Development Ladder Research Articles

Effects of Maoist’s War on Dalits’ Movement

This study was carried out to find the effects of the Maoist’s war on the Dalit movement in Nepal. The data were generated and interpreted using qualitative research design and methods. The major problem of Dalits in Nepal is caste-based untouchability. The study found that there was a small but active participation of Dalits during Maoist’s war and even in the post-war political movements. The study found that the issues of Dalits became an agenda of national politics by virtue of the armed struggle led by former unified Nepal Communist Party Maoist. Politically, there is a gradual improvement in the post-war period in the Dalit movement although it has yet to be institutionalized. The data showed that the Dalits are yet to be pulled up in the socio-economic development ladder; however, political participation, reservation in civil services, scholarships in school education and constitutional provisions showed that there is a gradual progress of the Dalits. Representation in political institutions and the inclusive provisions of the constitution of 2015, for example, fundamental rights against untouchability, right to equality and provision of National Dalit Commission as a constitutional body have stood as testimony. Analysing the history, this study concludes that merely legal provision does not make sense unless there is honest implementation. Therefore, the multiple methods of justice, for example, commutative, restorative, retributive, distributive, procedural can be applied to ensure justice to the Dalit community.

Red, Yellow, Or Green: Which Colors Are Your Co-Operatives?

Co-operative is a socio-economic institution which is the most appropriate for Indonesian economic system. Indonesia has the largest number of co-operatives in the world, however, they have not contributed optimally for the Indonesian economy. Co-operative trainings held by the government failed to improve co-operative’s quality, since those trainings were not based on co-operative’s real needs. This study aims to identify and map areas of action for future development of the co-operatives. Using modified Development Ladder Assessment (DLA) as a tool, 74 co-operatives in Central Java, Indonesia, were measured. Four dimensions were assessed using DLA: 1) vision, 2) governance and member engagement, 3) management capacity and business development, and 4) financial management. Total score for each dimension determines whether co-operative is in red, yellow or green areas. Red means poor, yellow means moderate, and green means excellent. Most of the co-operatives are poor in the first (vision) and the third (management capacity and business development) dimensions. The Co-operatives were also found to have moderate governance and member engagement (the second dimension). Finally, the result show that financial management (the fourth dimension) has been well-implemented. Implication of this study is that co-operatives are suggested to get appropriate trainings based on their color areas.

Study on the relationship between career anchor and career orientation of doctors in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital

Objective To use the career anchor scale to understand the career development route preference of doctors, so as to provide a reference for their individual career planning and positioning, encourage them to realize their personal value, and provide scientific decision-making basis for hospital human resource management. Methods The career anchor scale was used and a career orientation scale was established. In June 2017, a group sampling survey was conducted among doctors at a university affiliated hospital in Zhejiang province, and 790 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire covered 40 items, with the self-report 6 subscale and the χ2 test used for comparison of rates. Results Eight types of career anchors were commonly distributed among doctors, among which the technical/functional anchor was the main career anchor, scoring 24.45±5.11 points. There was a correlation between doctors′ career anchors and their career orientations, among which the managerial career anchors scored the highest, with a correlation coefficient of 0.228. Conclusions The career anchor theory can be used to guide the career development of employees and establish a multi-career development ladder for doctors. Key words: Health manpower; Doctors; Career anchor; Career orientation; Career planning

ANALISIS KINERJA DAN PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KOPERASI MANDIRI JAYA KABUPATEN BOGOR

Cooperative is one of many institutions that support agribusiness sector in rural area. It has big role in agricultural sector because of Indonesia’s farming system characterized by small scale and scattered business. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of institutional performance and member participations as well as to analyze strategies to improve the performance of Mandiri Jaya Cooperative. Data obtained from 30 respondents with purposive sampling method. This research analyzed by Development Ladder Assesment (DLA) and Rank Spearman Correlation Test. The result shows that the cooperative’s performance was in green zone which means this cooperative was in good condition. Rank Spearman Correlation Test shows that there is a straight line relationship between social economic benefit with the member participation level in the cooperative’s organizational, capital and business activity. Some policies can be applied to increase the role of the Mandiri Jaya Cooperative to become an institution which not only helps resolve member capital issues. Things that can be done such as providing education and basic understanding of cooperative identity, strengthening internal management conditions, and strengthening networks to create partnerships that can support cooperative’s performance.

