Development Of Agriculture In Russia Research Articles

Budget support as a tool for innovative and technological development of agriculture in Russia

The article is devoted to budget support as the main tool of innovative and technological development of agriculture in Russia within the framework of the State Program. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of subsidizing preferential investment loans aimed at modernizing the material and technical base of agricultural production. The assessment of the state of material and technical support of agricultural production in Russia in comparison with other countries of the world is given. The composition and structure of the limits of the resource provision of the departmental project “Stimulating investment activity in the agro-industrial complex” for 2017-2019 is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of preferential investment lending. The dynamics of the purchase of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation is presented, taking into account the new mechanism of state support that encourages the technical re-equipment of the industry. The rating of the leading credit and financial organizations of Russia participating in the implementation of the mechanism of preferential investment lending is presented. The composition and structure of concessional investment loans have been studied. The article describes the practice of updating the material and technical base of agriculture through Resolution No. 1432 and the system of JSC “Rosagroleasing”.

Main methodology provisions of forecasting socio-economic results of agriculture’s innovative development

The monographic analysis of the subject area under consideration was performed and the peculiarities of innovative development forecasting organization of the economy in Russia and abroad were defined, including the list of approaches and methods that have become most practically common in different countries. The peculiarities of innovative development of agriculture in Russia, its main directions and groups of applied innovations were revealed. It was established that at present agricultural producers are poorly involved in innovations’ creation and mainly act only as their consumers at high prices set by high-tech companies. Conceptual methodology scheme for forecasting socio-economic results of agriculture’s innovative development was proposed including a system of principles, approaches, methods, and expected results and allowing it to justify individual forecasts for separate enterprises with different organizational and economic characteristics and level of technical and technological development.

Инновационные разработки и современные технические средства для уборки конопли посевной

Hemp growing is becoming a promising direction for the development of agriculture in Russia in the coming years due to the tasks of import substitution of cotton for domestic fiber from hemp and flax. The most important technological process in the cultivation of seeded hemp is its harvesting, which requires the use of specialized equipment and equipment due to the peculiarities of the structure of the stem and the significant height of the crops. The purpose of this work is to study the issue of technical equipment of domestic hemp growing and to find modern machines and technical solutions for hemp harvesting. Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated for seeds, fiber, and two-way use. Hence, various technologies are used for its harvesting. In our country, hemp harvesting equipment has not been produced for a long time; classic combines and general-purpose machines are used for harvesting crops. The technique used in hemp growing farms in Russia is considered. Combine harvesters such as PALESSE – GS12, ACROS – 585/595, Don – 1500B, etc., are adapted to collect hemp seeds; the flow of the process and high-quality threshing are ensured. However, an uncut stem with a height of 1.2 meters remains in the field. For harvesting crops for fiber (‘zelenets’), innovative machines have been developed based on domestic forage harvesters Don – 680M and RSMF – 2450 with a set of conversions for hemp. Field tests of prototypes have shown a positive result. Harvesters completely cut the stems, chop them into 50 cm lengths and put them in a swath, but do not comb them from green leaves and inflorescences. Based on the results of the work, a scheme of an innovative universal hemp harvester was proposed for harvesting sowing hemp in all directions of cultivation. Its application will fully mechanize the process of sowing hemp harvesting, collecting seeds and stems and obtaining high-quality hemp raw materials.

Anti-crisis mechanisms for solving the problems of agriculture development in the modern context

The article concentrates on the problems of the formation and development of agriculture in Russia in the event of a crisis caused by the pandemic, and provides brief characteristics of the core business activities in this direction. The features of the agrarian crisis, as one of the forms of economic recession, which are provoked by economic crises, and are also associated with business cycle fluctuations, are revealed. Furthermore, the main threats to the agricultural sector, the level of development of Russian agriculture at the present time are considered. A SWOT analysis of the environment-related activities of agricultural producers is presented, and the prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex in a shifting trajectory from subsidized financing and debt restructuring of the agricultural sector to high technologies are considered. The authors state that modern society is developing in a cyclical spiral, in search of new models and new approaches to the managerial economics in agricultural production. The need for strategic anti-crisis intervention in the agro-industrial complex is determined by predicted patterns inherent in critical phases in the evolution of the system.

