Development Of Agricultural Engineering Research Articles

Features of the development of agricultural engineering in the conditions of modern sanctions pressure

Features of the development of agricultural engineering in the conditions of modern sanctions pressure

Lean production at agro-industrial enterprises: Efficiency and limitations in present-day developments

Subject. This article discusses the issues of optimization of production processes and the development of agriculture in Russia in the context of international sanctions. Objectives. The article aims to find relevant tools and methods for implementing the concept of lean manufacturing in the activities of Russian agro-industrial enterprises. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article presents calculations to reduce the labor intensity of production processes by reducing the duration of equipment changeover and determines the economic effect. The article also reveals restrictions on the implementation of lean manufacturing projects due to the current foreign economic situation. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used to develop projects for the development of agricultural engineering and the agro-industrial complex as a whole.

Анализ структуры рынка сельскохозяйственного машиностроения в контексте политики поддержки АПК

One of the factors in the growth of productivity in the agricultural sector is the development of agricultural engineering. The need for import substitution and the introduction of new technologies indicate the need to change industrial policies in the field of agricultural engineering. One of the factors for increasing the effectiveness of industrial policy is the use of sectoral structural analysis. The authors refined the system of indicators for assessing the industry market based on the analysis of dynamic indicators. To conduct an empirical study, a sample of agricultural engineering enterprises for 2000-2020 was formed. Industry analysis was carried out on the basis of coefficient and statistical analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the model of the relationship between sectoral competitive analysis and industrial policy measures. The proposed theoretical model shows that the system of industrial policy measures and their effectiveness directly depend on the market structure. Based on a consistent analysis of the relationship between industrial policy and the structural analysis of the industry, the stages of sectoral structural analysis were formulated and a model for the formation of industrial policy in the industry market was proposed. It is shown that a «buyer’s market» has formed in the industry, while the industry is investment unattractive. Directions for adjusting industrial policy in the field of agricultural engineering were determined: reducing information asymmetry and stimulating demand for agricultural machinery. The proposed model for the formation of the state industrial policy is not exhaustive but can be considered as complementing the already established model of supporting domestic agricultural engineering.

USING HYDRAULIC PARAMETRIC VIBRATION EXCITER IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Vibration technology is widely used in mechanical engineering, construction, road building and different sectors of the manufacturing. In agriculture, it is used for dosing feed, cleaning and sorting seeds, digging up root crops, planting potatoes, and transporting bulk materials. Vibrations make the mechanical system more stable in relation to external force disturbances and do not change the technological properties of materials during its movement along the working surfaces. Also, the material passing through the vibration zone is not damaged. A wide range of frequency and amplitude of vibrations provides the possibility of vibration regime varying, and the characteristics of the movement of agricultural plant material on the vibrating working bodies. The analysis of possibility of application of vibrating hydraulic drives as elements of transmission of movement to working bodies of agricultural machines is executed. A historical excursion was conducted and the first mentions of the use of hydraulic drives were pointed out. The estimation of technological processes in agricultural production where it is expedient and possible to use vibration and vibrating drives is made. At the present stage of development of agricultural engineering, using vibrating hydraulic drive is accorded to the basic trends of agriculture machinery development. The stand for conduction of studies of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibrating drive with regulated perturbations is offered. A mathematical model is presented, which generally describes the course of the vibration process and estimates the stiffness of the mechanical system. The hydraulic parametric vibration exciter is recommended to use for studying and determination the conditions for the occurrence of parametric vibrations in working body of agricultural machines. Also, using a hydraulic drive makes it possible to simplify the kinematics, reduce metal consumption, increase accuracy, reliability and level of automation of working bodies of agricultural machines.

