Development Of Russian Regions Research Articles

The regional typology development in the system of strategic planning

The article is devoted to research of modern approaches to typologization, classification and ranking of subjects in Russian Federation. The relevance of classification, typology of regions and their ranking based on one or several indicators and criteria for solving the problems of regional differentiation according to the level of social and economic development, increasing of their investment, demographic, resource and infrastructure potential. The system of state strategic planning must take into account the specifics of the economic, social and innovative development of Russian regions. For this purpose, the article analyzes the main indicators of regional socio-economic development used for typology, classification and ranking of territories. Most often, the available statistical indicators of regional development are used: gross regional product per capita, budget expenditures per capita, investment in fixed assets, unemployment, births, deaths, per capita incomes of the population and others. It is concluded that none of the existing approaches to the typology of regions can be used in the process of developing and implementing a longterm regional strategy for socio-economic development. A typology of regions based on dynamic integral indicators of economic, social and innovative development, consisting of nine regional groups that contain three types of regional development (outrunning, regressive and catching up) and three types of levels of regional development (high, medium and low). A conclusion is made about the need for additional research in the field of regional strategic planning tools for different types and groups of subjects in Russian Federation.

COMPLEX MULTI-LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VISUALIZATION

This article describes a method of complex assessment of sustainable development of territories on the basis of social development index, index of economic development and index of the ecological tension. The developed method allows one to comprehensively analyze sustainable development of territories, and at the same time enables one to detail the elements of the problem detected by successive hierarchical decomposition of each of aggregated indices. The methodology takes into account the peculiarities of inhomogeneous and difficult comparable regions, the evaluation of which by using conventional methods of identification and typology does not provide the most rapid, effective and objective results. Approbation of methodology was carried out on the example of the Russian Federation. The possibilities for the analysis of sustainable development are supplemented with a map, built in the color triangle method, which allows one to visualize the balance of components at each analyzed level. Considered theoretical principles and their practical use helped to complete an assessment of basic parameters of sustainable development of Russian regions. On their basis it is possible to form a unified list of criteria, which could become a national standard for the assessment of sustainable development at the local, regional and federal levels, and be recommended for practical use in the development and adoption of new regional solutions.

The Debt Burden of Regions and Regional Policy

Topic. The article is devoted to the problem of regional debt, the analysis of the causes and consequences of soaring public debt of the regions. The authors define the problem of imbalance of regional budgets and high debt burden on the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as one of the key problems of the modern systemic economic crisis in Russia. Purpose. The purpose of the work consists in a complex analysis of the debt burden of Russian regions, as well as assessing the quality of management of regional finances. The search for new approaches to solving the problem of continuous growth of debts of subjects of the Russian Federation will allow improving the system of intergovernmental relations and policy of regional development of Russia in general. Methodology. The article presents the study of volume and dynamics of changes in the debt burden of Russian regions for the period 2009–2016, analysis of directions of the state policy of debt management of regions, and an overview of relevant legislation. Separately, it was assessed the quality of management of regional finances, based on the report of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Results. The article highlights the key causes of the growing regions’ indebtedness, including their own low revenue base of the budgets, the transfer to the regions the powers without appropriate financial resources, increased burden of social expenses, a systemic crisis in the economy etc. There were defined the trends of development problems, changes in the structure of debt obligations of the RF subjects and RF subjects with the biggest indebtedness. Conclusions. The authors proposed possible ways and directions of regional and budgetary policy in the sphere of inter-budgetary relations and debt management of the Russian regions. We concluded the need for a complex changes in the system of inter-budgetary relations and inter-budgetary policy in general.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE SUPPORT OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA

Topic. The article analyzes the problem of efficiency of state policy in the field of financing of small business that is becoming increasingly important. In the current economic environment, increasing role of state support of small business needs an evaluation of the effect of the spent resources. It is noted that the solution to this problem, which is of great practical importance, is poorly developed. The authors attribute this, primarily, with the absence of results-based management. This is confirmed by the fact that for the state support programs of the federal and regional level of small business do not exist uniform criteria for evaluating the effectiveness. It leads to unreasonable measures to support specific businesses. Therefore, the article considers and analyses the current process of evaluating the effectiveness of state support of small entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is a comprehensive authors’ study of the process of assessing the effectiveness of state support of small entrepreneurship in Russia, as well as approaches to the development of criteria of efficiency in the Russian state programs, and the rationale for fundamentally new techniques. Methodology. The study is based on a systems approach and uses scientific and statistical methods. It has been applied tabular data visualization techniques. We evaluate the criteria of the efficiency of state support in the Russian regional development programs and present their classification. Results. In the article, we reviewed approaches of foreign and domestic authors concerning evaluation the effectiveness of state support. A study of all the regional programs of support of small entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation has allowed revealing, that in the vast majority of subjects of the Russian Federation in assessing the effectiveness of public support shall apply the general indicators of development of small business. Conclusions. With the aim of improving the existing methods, the authors propose to use in assessing the effectiveness of public support such indicators as the number of enterprises benefiting from support and operating in the territory of the region, increase of tax revenues, due to the support; the share of innovative enterprises in total enterprises benefiting from support. We present an example with calculations of the budget effectiveness of state support of subjects of small business.

POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF NEO-INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

In the article a key factors of neo-industrial development paradigm that rejects the dominant position of service sector are considered. The author points to a fundamental change in the labor and employment in conditions neo-industrialization. Transition to neo-industrialism typical for advanced nations and regions, as an essential condition for a new stage of development is increasing of capital investments and the overall level of capital per worker. The author suggests using the overall level of capital per worker to evaluate the potential of neo-industrial development of Russian regions. Regression analysis confirmed the possibility of using average income per capita to determine the potential of neo-industrial development.

Economic and Legal Aspects of the Regulation of Population Migration

The article is devoted to a current problem of regional development, such as the regulation of labour migration. In the article, the causes of the inefficient use of labour resources are identified and the solutions to reduce tension in the labour market both at the state level and at the level of an individual employee are proposed. The formal rules and informal constraints that have a significant impact on migration are allocated. The institutional support for the regulation of migration in Russia is considered. At the level of the entities of the Russian Federation, the analysis of migration flows for the period from 2012 to 2014 is carried out; the entities of the Russian Federation are grouped according to the degree of the influence of the indicators of the natural movement and the migration of population as well as to the qualification structure of migrants (professional education, age structure). The basic imbalances in the labour market in the entities of the Russian Federation are revealed. The authors have proposed a model for assessing the attractiveness of workplaces based on the objective indicators of the development of Russian regions presented in the statistical report of Federal State Statistics Service. A feature of the model is the ability to determine the main factors influencing the attraction of labour resources to the region. The methodological tools of the research include the mathematical methods of processing statistical data. Testing of the model is conducted for the Federal districts of the Russian Federation. According to the developed model, the coefficient of the attractiveness of a workplace in 2010 and 2014 for all Federal districts of the Russian Federation is calculated. In the article, the legal framework regulating the flow of the human capital is also analysed. The assessment of the implementation of the state program of support for the resettlement in the Russian Federation of compatriots residing abroad is given.

Financial Mechanism for Investing in the Projects of Transport Infrastructure Development of Russian Regions

Objectives: This article is devoted to the actual problem of the economy of any state – finding effective formats of financing investment projects of transport infrastructure development, having significant differences in many countries. The publicprivate partnership is the most common worldwide financial mechanism to attract investment in the infrastructure projects. Methods: The authors have attempted to substantiate the main results of the research using econometric tools, along with the traditional methods of analysis – statistical monitoring, graphical method, the method of observation, measurement and analysis. Findings: Based on the identified needs in the construction of transport routes in Russia compared with Western countries, the authors have determined the volume of investments in this sector. Then, the mathematical model of making investment decisions on the basis of econometric equilibrium strategies of participants has been offered. The analysis of the various possibilities of strategic cooperation between the participants of investment projects on the basis of game theory (in particular, the Nash equilibrium and Cournot duopoly) allowed the authors to suggest a function of weighted average cost of project capital (WACPC), designed to improve the effectiveness of using financial resources involved in the infrastructure projects. Improvements: One of the practical implications of this study lies in the fact that based on the game theory it is possible to create a universal financial mechanism, which would enable to diversify investment sources and reduce the risks of infrastructure projects at all stages of their implementation. Following the principles of Nash equilibrium strategy is able to eliminate the corruption schemes in the allocation of contracts with state authorities and general contractors for transport infrastructure construction and upgrading.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MODELS OF FEMALE YOUTH IN THE REGION ASPECT