Анализ влияния морфометрических особенностей рельефа на пространственную дифференциацию почвенного покрова Смоленской области

The main research topic is the theoretical justification of integrated regionalization of rural areas to optimize the use of natural agro-potential by developing conceptual frameworks and new methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of its use and determining environmentally and economically options for the interaction of natural and production-territorial systems. The problem of creating a theoretical (conceptual) model of integrated regionalization of rural areas using modern geographical methods and GIS technologies to optimize the use of natural agro-resource potential is arisen. The object of study is the natural agropotential of Smolensk region. Considering the complexity character of research we used the model area. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship of the spatial soil’s distribution and relief. For this aim, the model area on the territory of Smolensk region was chosen, digital model was created and analyzed. The research results have independent scientific interest and optimize the using of the natural agro-resource potential. The development of theoretical and methodological aspects of agricultural zoning is the most current problem of modern geography. The solution to this problem is necessary to develop recommendations for agricultural management. At the present stage of development of agriculture in Russia with extremely limited material, labor and financial resources, overcoming of the agrarian crisis will be possible on the basis of more efficient using of the natural potential of the territory. For the first time, the correlation of the spatial distribution of soil cover depending on the relief was studied using the model area of Smolensk region. The series of diagrams with the distribution of soil types by height, the distribution of the prevailing soil types on the slopes of different exposures, distribution of the prevailing soil types on the slopes of different angles have been constructed.

Urbanization and development of vertical agriculture in Russia

This paper discusses new technologies for the production of high-quality agricultural products, which are environmentally friendly and the production of which is now associating not only to rural areas. According to the authors, the concept of a digital city is now widening; it includes new trends, when agricultural production extends its boundaries, including vertical agriculture and farming urbanization.

STAGES OF REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY PROVISION

The problem of national economic security, which includes guaranteed food provision in the regions, occupies one of the pivotal places in the politics of economically developed countries of the world. Issues of food security and agricultural development should be a priority; without them, all conversations about national security are meaningless. Over the past 20 years, a lot of funds and efforts have been invested in the development of agriculture in Russia, the results of these efforts say it all. Russia has become the largest exporter of food raw, completely covers the needs of the population in chicken eggs, poultry, and pork. Despite significant advances in food security, many problems need to be solved immediately. The problem of food security provision at the federal and regional levels should be approached comprehensively. First of all, it is necessary to comprehend and realize that economic life develops according to its very specific laws, the complex interaction of which, ultimately, determines the state of the economy. The current situation with the position of food security can be assessed as not quite satisfactory. The article outlines the problems of food security in the Chelyabinsk region and the relationship of its tasks, the growth of life expectancy, and the working capacity of the population. Four stages of their duration and features of tasks at each stage are substantiated. The term for the full achievement of food security is designed for 12 years, improving the nutritional structure and increasing its usefulness will increase life expectancy by 8-12 years, which is consistent with state policy in the economic and social spheres.

The main trends in the development of agriculture in Russia in the context of economic sanctions

The aim of the study is to examine the main trends in the development of agriculture in Russia in the light of trade and economic sanctions, which had a significant impact on the development of the industry. The analysis showed that despite the decrease in the growth rate of value added in the agricultural sector, the production volumes of certain types of products increased significantly. This made it possible not only to ensure food security within the framework of the import substitution policy, but also to plan a significant increase in the export potential of the agricultural sector. The traced processes of concentration and centralization lead to a reduction in the number of enterprises of various categories of farms with an increase in the profitability of the remaining ones, with a significant level of state support. In general, the industry is developing at a much higher pace than the country’s economy, which gives reason to make favorable forecasts.

Accounting model for determining the amount of the estimated liability for agricultural leasing participants

The existing system of participants in leasing relationships in terms of debt formation is unacceptable, as it completely contradicts the strategy of development of agriculture in Russia. The assessment of additional costs should certainly be considered as a risk management tool. Thus, if a deliberately unprofitable agricultural leasing agreement is defined, risks will arise both for the lessee in terms of a lack of liquidity to pay lease payments and for the lessor in terms of the risks of losing the collateral and increasing the risks of nonpayment. Such obligations must be formed in the supplier’s accounting records, which affects not only the organization’s operational stability, but also its financial stability. The article suggests a fundamentally new approach to the formation of universally applicable information data on estimated obligations of participants in agricultural leasing agreements. Proposals for the practical application of organizational and methodological aspects of accounting based on the modernization of the settlement system the amounts of reserves, estimated reserves, and estimated liabilities are substantiated. Practical implementation of the research results by managers and accountants can greatly contribute to forecasting and minimizing risks for participants in leasing agreements.