Using special economic zones to facilitate development: Policy implications

Volume 26 number 2 of the Transnational Corporations journal is a special issue dedicated to special economic zones (SEZs) and their potential as vehicles for development. The issue grew out of research and background papers that fed into UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2019, the thematic focus of which was SEZs. In compiling this issue, we sought to contextualize the emergence of SEZs, their evolution, and the associated policy trajectories that underpin them. This introductory paper amalgamates observations from the broader academic literature, as well as the findings of the World Investment Report 2019 and its associated background papers. A common theme is that a well-designed zone will evolve with the changing comparative advantages and development level of the underlying economy, in what is described as the “SEZ development ladder”. As the locational advantages change, the emphasis and the objectives of the SEZ must also change. Reliance on “generic” locational advantages must necessarily diminish, and greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing “specialized” locational advantages. Another key finding is that the benefits of an SEZ must intentionally “leak” beyond the perimeter of the zone. The pervasiveness of the direct, indirect, and induced extra-SEZ effects beyond the geographically bounded space of the SEZ determines its success or failure. Scope remains for future research on SEZs, focusing on their sustainability, the impact of the digital economy and industry 4.0, and the involvement of new financing partners for SEZ development.

Performance Measurement Using Development Ladder Assessment and Health Indicators: Study of Co-operatives

AbstractObjective – This study aimed to analyze the performance of co-operative using two different performance management measures, Development Ladder Assessment (DLA 2009 version) and co-operative health indicator (CHI). Design/methodology – The sample of this study is 10 co-operatives operated in Aceh, Indonesia. Data was collected from secondary and primary sources. The secondary data is obtained from financial reports and annual meeting reports of 2014 and 2016, while primary data was collected from questionnaires with management and supervisory board of the co-operatives. The data was analyzed using a comparative and descriptive statistical approach. Results – This study found that both performance methods produced different results. Some co-operatives attain rank “A” in DLA approach, but no co-operatives are categorized as rank “A” within CHI measure. Additionally, DLA is more informative for the supervisory board in measuring co-operative performance than CHI.

Imperative of Leadership Education in Africa's Quest for Global Development Space

More than half a century after independence from the colonial powers, the spate of development in Africa remains a sharp contrast to the great expectations of the freedom struggle which led to the emergence of modern African countries. The continent is today occupying the lowest rung on the global development ladder beleaguered with widespread poverty, poverty-triggered violence, civil crisis, youth restiveness due to chronic unemployment, multi-facetted insecurity and many more constraints to stable development which have resulted in continuous massive emigration of majority of the working age population from the continent to other climes in search of greener pastures. The struggle of the continent to occupy a significant position in the global development space continues to remain elusive due to weak or non-existing institutional frameworks to provide the critical impetus and environment conducive for development. Several researches have placed the blame for these on the doorsteps of bad leadership and lack of good governance in Africa. Leadership at the public level is expected to proffer solutions to problems and challenges arising from their immediate environment’s need to respond to changing circumstances within and outside. The challenge in most African countries over the years has been the paucity of leaders with the capacity to promote the requisite development for the continent to effectively occupy a significant space in global development commensurate with the enormous human and material resources the continent is endowed with. Using the eclectic method of inquiry, descriptive and historical overview of relevant themes, this paper explores the challenge of leadership and the attendant consequences. The quality of leadership in many African countries significantly impacts the rate of development or underdevelopment in these countries; the quality of leadership on the continent has adversely affected diverse sectors; especially, the education sector and the leadership in most African countries lacks the requisite capacity to promote the adaptation that will not only restore, but also promote the fundamental interests and values of their society when existing circumstances create contradiction between how things are being done and how they should be done. The study argues that there should be a thorough review of the education system in African countries to give room for leadership nurturing in students through a multi-phase leadership education that is multidisciplinary, global, and ethics oriented as panacea for many of the leadership challenges in many African countries. The inclusion of leadership education in school curriculum will engender the preparation of students with practical and requisite skills that will enhance their ability to be effective leaders in future whether in public or private sector, overcoming the disaster of leadership of the current dispensation while giving assurance for a better future for the continent and the world at large. Keywords: Africa; Leadership; Development; Education DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-6-07 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Technology transfer for development in Nigeria: patterns, problems and prospects