Experimental Study of Deformation of Helix Honing Tool

One of the important issues in the development of agricultural engineering is to increase the efficiency of finishing processes of machining the surfaces of controlling parts of the hydraulic machines equipment and the fuel system of internal combustion engines. High accuracy and quality of parts influence the performance of functional indicators and the consistency of their performance. One of the processes of finishing machining is honing of precision holes. The factor that impacts the accuracy and quality of the machined hole is the ability to influence the process of formation of macrogeometry and microgeometry due to the flexibility of the process. The quality of the micro-relief is influenced by the kinematics of the formation of a grid of traces. The formation of macrogeometry, in turn, is influenced by the principle of formation of geometric production lines, taking into account copying of existing deviations and the transfer of wear of diamond-abrasive bars. To level the impact of existing deviations of the machined hole it is necessary to carry out a flexible control of the process of adjusting the radial size. To ensure the flexibility of the process of honing holes, a helix honing tool is proposed, which eliminates the shortcomings of the existing diamond-abrasive tool by using elastic deformations to increase the radial size and placement of diamond-abrasive bars at an angle of 45º. To study the process of adjusting the radial size of the helix honing tool, the calculated scheme of elastic deformation of the geometric axis and a mathematical model describing the deformation process are presented. An experimental setup of the deformation of the helix honing tool in the axial direction is also given. As a result of the experimental study of the helix honing tool, the theoretical and experimental dependence of the magnitude of the increase in diameter and the force of deformation on the axial elastic deformation is determined. There are also mathematical models obtained as a result of the experimental study of the dependence of the diameter increase on the magnitude of the applied force and axial elastic displacement.

Material and technical base of grain production in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and prospects

The goal is to analyze the current state of grain production in economically developed countries and Kazakhstan, its interaction with material and technical support. Methods - the theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the fundamental development and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists on the acceleration of the technical equipment of grain sub-complex, the provisions of modern economic theory, regulatory documents and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of studying these problems, the following methods were applied: system analysis, monographic, economic statistics. Results - the main directions of State regulation of this sub-sector of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. The prospects for the development of grain farming are shown, aspects of replenishment of fixed assets, introduction of innovations, new technologies and techniques are considered. The coefficients of withdrawal and renewal of the machine and tractor facilities (MTF), the average age of tractors and combines have been calculated. The industry, despite its significant potential, retains imbalances and remains noncompetitive. There is a low investment activity of foreign capital. Conclusions - the state of the MTF of agricultural enterprises in grain sector is extremely unsatisfactory, the possibility of its replenishment is significantly lower than the rate of decommissioning of outdated agricultural equipment, which leads to the increased load on one tractor and combine harvester. In turn, high cost of new machines does not allow agricultural producers to purchase equipment, introduce modernized models that ensure the use of modern, including resource-saving technologies. There is a need for program measures to promote the development of agricultural engineering.

Contribution of Professor K. G. Schindler (1869–1940) in formation of agricultural mechanics, theory and practice of testing of the agricultural machines and tools in Ukraine

The article highlights the life and creative path of the outstanding domestic scientist, theorist, methodologist and practitioner of agricultural engineering K. G. Schindler, associated with the formation of agricultural mechanics in Ukraine. The methodological foundation of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity in reproducing the phenomena of the past based on the complex use of general scientific, special, interdisciplinary methods. For the first time a number of documents from Russian and Ukrainian archives, which reflect some facts of the professional biography of the scientist, were introduced into scientific circulation. The main directions of fruitful pedagogical and scientific activities of K. G. Schindler, key segments of his creative search, which determined the further development of agricultural engineering, his leadership in the scientific community were described. It was proved that Professor K. G. Schindler has the primacy in founding the Station of Testing for Agricultural Machines and Tools at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, which provided students of agronomic and mechanical faculties with the opportunity to get acquainted with the existing types and designs of tillage machines, systematically test its research methods. In addition, the station carried out scientific work on the study of certain issues of agricultural mechanization, development of methods and devices for research of agricultural machinery and implements. The seven functions of the agronomic-type research station developed by scientists for the first time in Europe at the beginning of the last century have become a reference point for many generations of researchers of agricultural machinery. K. G. Schindler was the first in the world to theoretically substantiate the need to improve the design of tillage equipment depending on soil and climatic conditions, made a significant contribution to the theory of soil deformation with the shelf of the plow body. In addition, he improved the Sakka dynamometer, developed a control dynamometer to check traction dynamometers and other devices, improved existing and developed new designs of tillage machines. K. G. Schindler was the first in Ukraine to teach a course in agricultural engineering.

