Agricultural Land Development Research Articles

Legal Protection of Land Use in the Context of Opening and Development of Agricultural Land for Public Interests

Land as a source of life and one of the important factors of production, besides being able to guarantee the availability of space to build infrastructure and facilities for development needs in accordance with the priorities that have been set, it is also necessary to maintain its fertility and sustainability in order to create a comfortable living environment. The pattern of land use in supporting development will experience a shift in accordance with developments in each development sector. Policies in the land sector are aimed at achieving three main things that complement each other, namely efficiency and economic growth, social justice, environmental conservation and sustainable land use patterns. Government has given legal protection to agricultural land by issuing several regulations such as Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land. This rule emphasizes that sustainable food agricultural land must be protected and cannot be converted unless it is in the public interest.

Development of agricultural land markets in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Well-functioning agricultural land markets are a precondition for agricultural and rural development in general. However, agricultural land markets remain weak and still face many constraints in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. By applying a conceptual framework for agricultural land market development in five stages, the paper assesses the current development stage of land markets in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and discusses the main constraints including informalities, absent owners, technical errors and complicated and costly land transaction procedures. Most of the countries have farm structures characterized by excessive land fragmentation and small average farm sizes. The need for coherent national land policies is argued. Furthermore, land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking in addition to facilitating agricultural and rural development also contribute to land market development.

Infrastructure Facilities in Tourism Village Management

This study aims to find out about how the infrastructure in the management of the tourist village and the constraints in the infrastructure in the management of the tourist village. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the technique of determining informants using purposive sampling. In this study, the informants were the village head of Besur, as the hortiary sector of Besur Agro Educational Tourism, as the secretary of Besur Agro Educational Tourism and also the farmer group community. The location of this research was carried out in Besur Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The data collection technique uses Miles and Huberman which consists of four components of analysis, namely, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. the community in supporting the running of the Besur Agaro tourism village program, education is carried out for the development of tourist villages in the agricultural and plantation sectors by taking part in the management and development of agricultural cultivation land, in this case the active participation of the Besur Village community. Furthermore, community involvement in farmer group groups supports the community participation program. With the opening of stalls around the tourist attraction area to facilitate tourists in terms of eating and drinking. Constraints faced in community participation in the management of tourist villages in Besur Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency, there are problems, namely in terms of facilities and infrastructure and in terms of funding the Besur agro-educational tourism object.

Estimasi Suhu Udara Di Kabupaten Manokwari Melalui Pemanfaatan Citra Satelit Landsat 8

Air temperature is the main parameter in determining agricultural land. However, most areas in Manokwari do not have air temperature data due to limited meteorological stations. The utilization of Landsat 8 satellite imagery is one of the alternative solutions for providing air temperature data. This study aims to examine the performance of Landsat 8 satellite imagery in estimating air temperature in Manokwari. The air temperature is estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) approach. Seven (7) statistical parameters i.e mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), relative bias (RBIAS), mean bias factor (MBIAS), percent bias (PBIAS), and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) are used in the test. Besides, a paired T-test was also used to determine the significance of the difference between the estimated and observed data. A total of 33 Landsat 8 satellite imagery recordings from 2015 to 2020 and air temperature data obtained from the climatological station were used. The results showed that the estimated temperature had good accuracy with ME = 0.50 o C, MAE = 2.73 o C, RMSE = 3.45 o C, RBIAS = 0.09, MBIAS = 1.00, and PBIAS = 9,16% compared with climatological data. Besides, the estimated temperature does not have a significant difference to observed data although it has a weak correlation with r = 0.31. Therefore, Landsat 8 satellite imagery can be used as an alternative solution in providing air temperature in Manokwari for supporting agricultural land development.

Factors affecting the CO2 emissions, cost efficiency and eco-strength efficiency of concrete containing rice husk ash: A database study

The agriculture industry has grown dramatically by about three times over the last 50 years due to the rapid population growth, improvements in green production technology and agricultural land development. Rice is the second most-consumed agricultural product globally. The rice husk ash (RHA), attained by burning the husk that is removed in the process of rice production, possesses high pozzolanic activity and therefore is a promising supplementary cementitious material. Despite the numerous studies on the successful incorporation of RHA in concrete in the literature, a comprehensive assessment on the sustainability aspects of these practices has not yet been solely and exclusively addressed. The paper reports findings from the analysis of a large database on the RHA incorporation in concrete. Principal sustainability components such as CO2 emissions, cost efficiency and eco-strength efficiency are described. The database, comprising over 1000 data points has been utilized to assess the key factors that have significant influences on the mechanical properties of concrete comprising RHA using the established set of criteria. Independent determination of the boundary conditions played a vital role in the sustainability assessment. The results showed that the use of RHA along with the other pozzolanic materials can yield a 25% diminution in the CO2 emissions generated during the concrete production in conjunction with a 65% rise in the cost efficiency of such practices. The findings reported in this study demonstrate improved sustainability for construction practice and highlight greener waste management routes that can be established for RHA.