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме развития сферы потребления и влияния ее на поведение россиян, конструирование ими образа своей жизни. Предметом анализа служит потребительское поведение молодых жительниц волгоградского региона России. Целью данной статьи является выявление специфики моделей потребительского поведения и их основных характеристик. Методология и методы. Основу исследования составляют работы ученых, представляющих различные общественные науки и подходы к рассмотрению потребления и потребительского поведения: экономисты, психологи, социологи, философы. В качестве метода социологического исследования использовался метод устных историй. Результаты исследования заключаются в выявлении уровня жизни молодежи, определении потребительских целей, учете ценностей, на которые они ориентируются, изучении особенностей праздничных и рутинных поведенческих практик и факторов на них влияющих. Область применения. Результаты могут быть использованы для прогнозирования социально-экономического и культурного развития России, регионов и их жителей, в совершенствовании процесса потребительской социализации.

Contributions of Tourism to the Development of Regions in Russia and Germany. Bashkortostan and Saxony

In the last decades the growth of the tourism industry in Russia has slowed down, and its lack of competitiveness has been the topic of various publications. Similarly, the touristic potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan is not exhausted with tourism still making an unsatisfactory contribution to the GRP of the region. Bashkortostan and Saxony are of the same size — in terms of population. Population density, however, is much higher in Saxony. In addition, differing historic roots affect any efforts to develop the touristic potential of Bashkortostan. It is then the goal of this paper to provide recommendations for sustainable tourism with a long-term perspective by analyzing consequences of these facts on the touristic infrastructure, on competitive forces, on the tasks of a tourism-marketing bureau, among others — always in comparison to the situation in Saxony (the case study method). Thus, this comparative analysis helps to restructure tourism in Bashkortostan in a situation with insufficient reliable touristic data. In the conditions of deceleration of global economic growth, depletion of natural resources, it is highly important to secure proper functioning of economic systems by means of using the available potential possibilities and searching for new reserves of economic growth. Tourism has a huge potential of development and can be an additional source of economic growth in Bashkortostan.

Substantiation of the Transformation of the Priorities of Innovation and Technological Development of Russian Regions in the Global Crisis

The purpose of the study is the substantiation of the necessity to implement the policy of neo-industrialization in Russia as a tool for overcoming the consequences of the global crisis. The hypothesis of the study consists in the assumption that the increase of Russian regions’ competitiveness during the crisis is impossible without the transformation of regional innovation priorities with the account of the modern trends in science and technology development as well as the production needs in modernization and import substitution, rapid formation of the high-tech sector. The authors suggest that one of the main reasons for modern structural crisis in the Russian Federation is ignoring of the determined impact of the level of innovative-technological development on the status of regional socio-economic systems and the country as a whole. During the test of the hypothesis, on the basis of the analysis of official statistics, there are revealed a number of negative trends that hinder overcoming the crisis by the accelerated development of modern technological waves in Russia. They are the staff reduction in the Russian science and deterioration of its quality; the increasing gap between the financial support of the scientific research in the Russian Federation and in the developed countries; the reduction of the possibility for the development of innovative business; producers’ disincentive in the innovative activities. The authors substantiate the necessity to strengthen the state innovative policy for the improvement of the socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation. The research proposes the methodological approach to the selection of the priorities for the innovative support of the economic development of the Russian regions based on a comprehensive consideration of the status and problems of the development of scientific and innovative capacity, business environment of the region, as well as its ability to create the innovative production. The calculations to assess the possibility to form the innovative activity’s centres of different types in the Russian regions are made. These centres should be aimed at increasing the share of high-tech enterprises focused on the creation of innovations to solve the current problems for Russia such as import substitution and neo-industrialization of the economy. The article is addressed to the professionals in the field of theory and practice of the management of innovative processes.