Development of а matrix of food industry capacity for making management decisions in the formation of sustainable development of agroecosystems

A theoretical and methodological study was carried out to determine the need and features of developing a matrix of food industry capacity for making management decisions in the formation of sustainable development of agroecosystems, which will increase the operational efficiency of companies and food security of the country. The paper uses the following research methods: historical – in the process of studying modern views on understanding the importance of the agricultural sector for the economy; system analysis – when building a model of innovative business improvement. Methods of comparison and analysis of trends – the study of trends in the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the identification of important areas for improving their activities. Methods of financial analysis – for the analytical assessment of financial and economic activities of the investigated enterprises; forecasting methods – to substantiate the expected results of implementing the author's proposals in management practice. It is proposed to take into account the significant difference in the technology of their processing and production (number of advanced technologies used per 100 thousand people). The paper reveals the dependence of production technologies in agriculture on natural and weather conditions (share of technological innovation costs, %). Criteria for innovation skills in the development of agricultural engineering were proposed. The criteria were determined, which were divided into development groups. The tools for constructing a matrix of food industry capacity were substantiated. Note that for each indicator, the optimal value was determined taking into account the sensitivity factor and the rating of enterprises, which determined their place in the matrix. In the course of the study and the matrix of innovative development, the proposed technology was tested at leading domestic enterprises

Research of the state of the engineering service in AIC and use of new technologies

The article presents the results of analysis and research on the state of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, as well as the analysis of the "Strategy for the development of agricultural engineering in Russia for the period up to 2030" from the standpoint of its eff ectiveness in providing the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation with the necessary amount of agricultural machinery. Assess the actual state of the agricultural machine-building industry and the needs of the Russian Federation agro-industrial complex in updating the machine park. To substantiate the organizational and technological models for maintaining the performance of agricultural machinery, primarily energy-rich, in modern operating conditions using new technologies. The analysis of publications of domestic and foreign authors, refl ecting the state of the engineering service of the agroindustrial complex. The factors that determine the choice of an organizational and technological model for maintaining the operability of equipment in relation to the conditions of the agro-industrial complex of Russia are investigated. Received and processed statistical information on the current state of the equipment park and enterprises of the repair and service base of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the results of the study, the state of the fl eet of agricultural machinery used was determined, as well as the ability of the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex to ensure its performance. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the positive capabilities of various life support systems of equipment and systems for maintenance and repair is hampered by the unstable position of participants in the processes of production, use and renovation of equipment. It was also revealed that the fl eet of equipment is outdated, requires large volumes of maintenance and repair, and the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex in Russia as a whole is not able to fulfi ll the tasks of providing the necessary level of technical assistance when using agricultural machinery

Features of the perception of information in the texts of mechanical engineering topics on the non-native language

In the present article described the way of obtaining of a new professionally valuable information by working with a text dedicated to the development of agricultural engineering is considered as one of the most effective ways to improve professional qualifications in the postgraduate period. The purpose of present article is to define and briefly describe the factors that provide the effective perception of the information of machinery engineering. Perception in this article is not limited to perceptual reception concept, but is understood as an active creative process targeted to satisfy the cognitive needs of an individual, both in obtaining a specialty and in the course of practical activity. To solve this goal, the authors clarified the concept of “text” as a set of units of different language levels transmitting information that has a heterogeneous nature, and criteria of the effectiveness of the processes of textual data perception, which in this case comes down to the choice of the recipient of an adequate communicative strategy or information processing. The strategy is interpreted as an important and effective mechanism for organizing speech behavior, which makes it necessary to describe its main characteristics and stages of formation.

Method and Technology for Continuous Control of Performance and Operating Quality of Automotive and Combine Machinery

Directions for the development of diagnostics of domestic automotive and combine machinery are considered in the paper. The target analysis of the current situation was carried out, and perspective directions of agricultural engineering development were defined. Innovative methods and technology of continuous performance (remote diagnostics) and quality control of domestic automotive and agricultural machinery are presented. A distinctive feature of the method is periodically performed remote technical diagnostics and, as a result, early detection and prediction of defects and malfunctions, which contributes to the timely elimination of technical failures during motor maintenance, improving the reliability and efficiency of operation of automotive and combine machinery. The novelty of the proposed technology is remote diagnostics with the use of a continuous diagnostics system, which makes it possible to predict the malfunctioning behavior and recommend measures to change the properties of the exposed object. The system provides both the owner and the service company with information about upcoming events.

Formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia before 1917

Material is presented on the formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The research materials were archival funds, Internet resources, historical works, and literature. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of agricultural machine-building enterprises, namely repair shops and factories, against the background of social changes are examined. The information on the creation and development of Russia’s fi rst agricultural machine-building plants is given and analyzed. Prior to the abolition of serfdom, 60% of enterprises manufacturing agricultural tools belonged to artisanal workshops, and 10% – to small factories. This volume accounted for less than 50% of the market needs, the rest of the equipment necessary for agriculture was supplied by foreign plants. By 1880, the number of domestic enterprises increased to 340. In 1913, agricultural machinery production already accounted for 20.5% of the total volume of Russian mechanical engineering. The largest agricultural engineering plants were located in the south and in the central part of Russia. In 1913, the share of southern plants amounted to 53%, the share of the plants of central provinces – 20.5% of the total output (by value). In other regions, artisanal production of equipment and machinery of simple designs prevailed. After World War I, agricultural machinery production declined to 8% from the 1913 level. Enterprises created in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries became the basis of agricultural engineering in Russia. The following features of the Russian agricultural machine-building industry are noted: small-scale production, limited nomenclature, manufacture of tools of simple designs, focus on the local market, lack of export, dependence of production volumes on the yield, lack of narrow specialization of enterprises, seasonal character of production.

Economic Evaluation of Directions of State Support of Producers of Energy Capacities for Agriculture of Russia

The main objective of the study is an objective economic assessment of the mechanisms of state support for producers of energy capacities for Russian agriculture. According to the results of the study, the article presents an in-depth analysis of the security of Russian agriculture with modern technology, the development of agricultural engineering, an assessment of the effectiveness of state support measures, and suggests key areas for stimulating the development of agricultural engineering in the context of the implementation of import substitution and food security. The following conclusions are formulated and justified: the formation of food security at the state level can be realized only under the condition of resource independence of the agricultural sector; the technological breakthrough observed in agriculture in recent years has become possible only under the condition of technical and technological modernization; dependence on imports of machinery and other productive resources does not allow the formation of a food security system, even if the state provides itself with food in bulk parameters.

Agricultural Engineering in the Middle Volga Region in the late XIX – early XX century

Introduction. Observed in the late XIX – early XX centuries intensification of state participation in the development of the engineering industry was primarily due to the need to solve military-strategic problems against the background of militarization unfolding throughout the world. The support for certain areas of the so-called civil engineering was considered as one of the tools of overall economic growth and a way to increase the well-being of the people. One of these priority areas was agricultural engineering. This article will attempt to consider the development of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the provinces of the Middle Volga region against the background of the development of this industry segment in Russia as a whole. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made by the methods of socio-economic history. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematic. The need for quantitative data processing led to the use of the statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on the study of archival and published sources, as well as the available scientific literature, the conditions, factors and basic parameters of the development of agricultural engineering in the provinces of the Middle Volga region in the late XIX – early XX centuries were examined in the context of general trends in the development of this industry on a national scale. The study showed that the first decade of the XX century is characterized by a rather dynamic development of domestic agricultural engineering, including in the Middle Volga. Several factors contributed to this: the trend of technical re-equipment of agriculture, improvement of market and transport infrastructure, the success of metallurgy in the region, customs protection, stimulation of producers through soft loans and bonuses, etc. Discussion and Conclusion. Despite the individual, mainly local successes in the development of agricultural engineering in the Middle Volga region, its role in the industrial and industrial structure of the region is hardly worth recognizing. Difficulties in the development of this area of engineering in the Middle Volga region were associated with increased competition from enterprises of industrially developed regions of Russia, foreign manufacturers, as well as handicraft production. The unfolding processes of monopolization had a double effect on agricultural engineering. On the one hand, they increased pressure on manufacturers, primarily from large metallurgical syndicates. On the other hand, the consolidation of agricultural machinery manufacturers at the beginning of the 20th century within the framework of the created monopolistic union contributed to the development of the industry as a whole and the creation of the most favorable conditions for industrial entrepreneurship in this area, including with the participation of the state.