Analisis Urban Sprawl sebagai Rekomendasi Pengendalian Pemanfaatan Ruang untuk Pengembangan Lahan Pertanian di Kabupaten Karawang

The increasing conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land is the central issue in Karawang Regency. It is caused by the increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, urban expansion, and its position in the Jakarta Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) corridor. The increasing need for space in urban areas encourages the development to the city’s outskirts (urban sprawl). Urban sprawl is the biggest challenge in Karawang Regency’s spatial planning. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial pattern of urban sprawl conditions formed from 2009 until 2018 and projecting urban sprawl in 2018 until 2031 as a recommendation for controlling space use for agricultural land development. The method used is urban sprawl analysis with related research, Moran index autocorrelation analysis and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), analysis of land use alignment and spatial patterns of spatial plan, and overlays. The results of this study indicate that the spatial distribution of urban sprawl occurs along the Cikampek, Telukjambe Barat, Telukjambe Timur, Pangkalan, and Tegalwaru toll roads. The urban sprawl that occurred in 2009 until 2018 has the type of leapfrog development. There was a change to the kind of urban sprawl to kind of ribbon development and an increase in the urban sprawl of 67.14 km2 in the projected urban sprawl in 2018 until 2031. Land use with conformity is much broader than land use that is not aligned with spatial planning. Therefore, first priority recommendation for agricultural land development still dominates in Karawang Regency.

Sustainable development of ecological and economic use of agricultural land and water resources of the Republic of Tajikistan

The authors of the article focus on the issues of sustainable ecological and economic development of agricultural land and water resources in the region. The formation and development of land resources in agriculture, in particular, its organizational, ecological, economic and technical state, have been analyzed. The main problems and reasons affecting the efficient use of irrigated lands have been investigated and the current state of land resources in agriculture has been analyzed. It has been determined that in order to prevent further degradation processes on agricultural lands and ensure the preservation of their fertility, it is necessary to strengthen state regulation of nature conservation activities at all levels. First of all, through the elements of institutional support, it is required to streamline the management functions in the field of land relations for the use, protection and protection of agricultural lands from degradation processes. The conceptual provisions of the formation of an ecological and economic mechanism for the protection of agricultural lands from degradation processes are substantiated, taking into account the legal, organizational, economic and social aspects of such formation. Modern reclamation technologies are proposed as agro biological methods of plant protection in conditions of aggravation of land degradation processes. The application of these provisions made it possible to form theoretical and methodological guidelines for building an ecological and economic mechanism for the use of land resources in agriculture, provides for the ordering of a set of elements, and the relationship of its main components, which are implemented in the form of tools, methods and technologies.

Current state and prospects for the development of agricultural land in the Nura River basin

The Nura River basin is located on the territory of Central Kazakhstan and is a single territorial-production structure with a developed industry that plays an important role in the economy of the entire Kazakhstan. Effective industrial development should be based on the well-tailored farming industry. However, significant continentality of the target basin, along with orographic conditions, predetermines high heat and power and scarce water resources, which negatively affect the crop productivity. The paper analyzes the current status of land reserves nearby the Nura River basin, with due account for climatic conditions and water availability, considers the modern composition and structure of cultivated areas, indicating the leading sectors constituting the farming industry, and also outlines the main directions and prospects for the development of agriculture for the coming period. It provides the rationale for sustainable agriculture along with industrial development of the basin. Due to the location of the basin in the zone of dry steppes and semi-desert zones, the paper shows the need to use irrigation reclamation as the main way to increase the crop yield.

Identifikasi Lokasi Potensial Panen Air Hujan Menggunakan Indeks Kesesuaian Embung dan Sistem Informasi Geografi di Provinsi Jawa Timur Indonesia

Increasing population has an impact on increasing food supply to fulfil the requirement of the community. Increasing in food supply is able to be achieved by increasing the agricultural productive area. Low-water agricultural technology is one of technology can be applied in the development of agricultural areas with sufficient water availability. But on the other hand, water harvesting technology using pond is one approach in the development of agricultural land in dry areas. This study uses a geographic information system (GIS) approach to identify areas that have high potential for the development of water harvesting ponds in East Java Province, Indonesia. GIS approaches is used for spatial analysis in calculating the area potential index for the ponds deveopment based on climate, physical surface and vegetation indicators. This index is calculated based on indicators, each of which is obtained from the surface parameter data. The results of the study show that the East Java Province is categorized as the "very suitable" and "appropriate" areas on water harvesting ponds suitability by 55% and 23%, respectively. This results show that the potential of the East Java area for developing water harvesting pond is very high about 78% compared with the entire region. On the other hand, locations that is categorized as "not suitable" and "very inappropriate" are about 8.7% and 9.2% compared with total area of ​​East Java Province. Iit can be concluded that climate, physical surface and vegetation indicators are very important in determining the locations of water harvesting ponds development in East Java Province.

