Developmental Psychology Research Articles

Gossiping for a Reason – Revised Gossip Functions Questionnaire (RGFQ)

Abstract: Introduction: According to one prominent theoretical model of gossip, we gossip for four key reasons: to keep track of our social networks, to strengthen bonds with others, to manage our reputation, and to entertain ourselves ( Foster, 2004 ). Foster (2004) has also provided the Gossip Functions Questionnaire (GFQ) reflecting these four theoretical functions. Yet, this model has not been empirically derived. Method and Results: Using a large nationally representative sample we show that this survey captures the two main functions of gossip: (1) Normative Function, and (2) Relationship Function. Finally, we modified the GFQ to capture the two main functions of gossip: the 11-item Revised GFQ. Current findings open many avenues of research for social, organizational, and developmental psychologists who are interested in how and when gossip comes about, and how it affects individuals, groups, and organizations.

BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Developmental psychology is the field of study that seeks to understand how people grow, change, and develop throughout their lives. This discipline helps to explore the processes of change across the lifespan by examining the development of individuals from physical, cognitive, emotional, and social perspectives. In this article, we will cover the field of developmental psychology and discuss lifelong changes and growth in detail.

The Importance of Childrens Living Environment in Building Childrens Character

Children's psychology and behavior development are closely related to their family environment during childhood. Parental companionship and the relationship between the parents are pretty crucial to the development of the children. Existing a good family environment and favorable family relationships will give children a more well-rounded, harmonious, upbeat personality. This essay will use a literature review by collecting information to explore the importance of the family environment to the character and behavioral development of left-behind children in China. The author will analyze the importance of the family environment and children's self-perception to provide a reference to improving the focus of China's children's education. To promote the early integrated development of the children and ensure the development of the family, the children can grow up at the same time. This essay will show the reason causes the childs bad personality and the feasible methods to resolve these problems.

Emotion Regulation, Relationship and Therapeutic Change in Analytical Psychology and Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches.

All contemporary psychotherapies agree that (failing) emotion regulation is central to psychological disorders and that psychotherapy is about improving emotion regulation. In his research on the "emotion-laden" complex Jung put an emphasis on the role of failing emotion regulation in contributing to psychological disorders as well as to change in the process of psychotherapy, but he left this field of research and took a very different direction in favour of his archetype concept. Psychodynamic approaches generally argue that changes in emotion regulation are accomplished through corrective emotional experiences in the therapeutic relationship. Insights from affective neurosciences and attachment research have had a major influence on how the therapeutic relationship is constructed in contemporary psychodynamic approaches. There is a lack of similar developments in analytical psychology, which leads to substantial differences between the models of Jungian psychotherapy in contrast to other contemporary psychodynamic approaches. The implications of these differences for the practice of psychotherapy and especially the role of the therapeutic relationship are pointed out.

Exploration of the Curriculum Reform Path in the Period of High-Quality Development of University Educational Psychology

The theoretical and applied characteristics of educational psychology courses in colleges and universities are prominent, and actively promoting curriculum reform is more conducive to promoting the implementation of talent training goals, which is in line with the practical needs of social development for high-quality talents. However, curriculum reform is a systematic project, which involves the innovation of curriculum content systems, teaching methods, teaching evaluations, and so on. This paper mainly expounds on the curriculum reform path in the period of high-quality development of educational psychology in colleges and universities, hoping to play a reference role in improving the level of education management.