Review of the 144<sup>th</sup> meeting of the Dispute club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of the Russian Economic Think Tanks on the Topic “Do agricultural holdings contribute to the achievement of the national development goals of Russia?”

The work is devoted to a review of the results of the 144rd meeting of the Dispute Club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of Russian Economic Think Tanks (hereinafter referred to as ARETT) on the topic “Do agricultural holdings contribute to the achievement of the national development goals of Russia”. The purpose of the event was to discuss he development of agricultural holdings and their impact on the development of agriculture in Russia. Disputants were Vasiliy Yakimovich Uzun, Senior Researcher at the Center for Agri-Food Policy of IPEI RANEPA, and Elena Viktorovna Serova, HSE Director for Agrarian Policy. The review presents the key ideas of the disputants, and also summarizes the main results of their answers to questions.

Assessment of the innovative development of agriculture in Russia

In the presented study, an assessment was made of the innovative development of agriculture in the Russian Federation. As part of the study, it was found that innovative development is the effectiveness of the type of activity, which consists in increasing the use of new technologies, saving resources, reducing operating and capital costs, reducing environmental impacts, etc. In this regard, the work analyzed indicators reflecting energy capacity, internal research and development costs and the volume of innovative goods and services. The analyzed indicators indicate that in agriculture there is no tendency to switch to innovative technologies, as a result, the study proposed a model for ensuring the innovative development of agriculture. At the end of the study, conclusions are drawn from the results of the work.

Application of computer vision technology in the development of ultrasonic repeller

The issues that are nowadays identified during the implementation of the «Digital agriculture» project are considered. Directions of development of modern agriculture in Russia where digital technologies are being introduced are fixed. It is the Internet of things, robotics, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis. We have analyzed agricultural directions and scientific works where researches are doing and the technologies of computer vision are implementing. Scientific issues that are solved in plant growing by using computer vision are highlighted. Conclusions are made on the implementation of this technology in animal husbandry and fish farming. A device for ultrasonic repelling of synanthropic mammals with the possibility of detecting a synanthropic organism has been developed. The research on the influence of ultrasonic signals on mink behavior is conducted. Further ways of using computer vision in fish farming are defined for working with applied issues that can be solved exclusively with the help of deep learning neural networks.

Problems and status of innovative development of agriculture in Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of innovative development of agriculture in Russia. Innovations are becoming a determining factor in upgrading the efficiency of economic development under conditions when market dynamics undergo revolutionary changes. An integral component of innovation processes is an unbiased assessment of the current state and dynamics of innovation indicators. However, the existing methodology and approaches to estimating innovative development at the macroeconomic level do not provide an objective account of implementation of the given process regarding particular sectors of the economy. The methodology of this research is based on the works of Russian and foreign economists, national laws and regulations, the Oslo Manual on the nature, content and measurement of innovative potential, as well as materials from periodicals on assessment of innovations, and scientific approaches to the study of innovative advancement in agriculture. Specific factors discouraging the process of introducing innovations in agriculture have been revealed. Analysis of key indicators demonstrating the level of innovative development is performed. The ways of increasing performance of innovative activity in agricultural sector are proposed. The prioritized measures for increasing innovation activity in agriculture were formulated. The measures needed to create a multi-level system of training and retraining specialists employed in agribusiness and measures for the development of institutional infrastructure for innovations, development and adoption of legislative and normative acts regulating and stimulating innovative activity have been proposed.

XII International Scientific Conference on Agricultural Machinery Industry

- INTERAGROMASH 2019INTERAGROMASH 2019 is the annual conference hosted by Don State Technical University, Russia with participation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Rostov Region.Within the conference, the participants discussed a wide range of scientific and practical issues related to the current problems of agribusiness and sustainable development of agriculture in Russia and in the world.The main topics of the conference were1. Agricultural and Environmental Engineering2. Food Process Engineering and Technology3. Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization4. Organic Farming and Soil Management5. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary6. Crop Production and Food Security7. Agricultural Lands Cadastre8. Agricultural Planning and Economic9. Agricultural Logistics and Freight TransportAll conference participants and committee express their deep gratitude to the crew of IOP EES journal for the publication of selected papers of the INTERAGROMASH-2019 conference.Marco PasettiVera Murgul(Guest Editors)

The development of small and medium-sized businesses, as the basis for a balanced development of agriculture in Russia

The article of the current state of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation is discussed. Particular attention is paid the problems solving of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas. The main reasons that impede the innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas are determined. The proposals to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are presented.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ВЕКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА РФ