Assessing the impact of shallow subsurface pipe drainage on soil salinity and crop yield in arid zone.

PurposeSoil salinization is one of the key problems of sustainable development of arid agricultural land. Exploring the use of shallow subsurface pipe drainage to improve soil salinization.MethodsThis study investigates the desalinization effect of shallow subsurface pipe drainage, in combination with drip irrigation under plastic mulch, in an arid region in China. Field data collection was conducted in 2010. Soil salinity at a range of soil depths, water EC and pH of subsurface pipe drainage and crop yield during crop growth stages in salinized farmlands were measured.Results and ConclusionThe results show that soil salinity was reduced significantly on mildly (1–3 dS m−1) and moderately (3–6 dS m−1) salinized farmlands. The highest desalinization rate of mildly and moderately salinized soils was 51% and 91% respectively. The desalinization in upper soil layers, to a depth of 60 cm, was more significant than that in lower soil layers. Drainage water salinity was much higher than irrigation water salinity. Crop yield on mildly and moderately salinized land increased about 25% and 50%, respectively. This indicates that the combination of drip irrigation and shallow subsurface pipe drainage on farmlands is potential feasible to desalt farmlands and to improve crop yield. The study has led to a desalinization of 330 ha year−1 in Xinjiang.

Post reclamation of acid sulphate soil due to extended tidal irrigation area in Palingkau, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Palingkau Swamp Irrigation Scheme SP1 SP2 SP3 extends tidal irrigation between Kapuas Murung River and Kapuas River, which local peoples developed. The development of the new agricultural land behind the old tidal irrigation system creates oxidation of potential acid sulphate (FeS2) soil. The result of the leaching process polluted local’s agricultural area causes the decrease land productivity. The field observation recorded the water pH ranges between 3.9 - 5.3; 3.7 - 4.31 at the handil; 2.5 - 4 at the collector channels; and 2.8 - 3.6 at the primary channels. Good water management is needed to overcome these problems, both at the new irrigation system and handil. The HECRAS mathematical model is used to evaluate water circulation in the system and its reliability. The Efforts to normalize the handil impact increasing the amount of water entering the handil although it is not significant. Moreover, it still cannot meet the water demand for the leaching process in the network system by 2.06 million m3/day. It is necessary to increase the capacity of the channel to allow freshwater flow from the river for the leaching process in the network system.

The unintended consequences of Egypt's institutional land regime on unplanned settlement growth in the Nile Valley

Egypt has been facing substantial unplanned human settlement growth on agricultural land since the 1950s. Although plans to better manage future settlement growth are ongoing, a full understanding of unplanned settlement growth on agricultural land remains lacking. This study investigated why and how unplanned human settlement growth occurs in Assiut Governorate, the Nile Valley. A mixed-method approach combining the institutional resource regime framework, template analysis, and process tracing was used to gain insights into those mechanisms that generate unplanned growth. Analyzing the institutional land regime between 1805 and 2020 revealed that various public policies have existed alongside of land use and property rights, but the overall regime remains incoherent. In-depth interviews with stakeholders in Assiut Governorate highlighted that the informality in Assiut was driven by institutional and political, cultural, and economic forces (a total of 26 forces). Process tracing showed that the key mechanism behind unplanned settlement growth has existed since the 1950s and is triggered by a combination of incoherent public policy, land use and property rights. These results suggest that the current national development plan (2052 Vision) will most probably lead to similar setbacks if the land regime's complexity and incoherence are not addressed. They also revealed that several informal institutions and local values and customs could also be significant obstacles to effective regulation of the development of agricultural land in the Nile Valley and Delta Region.