The Innovative Development of the Territory: Institutional Aspects

The article considers the innovative development issues in the regions of the Russian Federation (RF), emphasizing the importance of transition of Russian economy to an innovative path of development. The authors consider some of the issues of innovative structure of the RF regions and present certain indicators of their innovative activity, as well as various peculiarities of regional innovation structure formation. The authors propose some recommendations to improve the institutional environment for innovative development of Russian regions.

Scenario of the socioeconomic development of Russian regions up to 2030 in light of large-scale investment projects implemented in the regions

This paper presents a scenario of Russia’s socioeconomic development formed as part of macroeconomic forecasts by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia based on the developed method. Trends in the regional and industrial structure of the national economy have been analyzed. The influence of prospective large-scale investment projects on the economic development of Russia and its regions has been evaluated.

Стратегическое планирование развития территории:: принципы и подходы к выбору инструментария

Territorial development is both a toolto ensure effective
 and sustainable socio-economic development of Russia, and on
 the other hand requires a consistent transformation of spatial organization
 and economic structure of the country.
 In developing the spatial development strategy advocates the need
 for a comprehensive methodology for the spatial distribution as the
 industry structure of the economy, as well as legal support for the
 planned activities.
 The article describes the principles and approaches to the choice of
 tools used in the development of spatial development strategy. The
 main stages of strategic planning of the territory’sare strengths and
 weaknesses, opportunities and threats. By type of competitive advantages,
 all the factors of competitiveness are grouped into three
 categories: natural resource, operational and strategic. Experience
 in building integrated competitiveness ratings of Russian regions
 allows you to select a group of factors that determine the future
 spatial development. Five groups of factors determining the spatial
 further competitive development of Russian regions. The influence
 of geographic information systems in the competitive development
 of the regions. Spatial planning based on technology foresight.

A cluster model of ethno-tourism organization in Russian regions

Purpose This study aims to investigate the prospects for cluster modeling of ethno-tourism development in Russian regions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the methods of system and comparative analysis, mathematical statistics, managerial diagnostics, expert estimates, in-depth interview, cluster method and social and psychological testing. Findings A significant number of Russian and international researchers study the problem of cluster and network interaction in economics using different perspectives. Special attention should be paid to the theory of cluster and network interaction in the field of tourism. This theory establishes the framework for the formulation of the concept of regional tourism development. The author believes that the concept should be developed using network forms of interaction in the field. Practical implications The government should support cluster initiatives to improve the competitiveness of the country in the field of tourism. Further, this cluster policy should include tourist centers with the best prospects, as they are capable of stimulating the country’s economy, and develop a legal framework to provide cluster initiatives support. Otherwise, cluster and network modeling is likely to fail. Another limitation is the negative attitude of local and conventional religious communities toward the ideas of ethno-tourism issues; the best example is the included case study from Mari El Republic, Russia. Originality/value Given the wide ethic, cultural and geographical differences within the Russian Federation, it is helpful to develop a spatial model of cluster and network organization for tourism based on selection of the areas that feature unique natural and recreational potential in addition to historical and cultural attractiveness. These areas can be viewed as places where various cluster tourist initiatives and local tourist clusters can be implemented. The use of ethno-tourism as a base concept for local tourism development in the region is bound to make the region more attractive for investors and, thus, support and promote interest in the unique culture of the indigenous peoples.

Применение кластерного анализа при исследовании уровня развития человеческого капитала в регионах России

This paper proposes a set of indicators to assess the level of human capital
 development of Russian regions. the results of cluster analysis of regions
 of Russia are determined in terms of human capital development.

Regional Environment in the Context of Regional Differences in the Russian Society

Background/Objectives: The way problems of catch-up development of Russian regions is presented and fixed in public mind often provokes inter-regional migration, which narrows to limits of redistribution of labor resources in raw areas or cities. Methods/Statistical analysis: This article is based on methodological apparatus of sociological theories identifying nature and content of modernization process and social change in general. The methodological basis is constituted by works of Russian and foreign scientists developing theory of complex systems, decision-making, raising questions of regional management and management of large territorial environments. Findings: Changes in geopolitical situation, transition to high-performance economy make impossible to claim that if Russian Federation is a self-sufficient country as for its territory and mineral resources, development of regions is provided by leaders. In our view, having major regional differences this scheme of locomotive pulling wagons is not optimal, since there are serious battles in distribution of social and economic resources, and recipient regions are in a position of eternal asylums. Noting that colossal amount of regional differences relates to fact that scheme the rich - poor regions is reproduced, and 2/3 of RF subjects having proportion of people with incomes below subsistence level exceeds Russian average,12 it can be stated, that regional environment can, if not radically, then substantially change this situation through new redefining of movement of technologies and intensity of communications. Applications/Improvements: Regional environment should attract more scientists' attraction as it has sufficient intellectual, social and human potential for social development.