Technology is critical to industrialization and economic development of every country. The disparity in income gap between countries is largely explained by the differences in technological generation, application and diffusion. For quite sometimes now, Nigeria has continued inordinately to occupy an unenviable position in the technological development ladder. Consequently, it is contended that the time is ripe for Nigeria to properly articulate and harness opportunities offered by the technology transfer. Such technology transfer arrangements can be accomplished through carefully formulated and implemented policies that not only emphasize the optimization of the transfer options but also foster the deepening of the national absorptive capacity and innovation capability, bearing in mind the inextricable linkage between research results from academic and research institutions and industries.

EMNCs (and aMNCs) on the “Schumpeterian development ladder”: toward a new paradigm of interactive growth between the emerging and the advanced worlds

This paper aims to build theoretical foundations for a new paradigm of MNC-driven interactive growth. Catch-up growth (during which eMNCs emerge on the global stage) is derived from close interactions between aspiring emerging economies and advanced economies (including aMNCs) under the liberal global order. Since sovereignty-conscious emerging economies are naturally determined to foster the growth of national enterprises (including latent eMNCs), the state predictably plays a significant role in their catch-up efforts. Schumpeterian structural economics, flying-geese frames of reference, and endogenous growth perspective are employed as building blocks for the terms of the evolving relations between the leader and the led, a relationship that is destined dialectically to engender both political and economic rivalries due to the very success encouraged by liberalism. East Asian experiences (with full-fledged catch-ups and the rise of dominant eMNCs) are cited in conceptualising the paradigm.

Early riser, late bloomer: Contextualizing Turkish health achievements in the last 50 yearsvis-à-visChina and the global picture of development

AbstractWhere does Turkey’s performance in the health dimension of the Preston Curve stand with regard to comparable countries on the development ladder? When one observes the chronological progression of health and wealth values embedded in the Preston Curve for developing countries, one sees a near monotonic increase across the board, with only a very small number of downwardly mobile countries. In the face of this near-universal increase in health and wealth values, it is necessary to adopt a more comparative perspective in order to situate the Turkish state’s choices and performance within the general story playing out for developing countries in the second half of the 20th century. Utilizing just such a comparative framework, this article uses China’s experience between 1960 and 2010 as an alternative through which to understand Turkey’s development experience.

Constructing a Ladder for Growth: Policy, Markets, and Industrial Upgrading in China

Indigenous firms in developing countries with large domestic markets have unique advantages: the low end provides “natural” protection from foreign competition, while higher-end segments provide incentives for foreign firms to localize activities and develop channels for future capability building. Paradoxically, in their eagerness to support development efforts of local firms, states often nullify these advantages and limit the opportunities and capabilities that local firms can leverage in the upgrading process. Using the case studies of three large industrial sectors in China that faced similar prospects but had widely different outcomes, this paper develops a framework for understanding how policy shapes the growth and segmentation of markets, and thus the opportunity for industrial upgrading of indigenous firms. The cases show how restrictive demand- and supply-side policies often inadvertently limited the opportunities for upgrading through their effect on the availability of know-how, inputs, and resources required for industrial upgrading (the supply side), and through their effect on the incentives for upgrading (the demand side). Given that each segment is a crucial rung on the development ladder, industrial upgrading efforts stall when state policy inadvertently knocks out rungs on the development ladder.