Liposuction Through an Axillary Fold Incision Combined with a Small Areola Incision to Treat Gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia is a progressive disease characterized by enlarged breasts, affecting a significant proportion of men. Persistent gynecomastia negatively affects the psychological and emotional development of patients; therefore, surgical intervention is required. In this article, we describe a surgical technique, where liposuction through an axillary incision is used in combination with a single small periareolar incision, to obtain the most minimal scars in the treatment of gynecomastia. Between June 2021 and June 2023, 125 patients with different Simon grades of gynecomastia were enrolled. The patients' basic conditions and operation processes were recorded. Following surgery, a score was assigned according to the five main aesthetic aspects of the surgical procedure. In total, 125 patients with gynecomastia were treated with a pre-axillary fold incision combined with a small areolar incision. There were 17 cases of Simon grade I, 46 grade IIA, 42 grade IIB, and 20 grade III. The average operation time was 45.8min, the average liposuction volume was 250.5mL, the average glandular tissue volume was 50.5g, intraoperative blood loss ranged from 15 to 60mL, and the average hospital stay was 3.2days. Regarding the postoperative aesthetic effect, doctors scored > 4 points, and the patient satisfaction score was > 7.5, which fully affirmed the aesthetic effect of this method. Treatment of gynecomastia through an anterior axillary fold incision combined with a small areolar incision is safe and feasible, involving a simple procedure, short operation time, and few complications. Its efficacy and cosmetic effects could lead to its use as a primary surgical method to treat gynecomastia. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Literature Review: A Study on the Influence of Emotions on Intertemporal Decision-Making

In recent years, with the integration and development of psychology and decision science, the research on the influence of emotions on intertemporal decision-making has increasingly emerged, forming a new academic trend. However, the current research in this field is still preliminary, and most of them focus on the revelation of phenomena, while few literatures directly analyze the complex mechanism between emotions and intertemporal decision-making. Therefore, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological basis of intertemporal decision-making, and to guide people to use and control emotions more effectively in actual situations to achieve more satisfactory decision-making results, it is necessary to further explore the relationship between emotions and intertemporal decision-making. Such research can not only enrich the connotation of intertemporal decision-making theory, but also provide more scientific guidance for emotion management. This paper summarizes the previous research on the impact of emotion on intertemporal decision-making, and finds some current research areas and shortcomings, such as the lack of investigation of complex emotions, the lack of depth of research from the cognitive process itself, and the limitations of single-point results For example, to investigate the influence of dynamic emotions, daily emotions and complex emotions on intertemporal decision-making, and to make more attempts and explorations in emotional interventions.

The right to privacy and the deep self

Abstract This paper presents an account of the right to privacy that is inspired by classic control views on this right and recent developments in moral psychology. The core idea is that the right to privacy is the right that others not make personal information about us flow unless this flow is an expression of and does not conflict with our deep self. The nature of the deep self will be spelled out in terms of stable intrinsic desires. The paper argues that this view has advantages over alternative accounts of the right to privacy, that it is extensionally adequate in interesting test cases, that there is a good reason to think that the right to privacy, thus understood, can be justified, and that this view helps identify what kind of information is protected by the right to privacy.

Cultural continuity, identity, and resilience among Indigenous youth: Honoring the legacies of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde.

This essay is an introduction to the thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry in honor of the work of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde, developmental psychologists who made essential contributions to the study of identity and wellness among Indigenous youth in Canada and internationally. We outline their major contributions and illustrate the ways their innovative theory and methods have inspired decades of research, including the recent work presented in this issue, which addresses four broad themes: (1) the importance of a developmental perspective in mental health research; (2) the role of individual and collective continuity of identity in suicide prevention and mental health promotion; (3) Indigenous perspectives on trauma and resilience; and (4) Indigenous knowledge and values as a basis for culturally adapted and culturally grounded mental health services and interventions.

Tomorrow Never Comes: The Risks of Procrastination for Adolescent Health.

This study explores the relationship between procrastination and declining healthy habits among adolescents, a topic lacking systematic reviews in the existing literature. The primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for promoting mental health and preventing procrastination as risky behavior. This systematic review examined five areas related to procrastination and its influence on healthy lifestyle habits in adolescents: technology and procrastination; sleep and procrastination; academic procrastination; and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight that technology misuse is linked with procrastination; adolescents tend to procrastinate when going to sleep; academic procrastination negatively impacts long-term educational achievements, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this phenomenon. Ultimately, it is concluded that procrastination is related to all these aspects and has detrimental effects on adolescents' physical and psychological development.