Инновационный фактор в развитии российских регионов

Инновационный фактор в развитии российских регионов

Substantiating the Transformations in the Priorities of the Innovations and Technology Development of the Russian Regions amid the Global Crisis

The purpose of this research is to substantiate the necessity for Russia to adopt a neo-industrialization policy as a tool for overcoming the consequences of the global crisis. The research hypothesis assumes that the competitiveness of Russian regions in crisis conditions cannot be enhanced without transforming the regional innovation priorities with regard to modern science and technology developments, production demands for modernization and import substitution, and accelerated the formation of the high technology sector. The authors believe that one of the main reasons for the current structural crisis in Russia is ignoring the determining impact of the innovations and technology development on the country’s regional socio- economic systems as a whole. The verification of this hypothesis based on the analysis of the official statistics revealed a number of negative tendencies impeding the country in overcoming the crisis phenomena through accelerated development of modern technological paradigms: decreasing staff component and deteriorating quality of the Russian science, widening the gap between the financial support in Russia and developed countries, reducing opportunities for innovation business development, and a lack of motivation for manufacturers to engage in innovation activities. The authors substantiate the necessity to strengthen the state innovation policy for the recovery of Russia’s socio-economic situation. They propose a methodological approach to choosing the priorities of innovation support for the economic development of Russian regions based on a comprehensive review of the condition and challenges in the development of research potential, the region’s business environment, and its ability to master innovations. Calculations are made to assess the possibility of creating innovation activity centers in the Russian regions of various types aimed at increasing the specific weight of high-tech companies focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The authors developed their own methodology to evaluate the possibilities of forming various types of innovation activity centers in the Russian regions aimed at increasing the specific weight of the high-tech sector and creating domestic high- tech companies, and focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The article is addressed to innovation management experts.

Sustainable development of Russian regions

Sustainable development of administrative-territorial units (ATU) refers to the main directions of Russian Federation state policy to ensure the security of the national economy to meet the vital needs of people and the preservation of such a possibility for the future generations. The article describes and analyzes the factors that have the most significant impact on the level of ATE development. The dynamics of the gross output of agriculture in Russia and its critical evaluation are presents. It was revealed that the development of the region is the basis of the national economy security. At present, the concept of “sustainable development” in Russia is relevant and the role of regions in the sustainable development of the Russian Federation is constantly increasing. Stability of self-financing of the regional economy is achieved through conducting effective fiscal, financial, credit, tax and price policy, establishment of equal inter-budgetary relations with the federal center, the development of the securities market, increasing the volume of exports. Conducted research allowed: to identify the main factors influencing the sustainable development of Russia regions. The reasons for the backlog of economy of the Smolensk region of the nationwide growth rate and direction of their elimination are examined. Formation of the forecast of domestic agriculture development in the period up to 2020 should be based on the priority position of the industry in the agricultural sector, which is determined by its decisive role in meeting the population’s needs for basic food products. Prospective volumes of production of major agricultural products are based on the need to meet the challenges provided by the Russian Federation Government Decree.

The Question of Construction Cluster Efficiency in Russian Regions

This article is devoted to the questions of building complex clasterization in Russian regions. The correlation analysis between the existence of the formed building cluster in each region and the volume of construction works fulfilled during the period under review is being conducted on the basis of data about the development of Russian regions generalized by Federal state statistics service. The authors examine the volumes of construction works in leading regions from the position of clusterization features, describing and analyzing key efficiency problems of construction. The authors draw a conclusion that declared cluster creation is not always based on factual building complex clusterization. As result, current situation in Russian economy seems to be problematic: regions without legally formed clusters are, in fact, more clusterized then those with announced formation.