Perceptions of the Value of Extended Assessments to Resolve Allegations of Sexual Abuse: It's the Performance that Counts

ABSTRACTRecently, child welfare researchers and professionals have turned their attention to strategies for resolving challenging allegations of sexual abuse. An extended assessment, usually 4–6 child interviews by a single interviewer, is one such strategy. Using data from an online survey of 932 child maltreatment professionals about the utility of extended assessments, a mixed methods study examined differences in views of professionals who had actually conducted extended assessments and those who had not. Respondents possessing extended assessment experience perceived fewer barriers and viewed a smaller number of types of cases as appropriate for extended assessments. Respondents who had conducted extended assessments were more likely to see extended assessments as beneficial to legal cases whereas those who had not were more likely to see them as a detriment to legal cases. Respondents identified several practical issues that need attention: standards and guidelines related to extended assessments, the need for training and supervision, and clearer definitions of the practice. Practice implications include recognition of a niche for experienced, graduate credentialed practitioners who can conduct extended assessments, forming a rung on a professional development ladder. Findings highlight a need to understand the circumstances under which extended assessments help or hinder child wellbeing and prosecutions.

Distribution channels and internationalization in a developing-country clothing industry

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution channels used by a Nigerian sample of apparel producers and investigate the association between the channels in use and the sample’s export involvement. In this era of sophisticated computer- and internet-mediated marketing practices, the larger proportion of entrepreneurs in developing economies still deploy largely informal marketing practices. Countries indeed have adopted the marketing revolution to varying degrees, consistent with prevailing level of development.Design/methodology/approach– A structured interview schedule was used in collecting data from 111 apparel entrepreneurs.Findings– Most of the respondents were domestic market-focused haute couture producers or low-volume producers of ready-to-wear (r-t-w) clothing who supply institutions or boutiques, using direct channels. Only a few export, mainly through ethnic-commercial networks involving overseas-based family/friends.Practical implications– For now, current distribution channels seem adequate for the personal and business goals of these entrepreneurs. However, large-volume clothing exporting through formal global distribution channels is what drives industrialization and development. These apparel entrepreneurs therefore require institutional assistance to link up with formal global marketing channels. It is only then that the industry would serve similar development roles as witnessed in other emerging economies which have climbed the development ladder through export of labour-intensive manufactures like clothing.Originality/value– The study confirmed earlier observations about apparel exporting in Nigeria, such as prevalent use of informal channels, and also draws attention to less-known details, including the existence of fledgling local trade intermediaries, “disappointed exporters” and an emerging group (yet miniscule) of exporters who utilize more formalized channels.

Linking key success factors of rice supply chain with the operational strategy in Sri Lanka: An analytical framework

The key success factors of the rice supply chain are regarded as a potentially useful resource in structuring the performance of mud-to-mouth supply chain network. Improving the profitability of the farmer requires adoption of best operational practices for improving the performance of the sector throughout the supply chain. This study mainly focused on identifying the key success factors of the rice supply chain and the presence of those factors in the operational strategy. An exploratory survey was conducted in the Atharagallewa agriculture instructor division of the Polonnaruwa district in Sri Lanka. Randomly selected 50 farmers from a group of 380 and eight agriculture officers were used as the survey participants to identify the current performance and operational strategies in the rice production sector. Based on the statistical analysis of the rankings given by survey participants, key success factors related to mechanization, quality improvement and product development, knowledge and skill development, risk management and information availability of the rice supply chain were identified and were validated with experts’ opinion. The analysis helped in developing a Rice Supply Chain Development Ladder (RSCDL). The RSCDL contained three states, namely Introduction, Improvement and Review/Standardization, and facilitated identification of AS-IS state (existing circumstances) of the rice supply chain for the selected study site. These states could differ from district to district, based on the constraints present. This development ladder can be used as an analytical framework to represent the current AS-IS states of the rice supply chain. The RSCDL model provided a structured framework to analyze the current level of operational practices in a high performance rice production area. This can be a useful benchmarking tool for the poorly performing rice growing area with similar environmental conditions.