How Students Make Sense of Mentorship Experiences During the Transition from High School to College: A Positioning Analysis

<i>Mentorship in higher education is widely acknowledged for its positive impact on students. Many institutions have implemented one-on-one guidance systems, such as faculty advising programs and faculty/peer mentorship initiatives. Yet, there remains a gap in understanding how students perceive mentoring, particularly during the transitional period before and early in their time in college. In light of the increasing focus on emerging adulthood within the field of developmental psychology, understanding students’ academic development during their transitioning years, particularly the role of mentorship becomes increasingly essential. This qualitative study employs positioning analysis to explore students’ evolving sense-making of mentoring relationships during two distinct phases: the final year of high school and the first year of college. This research conducts a comparative analysis to investigate how two students’ perceptions of mentorship change during their transition into college and differ from one another. The study aims to illuminate students’ sense-making of mentors and mentorship experiences throughout their high school and college transition and explores the unique ways students discuss mentorship as they transition. The findings unveil the contrasting experiences and evolving roles of mentors of each participant through the lens of their lived experiences, providing an insight into students’ individual developing conceptions of mentors and mentorship experience. This study offers a nuanced understanding of first-year college students’ sense-making activities as they navigate the complexities and academic demands of college. The insights gained from this study not only illuminate how qualitative methods provide yet-to-be-understood processes but also can further contribute to designing mentorship programs in higher education settings tailored to meet students’ needs from the moment they step onto campus. As the research landscape continues to evolve, qualitative studies like this contribute to the ever-advancing knowledge and practice of mentorship in higher education, supporting the diverse developmental needs of today’s college students.</i>

Evidence-based meets community-centred: A new approach to creating informal learning opportunities for children.

Informal learning spaces present ripe opportunities to supplement formal learning experiences. In this paper, we offer a new approach to creating enriching learning activities for public spaces that reflects evidence-based practices rooted in developmental psychology and uses community-centring practices from participatory research approaches. We first argue that extant theory and research supports the use of guided play pedagogy to foster learning. Second, we argue that effective translation of research to practice should incorporate community voices at every stage of the design, implementation and evaluation process. We describe a new initiative called Playful Learning Landscapes that reflects tenets of core developmental theory including constructivism and social learning theories as well as guided play pedagogy. Playful Learning Landscapes also extends the scope and scale of these evidence-backed theories by collaborating with communities to design activities for local community spaces. Taken together, we offer a way of upholding core developmental theory with equitable, culturally inclusive research and intervention practices. Transforming community spaces into hubs for children's learning promises wide-reaching implications for equitable access, school readiness and early childhood education.

Does expertise protect against overclaiming false knowledge?

Recognizing one’s ignorance is a fundamental skill. We ask whether superior background knowledge or expertise improves the ability to distinguish what one knows from what one does not know, i.e., whether expertise leads to superior meta-knowledge. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that the more a person knows about a topic, the less likely they are to “overclaim” knowledge of nonexistent terms in that topic. Moreover, such expertise protects against overclaiming especially when people are most prone to overclaim – when they view themselves subjectively as experts. We find support for these conclusions in an internal meta-analysis (17 studies), in comparisons of experts and novices in medicine and developmental psychology, and in an experiment manipulating expertise. Finally, we find that more knowledgeable people make knowledge judgments more automatically, which is related to less false familiarity and more accurate recognition. In contrast, their less knowledgeable peers are more likely to deliberate about their knowledge judgments, potentially thinking their way into false familiarity. Whereas feeling like an expert predisposes one to overclaim impossible knowledge, true expertise provides a modest protection against doing so.

Unraveling the Nexus: Emotional Abuse, Emotional Competence, Self-concept, and Academic Achievement Among Adolescents.