Assessing the Opportunity Cost of Carbon Stock Caused by Land-Use Changes in Taiwan

As compared with conventional approaches for reducing carbon emissions, the strategies of reducing emissions from deforestations and forest degradation (REDD) can greatly reduce costs. Hence, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regards the REDD strategies as a crucial approach to mitigate climate change. To respond to climate change, Taiwan passed the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act to control the emissions of greenhouse gases. In 2021, the Taiwan government has announced that it will achieve the carbon neutrality target by 2050. Accordingly, starting with focusing on the carbon sink, the REDD strategies have been considered a recognized and feasible strategy in Taiwan. This study analyzed the net present value and carbon storage for various land-use types to estimate the carbon stock and opportunity cost of land-use changes. When the change of agricultural land to artificial forests generated carbon stock, the opportunity cost of carbon stock was negative. Contrarily, restoring artificial forests (which refer to a kind of forest that is formed through artificial planting, cultivation, and conservation) to agricultural land would generate carbon emissions, but create additional income. Since the opportunity cost of carbon storage needs to be lower than the carbon market price so that landlords have incentives to conduct REDD+, the outcomes of this study can provide a reference for the government to set an appropriate subsidy or price for carbon sinks. It is suggested that the government should offer sufficient incentives to reforest collapsed land, and implement interventions, promote carbon trading policies, or regulate the development of agricultural land so as to maintain artificial broadleaf forests for increased carbon storage.

Scientific fundamentals of formation and development of agricultural land use on the basis of transformation of land relations

The article highlights the essence of the concept of agricultural land use, its formation and development as a result of the transformation processes in land relations during land reform. The concept of land use has been substantiated, which in the scientific interpretation is used in a double sense, namely: as a system of land use, regulated by law for different categories of land, landowners and land users; as a territory, land owned or used. Considerable attention has been paid to the analysis and interpretation of the concepts of transformation, land use, reform and their derivatives, which led to the search for the optimal definition of the concept of transformation of agricultural land use. It has been found that in market conditions, based on the implementation of transformation processes, there was a significant reduction in the area of arable land and an increase in ecologically stabilizing lands (hayfields, pastures) and wooded areas. This has a positive effect on solving environmental problems in the field of agriculture. However, practical experience confirms that such positive changes in land use will occur only if the structure of the land fund is improved. That is, degraded unproductive lands must be removed from active cultivation.

Assessment of Three IAARD Maize Productivity In Tobadak District, Central Mamuju, Indonesia

Assessment of three IAARD maize productivity was conducted in Tobadak sub-district, Central Mamuju. The purpose of the assessment was to determine the productivity of three IAARD hybrid maize. The area of study 3 ha, applying Integrated Crop Management (ICM) models. Varieties which assessment Nasa 29, JH 37 and JH 45, and NK 212 as comparison variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design which 3 times replication. Observations were made on the growth and maize yield. Based on the results of mapping of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRRD), land suitability classes for maize in Central Mamuju Regency which are quite suitable (S2) and marginal (S3) are 4,308 ha and 87,889 ha respectively, while that not suitability (N) covering an area of 193,441 ha with limiting factors including nutrient retention, nutrient availability, water availability, and root media. The studied was show that IARRD hybrid maize can increase productivity. The results showed that Nasa 29, JH 37, and JH 45 respectively gave yields 12.87 Mg, 9.02 Mg, and 7.77 Mg ha-1, higher than the average maize yield achieved in West Sulawesi and Central Mamuju Regency, each 4.70 Mg ha-1and 5.19 Mg ha-1. Nasa 29 gave higher yields and was significantly different compared to NK 212 (9.65 Mg ha-1) as comparison variety, and JH 37 variety was not significantly different with NK 212, but while JH 45 variety had lower results and was significantly different with NK 212. Nasa 29 and JH 37 varieties have the opportunity to be developed in Tobadak district, Central Mamuju, West Sulawesi.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

The article substantiates the relevance of research in the context of global trends in organic agriculture, analyzes the development of organic production in Ukraine and abroad, shows the main problems of domestic organic production. It has been noted that in recent decades, agriculture around the world has had an increasing negative impact on the environment than any other sector of the economy. This industry occupies huge areas, creating unstable landscapes. This destroys natural vegetation, including forests, disturbs water balance due to land reclamation, soil degradation is observed, groundwater and surface water are contaminated, and the fertile part of the soil is removed along with the crop. Research has shown that Ukraine has all the prerequisites for the development of organic production: favorable climatic conditions, fertile soils, low levels of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, a significant market of potential consumers, innovative developments in agriculture, positive experience of organically oriented enterprises, and most importantly - in the world there is a growing demand for organic products. Factors that can influence the development of the organic market and increase interest in such products from buyers have been identified. The necessity of transition to organic agriculture and its compliance with the goals of sustainable development is proved. The author are offered the main directions of actions that will promote the development of the Ukrainian organic market, namely: promoting the development of agricultural land under organic farming through the development of farming and the formation of marketing infrastructure; development of the state policy in the field of formation of culture of food of the population; training of qualified personnel.