Government Policy and Corporate Interests: Search for the Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia in the Late XIX – early XX centuries

Introduction. Against the backdrop of increased government participation in the economic development of the country, support for agricultural engineering was seen as one of the tools for transformation in the agricultural sector, as well as a way to increase public welfare. In addition, the government was interested in the growth of agricultural production and exports, which became one of the most important sources of foreign exchange funds. This article will attempt to explore the position of the state and the forms of its participation in the development of agricultural engineering in Russia. Special attention will be paid to the process of folding the corporate organization of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, against the backdrop of the strengthening of monopolistic trends in the Russian economy in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and system approach. The need to process quantitative data necessitated the use of a statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on a study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature, the main development problems were identified, and the evolution of government policy in the field of agricultural engineering in the late XIX – early XX centuries was examined. Against the backdrop of increased government participation, the processes of capital self-organization are shown, the forms and results of interaction between government structures and corporate-monopoly organizations in the development of this industry are studied. Discussion and Conclusion. At the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries, state participation in the development of the industry took place in two directions. Firstly, the customs regulation of imports of agricultural machinery, which was protectionist in nature. Secondly, direct support to manufacturers of machinery and complex technical devices for agriculture (bonuses and soft loans to owners of specialized enterprises, assistance in the transportation and marketing of products, etc.). In parallel, there was a consolidation of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements in order to exchange experience, jointly solve the most pressing problems and lobby their interests in government circles. Since 1907, congresses of Russian manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements began to be regularly held. In fact, this corporate organization has transformed into a monopolistic type of association. The study showed that the interaction of government structures and corporate-monopoly associations of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, despite some differences, was generally cooperative in nature and had a very positive effect on the development of the industry.

Стратегические намерения государства в развитии сельхозмашиностроения

<span>В статье даётся промежуточная оценка степени достижения целевых индикаторов Стратегии развития сельскохозяйственного машиностроения России на период до 2020 года, позволившая автору сделать вывод о несоответствии достигнутых отраслью результатов ожиданиям. Изменения в системе стратегического планирования, связанные с вступлением в силу федерального закона № 172-ФЗ, обусловили принятие новых стратегических документов по развитию отечественного сельхозмашиностроения. Поэтому автор рассматривает смыслообразующие намерения государства в отношении отрасли в новых реалиях на предмет их обоснованности, согласованности и непротиворечивости. Результатом стал вывод о сохранении проблем качества разрабатываемых стратегических документов, не ставших пока реальными инструментами управления.</span>

FINANCIAL SUPPORT STRATEGY FOR INNOVATIVE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT

The factors of the influence of the external environment on the strategy of financial support as an integral part of the strategy of innovative agricultural engineering development have been considered. The stages of its formation with focus on market conditions have been determined. The directions of the implementation of the strategy for financial support for innovative agricultural engineering development have been described, the conditions of participation of investors and the mechanism of its implementation have been presented.

Development of Agricultural Engineering Discipline at Agricultural University

In terms of the connotation and development status of agricultural engineering, the difference in the development of agricultural engineering discipline home and abroad was compared. The opportunities and challenges in developing the discipline of agricultural engineering for domestic agricultural universities were discussed. It was put forward that the development of agricultural engineering should be combined with modern technology, expertise advantages as well as feature disciplines. Moreover, intersection and integration of disciplines should be tried to explore the prospects for the development of agricultural engineering.

Retrospect and Prospect of Agricultural Engineering Development in TAIWAN

Retrospect and Prospect of Agricultural Engineering Development in TAIWAN

Developments in rural areas in relation with developments in land and water management research in the Netherlands. I. Economic development and rural development plans.

Since 1900 seven successive stages can be distinguished in the development of agricultural engineering and in land and water management research in the Netherlands. The development process is traced from the introduction of fertilizers during 1900-1930, through mechanisation, improvement of water management and land accessibility, and increase in the size and specialisation of units, to increasing emphasis on the ecological and recreational value of land. The main features of economical development in agriculture after 1945 are disucssed, including changes in production volume, structure and costs, labour input and productivity, and the cost of wages. The influence of land and water management projects on the rise in agricultural productivity is considered, together with the present policy of selective growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)