The morphometric characteristics of the neurons of several zones of the prefrontal cortex were studied in monthly rats under experimental acceleration. In rats of the experimental group in the cortex of the studied zones, both in the inner and outer layers, there is an increase in the size of the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons. The size of the nucleoli was increased in the neurons of the outer (P<0,05) and inner layers of the motor (P>0,05), outer layers of the somatosensory (P<0,05) and inner layers of the cingulate cortex (P>0,05). This is regarded as an indicator of the pace of development of these cortical neurons in comparison with the neurons of the cortex of control animals. The concentration of nucleic acids in the studied neurons in rats under experimental acceleration was significantly lower than in the control, in the nuclei of neurons in the outer layer of the motor and inner layer of the cingulate cortex; in the nucleoli of neurons of the outer and inner layers of the cortex.