Climate change mitigation through superior varieties use to increase rice production in tidal swamp land

The tidal swamp is sub-optimal land that can be utilized for agricultural development. The potential tidal swamp land as agricultural land reaches 3,445,184 ha, in which 2,802,169 ha is used for rice fields. The constraints faced in tidal swamp land development for agriculture are low soil fertility including high soil acidity, pyrite content, and high iron and aluminum solubility. It is also exacerbated by climate change that has affected the season which affects water conditions in the field. To overcome these problems, proper technology should be applied with adaptive superior varieties as one of the technology components to increase rice production. This paper aims to determine the superior varieties contribution in increasing rice production in tidal swamp land. The study used the review article method which original research and relevant experimental studies, as well as review articles, were critically read and analyzed for inclusion in this paper. The superior varieties have contributed to rice production increase due to their ability to adapt to climate change. Stress-tolerant and adaptive superior varieties may cope with high iron solubility and acidity of tidal swamp land. Moreover, it also has a shorter crop duration, resistance to certain pests and diseases, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, with higher and more stable production. Some of the superior varieties that adapted well in tidal swamp land are Mekongga, Ciherang, Inpari 10, 13, 22, 31, 32, 33 dan 42, Inpara 1,3, 5, 7, and 9.

Islamic Agricultural Economic Financing Based On Zakat, Infaq, Alms And Waqf In Empowering The Farming Community

In the development of the agricultural sector, farmers are the key to its success. However, to a certain extent, specific interventions need to be done considering the problems faced by most farmers, such as financial constraints, lack of assistance, facilities, agricultural tools, and lack of land, which are obstacles to developing farmers enterprises. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the potential of Islamic social finance tools in farmers development, particularly in facilitating financial problems of farmers in line with the government efforts in strengthening the agricultural sector. The distribution of productive zakat, infaq, alms and waqf (ZISWAF), based on the application of contractual contracts inherent from Islamic legislation and the management of productive ZISWAF, will be highlighted in this paper. The methodology of this study is based on a qualitative approach like gathering information from library research, and hence it is analyzed based on a deductive approach. The management of ZISWAF is divided into two, namely consumptive and productive ZISWAF. Consumptive ZISWAF can assist farmers in meeting their daily needs. At the same time, productive ZISWAF can develop farmers agricultural enterprises through musaqah, muzaraah, mukharabah, and ijarah contracts. Accordingly, it can be argued that Islamic social finance can play a positive role and be an alternative solution to farmers to promote agricultural land development.

Downscaling simulation of groundwater storage in the Tarim River basin in northwest China based on GRACE data

Groundwater plays an important role in ecological systems. However, it is difficult to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in groundwater storage (GWS) in the arid areas of Northwest China (NC) due to the limited observation data. Selecting the Tarim River Basin (TRB) in NC, this paper analyzed the variations in GWS and its relationships with climate factors based on downscaling the GRACE data (1 km × 1 km). We used random forest regression (RFR) to establish a model for GWS downscaling simulation by the grid data of GRACE-derived GWS, vegetation index and temperature. We also tested the validity of the downscaled results by comparing the errors between the downscaled GWS and the observed groundwater level by statistical indexes. The results showed that the GWS in the TRB mainly presented decreases from 2003 to 2016, with a significant decline in the southern Tianshan Mountains. The decreasing amplitude of GWS gradually weakened from north to south, and the fluctuations in the mountains were stronger than those in the central basin. The GWS changes presented seasonal differences, with strong decreases in summer and autumn but slight decreases in spring and winter. We also found that GWS in the TRB was more affected by temperature. The impact of precipitation on GWS changes was relatively weak, while temperature and evaporation had relatively significant influences on GWS changes. The negative effect of temperature on GWS in mountainous areas was still noticeable after a lag time of 1–4 months. The development of agricultural land and groundwater exploitation affected GWS changes.

Land Development and Role of Evapotranspiration in Climate Change

Analyses of underground temperatures have been used to obtain ground surface temperature (GST) histories. At individual sites, changes in the GST over time are synchronous with development which altered the evapotranspiration. At different, closely spaced sites, measured differences in GST between sites depend on the relative amounts of evaporation and transpiration at each site. These observations prove that a significant portion of the climate change observed on land is caused by changes in the amounts of evapotranspiration at each location. The magnitudes of GST changes vary from 0.6 to 2.6 C, for developments occurring from 8 to 52 years ago. In the temperate zone of Canada, these differences occur primarily in the summer. Our development, including urbanization and development of agricultural land, has produced a significant warming. It is best defined from underground temperature data.