Over the past century, the directions of agricultural development have radically changed. In the first half of the twentieth century, the main problem was the fight against hunger, providing the population with bread. Interruptions in the supply of bread in 1917 caused riots and led to the February Revolution in Russia. In the early 20s, in order to fight hunger, a new economic policy was introduced, which gave the peasants the opportunity to restore agriculture. At the end of the 1920s, collectivization, started with the aim of increasing agricultural production to meet the country’s growing urban population and the raw materials needs of industry, turned into a new hunger, the elimination of which was the most important task of collective farms. After World War II, in 1946, there was hunger again, and the post-war restoration of agriculture was aimed at overcoming it. The ambitious program for the development of virgin lands in the 1950s was also primarily aimed at achieving a sustainable bread supply for the population. Crop failure in 1963-1964 once again put the country on the brink of hunger. The problem was solved by importing grain from other countries. In the 1990s, the problem of food supply arose again. This was due not to a shortage of food, but to the low incomes of a large part of the Russian population. The dynamically changing macroeconomic conditions make their own adjustments to the prioritization of directions for the development of agriculture in Russia. In the agricultural sector, a number of documents have been developed that reflect the promising directions for the development of the industry [1, 2]. The implementation of the goals and objectives of the long-term development of the agrarian sector of the Russian economy will be largely determined by both the macroeconomic situation in the country and the significant improvement in climate in international cooperation. The article discusses the key vectors of development of the agricultural sector in modern conditions. An economic assessment of the state of implementation of these areas is given, their positive and negative sides are noted.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES OF INVESTING TO THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Investment in innovative processes is currently the most important factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in our country. The article formulates the organizational and economic basis of the investment process in agriculture. The main trends of investment in the de-velopment of agriculture in Russia are highlighted. It is concluded that certain measures are neces-sary to continue improving the innovative component in the development of the agricultural sector. Among these measures are: improvement of legislative and regulatory mechanisms, increase of state funding for research in agricultural science, attracting investment in agriculture at the interna-tional level.

Strategic challenges of the development of agriculture in Russia

The paper discusses the key strategic challenges of the development of agriculture in Russia. The materials were not only statistical data, but also the results of expert interviews with heads of agricultural enterprises, farmers, and employees of local and regional administrations in several regions. The internal and external factors of the development of industry in Russia are assessed in the format of SWOT analysis. The following is identified among the key strategic challenges: the processes of intensification of agricultural production; overcoming the quantitative and skill deficit of human resources; adaptation of the development of the agrarian infrastructure to modern realities; preservation of the multistructural character of the industry. Each of these processes is considered in more detail at the regional level. An assessment is made of territorial differences in the intensity of modernization processes in agriculture and the renewal dynamics of the agricultural machinery fleet. The regional features of agricultural employment are singled out, and limiting factors of attracting qualified workers in agriculture are defined. The paper assesses the effectiveness of state support for agricultural production. Examples are given of the discrepancy between the distribution of federal subsidies and the real geography of production.

ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES FOR INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Subsidies are an important part of development of agriculture in Russia. The vast majority of agricultural holdings have negative profit margin without government support. Comparing an amount of government support in Poland and in Russia, it was equal to 76.21 m PLN for 1,000 km2 of agricultural land in Poland versus 6.35 m PLN in Russia in 2014. Such situation leads to low productiveness of agriculture in Russia. As Russian agriculture is extensive, the Government has made a decision to assign about 40% of the support amount to recover rate of investment loans intended for development of material and technical facilities of agriculture. This program is not popular and it involves 3.55% of the total number of agricultural holdings only. In order to estimate efficiency of utilization of subsidies a cluster analysis was made by means of K-mean method. It revealed 3 clusters depending on efficiency of subsidies utilization. Some control procedures are suggested to manage efficiency of utilization of government support.

AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMY OF RUSSIA

The main purpose of the article is to assess the share of agriculture in the national economy of Russia and the designation of the main factors determining the development of agriculture in this country. The importance of agriculture in the Russian economy is relatively small, which is a characteristic feature of developed economies (about 4% of GDP). However, agriculture represents a significant share in the structure of the employed – 9.2%. The use of agriculture as a food self-sufficiency has become essential after imposing embargo on imported products. Russia as a country has a large area of land. The surface of the used agricultural land after the fall in the 90s has stabilised at the level of 800 thous. km2. At the same time intensified agricultural production has resulted in increase of performance and larger crops. A significant potential of the land, as well as a progressive technological movement is an opportunity for the development of agriculture in Russia.