This research delves into the intricate relationship between emotional abuse, emotional competence, self-concept, and academic achievement among adolescents in Kashmir, with a specific focus on gender differences. Adolescence, marked by vulnerability, witnesses the profound impact of emotional abuse on cognitive, emotional, and psychological development. A comprehensive survey involving 300 high school students reveals significant gender disparities in emotional abuse experiences, emotional competence levels, self-concept, and academic achievement. Boys are shown to be more susceptible to emotional abuse, particularly in dimensions such as rejection, terrorizing, isolation, ignoring, and corruption. Conversely, girls exhibit higher emotional competence, self-concept, and academic achievement, emphasizing the role of societal and familial dynamics. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions recognizing gender-specific nuances, aiming to mitigate emotional abuse's adverse effects and foster a conducive environment for adolescents' emotional and academic well-being. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted challenges faced by adolescents in the context of emotional well-being and academic success.

Current Landscape of Child and Adolescent Psychology Internship Programs and Implications for Workforce Development.

Doctoral psychology internships play a key role in the development of the competencies of the clinical child and adolescent psychologist workforce needed to serve the increasing behavioral and mental health needs of children. This study surveyed 50 internship training directors regarding workforce needs, the structure of experiential internship components, and the organizational infrastructure and funding of internship programs that provide focused care to children and adolescents within medical settings. Findings suggest that internships most commonly occur within academic medical settings and include clinical child psychology, integrated care, pediatric psychology, neuropsychology, and developmental disabilities tracks. On average, sites had 6 interns, 3 tracks, and 4 major rotations per track. Training directors identified program funding to be the greatest barrier to sustaining internship programs. Currently, internships are funded through clinical revenue, grants, and organizational funds covering an average intern salary of $31,020 plus benefits as well as 0.3 FTE of a training director's time to administrate the program. The number of internship tracks within a single program was associated with greater administrative time for the training director. Implications for advocacy at the federal, state, profession, and institutional level to increase funding and decrease barriers to training are discussed.

The Work-life Balance Among Private Secondary School Teachers

The work-life balance emphasizes the relevance of behavioral and psychological development for public and commercial sector workers. It highlights how many workers lack the moral, emotional, and psychological stability for productive work and positive working relationships. It is advised that workers participate in work-life balance programs to help them manage their personal and professional lives. It is essential to comprehend the underlying causes of human attitudes and behaviors and the effects of managerial decisions and the organizational environment. Furthermore, the study used descriptive statistics with 50 faculty and staff through convenient sampling. The instruments also passed through validity and reliability testing. The study reveals that on the demographic profile, there were f=25, 50% of the employees were under probationary; also, it must have f=28, 56% under the tenure of 1-2 years in service to the organization; further, there were f=41; 82% with a salary of 10-20,000 Php, moreover, f=33 or 66% worked teacher. These figures revealed that most of them are establishing individuals. Furthermore, behavioral Management has an M=3.51; SD=.610 as interpreted as a very high work-life balance, while the emotional and psychological has an M=3.44; SD=.593 as interpreted as "very high work-life balance; while intellectual and survival have an M=3.56; SD=.501, as interpreted as "very high work-life balance; while vocational and spiritual with an M=3.48; SD=.583. Further reveals that the overall M=3.50; SD=.572 of work-life balance constitutes that faculty maintains personal and professional composure. Spillover theory proves that every professional has personal and professional boundaries that can influence their performance.

Postpartum Depression and Its Impact of the Mother Child Relationship

Introduction: Depression is one of the main complications of the postpartum period [1]. Yet it is often insufficiently prevented, diagnosed and treated. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its impact on the mother-baby relationship, and to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, over a three-month period from January 1 to March 31, 2022, of postpartum women using a hetero-questionnaire (socio-demographic data); Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Results: We enrolled 227 patients. The mean age of our patients was 28.8 ± 5.76 years.53.7% of our patients were primiparous, and 83.3% wanted their current pregnancy. 13.7% had given birth prematurely. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 21.1% and correlated with celibacy, low educational level, lack of desire for pregnancy and poor marital relationship. Post-partum depression is said to have an impact on family dynamics, mainly on the mother-baby relationship, and later on the child's psychological balance and development, as assessed by the PBQ. The PBQ came back disturbed in our study. Conclusion: Therapeutic, preventive and even curative measures should be proposed for postpartum women, from educational measures for women and their close circle, psychotherapeutic means to well timed and appropriate drug prescription before complications set in.

