the digital world system is hindered by a number of factors, including the lag of the Russian Federation from world’s major economies in breakthrough technologies, the shortage of staff with specialization in “Industry 4.0” and the level of digital culture development. The development of agro-industrial complex’s digital economy, provided by modern technologies, including robotics and artificial intelligence, entail high productivity, increased efficiency, safety and convenience. But on the other hand, it also raises complex questions about the broader impact of digitalization on the labor market in the agro-industrial complex, skills and competencies.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АПК В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ

Мировая экономическая ситуация, вызванная последствиями COVID-19, требует пересмотра подходов и к мировой кооперации и к управлению отраслями в отдельных странах. Разрыв кооперационных связей, изменение парадигмы развития агропромышленного комплекса, мер государственной поддержки, а также возросшее понимание роли сельского хозяйства для обеспечения безопасности и суверенитета страны открывают перед агропромышленным комплексом страны колоссальные возможности. В статье рассмотрены перспективы инновационного развития АПК в условиях пандемии. Для чего определены тенденции развития отечественного агропромышленного комплекса, которые имеют корреляционную связь с мировым трендом развития сельского хозяйства. Для выработки конкретных шагов по переходу отечественного АПК на концепцию «AgroTech 4.0» предложено оценить инновационный потенциал отрасли. Отечественный АПК вынужден развиваться, учитывая последствия пандемии, например, снижение количества рабочей силы, повышение значимости автоматизированных технологий, разрушение хозяйственных связей и другие. Выделены направления развития аграрного сектора экономики в условиях пандемии: повышение производительности труда на основе внедрения кросс-платформенных решений и цифровых технологий в АПК; приоритетное диверсифицированное развитие высокомаржинальных сегментов продукции сельского хозяйства и другие. Предложены основные тренды для реализации данных направлений: модернизация инновационной среды, целенаправленное инновационное развитие, реорганизация системы аграрного образования и науки, выстраивание прозрачных кооперационных связей между бизнесом и федеральными органами исполнительной власти с целью исключения манипуляций и бюрократической составляющей деятельности. Таким образом, в условиях пандемии для преодоления последствий кризиса агропромышленному комплексу России необходим переход на новую концепцию управления «AgroTech 4.0».

A comparative technological indicator analysis of bred cow productivity of main breeds in the Voronezh region

According to the solution of many tasks of the Russian Federation state policy on the agro-industrial complex development, the dairy cattle breeding industry is considered a priority. Milk and dairy products is one of the most important food products in the world, it is consumed by various age population categories, which results in necessity for state stimulation of the dairy industry development [1]. This article substantiates the effective results of technological indicators of the cow productivity bred in the Voronezh region of the main breeds, since Simmental, red-motley and Holstein, with the technology of their tie-up year-round and yard housing. Based on the research results, it was noted that these breeds have a high potential for indicators of productivity and quality of raw milk. However, the influence of intensive industrial and technological conditions affects the duration of the productive cow use. The work presents the results of average productive indicators of imported cattle of Holstein and Simmental breeds, taking into account their acclimatization in the Voronezh region for 5-6 years and their technological use proving the effectiveness of raw milk production. On this basis, it can be noted that imported cattle have high acclimatization rates. In a comparative aspect, the perspectivity of using the yard cattle housing in large livestock complexes are justified. The economic efficiency of raising imported and domestic selection cows in the dairy farm conditions of an agroholding agricultural company is calculated.

Statistical analysis as a management tool of AIC innovative development

In the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter AIC), innovative development is manifested in the introduction of new technologies for processing agricultural products, the use of elite sowing materials, the use of unconventional, yet efficient management practices, high-tech technology and equipment, and in the use of intangible assets in all their forms. However, the introduction of innovations in agro-industrial complex has its own specificity related to the heterogeneity of the vast territory of the country. The Russian Federation is characterized by the heterogeneity of regions in the area of socio-economic, climatic and geographical factors, which imposes its imprint on the development of national agro-industrial complex. In this article we will present the results of a statistical study of Russia's agriculture development level depending on its territorial location in order to further develop recommendations on optimal investing in innovative development of a specific direction.