Perpetual motion for electronics manufacture

Contract electronics manufacture sees countries vie for the business as they try to get on the development ladder, and there is no end in sight. Electronics has one key advantage compared to many other industries. The products are often highly modular, using cleanly defined standard interfaces that run from buses such as PCI Express down to the low-speed interfaces such as 12C used in low-end consumer electronics. It is easy for OEMs to parcel up functions and have them absorbed into modules - themselves composed of highly modular integrated circuits - that can be made anywhere with enough skilled staff and assembly equipment.

Exploring nursing staff's perception on career development ladder in a medium-sized hospital with long-term care beds

Exploring nursing staff's perception on career development ladder in a medium-sized hospital with long-term care beds

Financial Inclusion In Zimbabwe: A Contextual Overview

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. Financial inclusion is an important and contemporary aspect the world over. In Zimbabwe, many people are excluded from the financial sector and this has created high levels of poverty and inequality in the country. The article follows a qualitative research methodology. The overview is done using existing literature, driven by an exploratory approach. The results show that financial exclusion comes in different forms and it is responsible for poverty and inequality in Zimbabwe. Most of the ‘unbanked’ dwell in the rural areas hence the need for developing the rural banking sector for local resource mobilisation and business development. The majority(about 65%) of the people dwell in the rural areas. The rural dwellers are excluded from the financial mainstream and do not have good access to financial resources. Consequently, they remain on the lowest rung of the development ladder. The development of rural banks has potential to develop rural businesses that are currently underdeveloped partly because of lack of financial resources. Financial inclusion will promote local savings and investments thus developing rural businesses. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p415

Investment-centred transitioning from agrarian-tourism economy to manufacturing in cross river state, south-eastern/south-south, Nigeria: A theoretical perspective and background

Embattled by ministries, departments and agencies of Nigeria’s federal government, that worked together with neighbouring (Akwa Ibom) State government to remove Cross River State from the country’s oil-producing states entitled to receipt of larger statutory allocations compared to their counterparts, Cross River State Government’s policy of promoting regional development through attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) since 2009 is receiving praises. This article presents contexts, core-periphery theoretical perspectives, and comments elucidating intricacies of FDI-centred sub-national regional development strategizing in the context of phenomenal globalization of neoliberal capitalism. It is argued that the core-periphery theory’s current status promises ‘depressed’ sub-national regions the development strategies they require for transiting from backwardness to growth. This assertion derives from the theory’s encouragement of Nigeria’s ‘depressed’ sub-national regions to aspire towards applying innovative policies/instruments capable of reversing undesirable circumstances that sometimes surpass standards previously/currently attained by counterparts placed higher on the development ladder.

Crisis Politics in Authoritarian Regimes: How Crises Catalyse Changes under the State–Society Interactive Framework

Most studies and research on crisis management and government crises focus on nations that are advanced and democratic. Through the institutionalized mechanism of voting, the public can respond to a government's handling of a crisis without destabilizing the democratic system of government. However, the consequences of crises, particularly governance crises, in authoritarian regimes have not been adequately addressed. Drawing upon different frameworks in the field, this paper proposes a heuristic crisis development ladder and a state–society interactive framework more relevant for studying crisis management in authoritarian nations such as China. By focusing on the catalytic effect of crisis that accelerates reforms and changes, this paper argues that critical crises are politically powerful and decisive in authoritarian systems, especially in the context of an increasingly proactive civil society. This paper illustrates the crisis provoking politics that influences decision‐making under non‐democratic rule.

State-of-the-art and challenges in theoretical simulations of heterogeneous catalysis at the microscopic level

Theoretical simulations of systems that represent heterogeneous catalysts constitute one of the main tools in the research for new catalytic materials. Theory plays a role in the three stages of the development ladder: characterisation, understanding and prediction. Due to the complexity of the computational methods, there is a strong need to integrate different models and cover the relevant scales in heterogeneous catalysis. This requirement constitutes an important drawback as scientists need training in several aspects of the problem including chemical, physical and engineering views of the modelling while keeping the experimental and industrial interests and needs in perspective. Here we present some of the latest developments in the field of theoretical simulations at the microscopic level while illustrating suitable examples that show how theory can shed light on several aspects of characterisation, activity, selectivity and long-term stability.