Sosialisasi Sadari Pada Remaja Putri di Desa Pulo Peding Kecamatan Babussalam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

Adolescence is a transition period from children to adults. Adolescence lasts from the age of 15-20 years. Developmental changes that occur during adolescence include physical, psychological and psychosocial development (Gainau, 2021). Adolescent girls experience secondary sexual signs in the form of widening of the hips, breast growth, hair growth around the genitals and armpits, as well as growth of the uterus and vagina (Sarwono, 2016). Breast self-examination or what is known as BSE, is a form of early detection prevention effort whose implementation procedure can be carried out by each individual woman more easily in order to find symptoms or signs related to breast cancer, for example; lump in the breast (Sari P, Sayuti S, Ridwan M, Rekiaddin LO, 2020). This community service activity takes the form of outreach about breast self-examination (BSE) to young women in Pulo Peding village, Babussalam District, Southeast Aceh Regency. This activity was attended by 30 participants with the aim of increasing teenagers' knowledge about BSE. The results of this activity were an increase in teenagers' knowledge before and after being given socialization, namely from an average knowledge score of 50 to 80. It is hoped that this activity can be useful for young women and doing BSE regularly to detect breast cancer early.

Iconic origins of language? An essay review of Steven Mithen’s The Language Puzzle (2024)

This essay review explores Steven Mithen’s interdisciplinary approach to the origins and evolution of language in The Language Puzzle (2024). It focuses mainly on what I call his iconic vocal origins hypothesis. Mithen challenges the prevalent gestural origins hypothesis, suggesting instead that early prehistoric languages were predominantly vocal and iconic, with conventionalization – as characteristic of symbol use – emerging later. The Language Puzzle draws on research from archaeology, philosophy, computer science, developmental psychology, and many other fields, thus assembling a wealth of insights from various disciplines. While intriguing, Mithen’s suggestion that prehistoric languages may have relied on iconicity instead of conventionalization faces substantial problems, which are discussed in this review essay. In the final section, I also briefly review the important conclusion chapter of Mithen’s book, which contains an imaginative outline of how language evolved from the last common ancestor up until modern H. sapiens. My criticisms of the iconic vocal origins hypothesis notwithstanding, The Language Puzzle is a valuable resource for anyone interested in language evolution, and once again showcases Mithen’s wide-ranging expertise and masterful writing.

Integrating music, drama and visual arts in extracurricular programs: enhancing psychological development in early school-aged children

The "Creative Bridges" study examines the integration of music, drama, and visual arts into extracurricular programs, focusing on its impact on the psychological development of early school-aged children. It addresses the need for holistic educational approaches that cater to cognitive, emotional, and social growth. This mixed-methods research utilized psychodiagnostic tools such as Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Academic Performance Rating Scale (APRS), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), and the Peer Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) to assess a cohort of 64 children aged 11-12, divided into experimental and control groups. The study spanned six months, featuring pre-program, mid-program, post-program, and follow-up assessments. The program demonstrated significant improvements in non-verbal abstract reasoning, academic performance in math and reading, and emotional well-being. It also indicated nuanced effects on social skills and peer relationships, with initial disruptions giving way to eventual enhancements in social interactions. The findings illuminate the cognitive, emotional, and social benefits of arts integration, underscoring the potential of such programs to enrich educational curricula. The discussion delves into the implications of these results for educational practices and policies, advocating for the inclusion of the arts as central to curriculum design. The "Creative Bridges" program highlights the indispensable role of music, drama, and visual arts integration in fostering comprehensive psychological development among children. The study advocates for a broader implementation of arts integration in education, emphasizing its capacity to enhance cognitive abilities, emotional resilience, and social competencies.