Development Of Coastal Areas Research Articles

A new strategy for optimizing marine protection networks by considering functional connectivity: An example of Tachypleus tridentatus

The concept of creating a conservation network through the establishment of multiple protected areas to protect marine fauna is gaining momentum. To effectively establish a network that yields favorable outcomes, it is imperative to identify suitable areas that foster optimal connectivity. Given the swift development of coastal areas, it has become necessary to develop cost-effective measures that yield maximum conservation benefits. However, exploration of these ideas for application to marine conservation networks remains scarce. In this study, we used the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) in the Beibu Gulf as an example. The species and environmental data were collected through field sampling and remote sensing. The species distribution model, the least-cost path model, and circuit theory were employed to establish a marine conservation network. The functional connectivity metrics were employed to optimize both the interconnection and economic efficiency of the network. The results indicated a low presence of adult horseshoe crabs in the Beibu Gulf, with average densities of 1.47 and 1.43 ind./km2 among the 38 surveyed stations in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The species distribution model accurately predicted juvenile presence in mudflats and adult presence offshore, and it identified 43 potential areas that are suitable for the establishment of marine protected areas. The marine protected areas that ranked higher in importance contributed significantly to maintaining the integrity of regional connectivity. The network connectivity shows a law of diminishing returns as the number of marine protected areas increases. The framework developed in this study will provide decision support for building and optimizing marine conservation networks.

Delineating expert mangrove stakeholder perceptions and attitudes towards mangrove management in Sri Lanka using Q methodology

Effective decision-making is key to the successful conservation and management of natural resources. Mangrove ecosystems all over the world provide an array of ecosystem goods and services and are managed by a wide range of stakeholders representing various sectors. The position of mangroves in the land-sea interface and the rapid development of coastal areas in the Global South make mangrove conservation and management more challenging than the management of other coastal ecosystems. Sri Lankan mangroves are degrading due to numerous natural and anthropogenic causes in recent years. Mangrove degradation in Sri Lanka is further exacerbated by the economic crisis following the COVID-19 pandemic. The coastal communities near mangroves in Sri Lanka heavily depend on mangrove goods and services (more than before, due to a lack of livelihood alternatives), despite formal “no entry” rules by the government. This study’s objectives are to delineate the viewpoints of mangrove management experts to understand current mangrove management in Sri Lanka and to provide baseline data for effective decision-making. We used Q methodology, during which 71 mangrove experts representing 21 stakeholder groups were asked to individually rank statements regarding mangrove management. These rankings were subsequently clustered using Principal Component Analysis, allowing the identification of clusters of opinions regarding mangrove management. Stakeholder’s perceptions were clustered into three discourses: community-oriented management, government-oriented management, and management in synergy between government and communities for effective mangrove conservation. Our findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of mangrove management in Sri Lanka, revealing diverse perspectives among stakeholders. Our results further highlight the need for a collaborative approach to the co-management of mangroves in Sri Lanka. We recommend that mangroves be co-managed by the government and local communities ensuring environmental sustainability in Sri Lanka and beyond.

Multi-dimensional landscape ecological risk assessment and its drivers in coastal areas

The eastern coastal areas of Japan are threatened by multiple ecological risks due to frequent natural disasters, climate changes, human activities, etc. Identification spatio-temporal variations and driving mechanisms of landscape ecological risk could be used as significant basis for policymakers. In this study, taking the eastern coastal areas of Japan affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster as the study area, the “Nature-Landscape Pattern-Human Society” (NA-LP-HS) multi-dimensional ecological risk assessment framework was established to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns, and identity driving factors using spatial cluster analysis and spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) based on ArcGIS from 2009 to 2021. The findings revealed the distinct geographic patterns in landscape ecological risk, with a noticeable decline from the southwest to the northeast. During the period from 2009 to 2015, the driving factors leading to a sharp risk increase were natural disasters and vegetation coverage. These high-risk areas were concentrated in Sendai Bay and its surroundings. From 2015 to 2021, ecological instability was primarily attributed to a reduction in vegetation coverage, the occurrence of natural disasters, and heightened rainfall erosion. These high-risk areas were mainly clustered within the Tokyo-centered urban agglomeration. Spatial clustering of ecological risks was obvious across all time periods. The key factors contributing to the clustering of high ecological landscape risks focused on the “landscape pattern” criterion, specifically including vegetation coverage, land use land cover. This study demonstrated the ability of multi-dimensional ecological risk assessment to identify high-risk areas and driving factors, and these results could provide a visual analysis and decision-making basis for sustainable development of coastal areas.

Combining Landsat, VIIRS Night-time Light, and Sentinel-1 SAR for Spatial Flood Risk Assessment in Coastal Area: an Earth Engine Cloud Computing Process

The intensity of development in coastal areas stimulates various potential issues such as flood disasters. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of latest methods and geospatial data as inputs for coastal spatial planning policies in efforts to reduce flood disaster risks. Leveraging spatial analysis with cloud computing through Google Earth Engine (GEE), this research assesses flood risk components—hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The method involves processing SAR Sentinel-1 data to map flood inundation as a representation of hazards, analyzing Landsat and WorldPop data to evaluate vulnerability, and assessing capacity by utilizing VIIRS nighttime light level imagery to determine economic activities. The chosen research study location is the coastal area of Pekalongan due to frequent flood disasters throughout the year. The results demonstrate that cloud computing is capable of assessing flood risks. The flood inundation model using SAR data covers an area of 2,780 hectares with an accuracy of 96.75%. The analysis also reveals the highest vulnerability level, reaching 15.7% (946.32 hectares) of the total area. The capacity analysis indicates a medium to high level of 15% (913.6 hectares). The assessment of flood risks in the coastal area is dominated by the medium to very high-risk class, covering 43% (2,631.84 hectares) of the area. In conclusion, integrating cloud-based flood risk modeling into spatial planning is crucial, considering disaster resilience for sustainable human habitats.

Kajian Pengembangan Pesisir Kota Surabaya dengan Metode SWOT

Surabaya is a coastal area projected to be a strategic area for the sustainable development of coastal areas according to the medium-term development plan for Surabaya 2016-2021. The strategic area of the coastal area functions as a supporter of economic growth and saving the environment to optimize the development of the coastal area, so a study is needed to determine the development of the area. This study was conducted to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the coastal area of Surabaya. The researcher took a qualitative approach to the analysis and was the necessary case study. Analysis of this activity using the SWOT method. The SWOT analysis results from a comparison of internal and external factors; the analysis is carried out using the IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) matrix and the EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) matrix. Based on the SWOT analysis, it can be shown that the management of the Surabaya City coastal area is by the spatial plans that have been made. However, in reality, it must pay attention to communication and socialization with the community, which is considered not optimal, as well as periodic impact management and environmental maintenance to minimize coastal threats.

A stakeholder analysis for sustainable development of Maritime Village in Semarang coastal community, Indonesia

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of stakeholders and their interconnected relationships based on power and interests in realising sustainable development in coastal areas using the Maritime Village program in Tambaklorok, Semarang City, Indonesia as a case study.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with stakeholders, observations, as well as online news, and official government reports, followed by taxonomic analysis.FindingsThe results showed the four categories of stakeholders, namely players, context setters, subjects, and crowd. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR), Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Semarang City, Spatial Planning Agency (DISTARU) of Semarang City, and the Fisheries Office of Semarang City were found to be key players with a role in the success of the program. PT Pelindo (Indonesia Port Corporations) was identified as a context setter with low interests but high power, acting as an accelerator in the development program.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lied in its examination of the power and interests of stakeholders involved in government projects. It was recommended to strengthen coordination among the stakeholders to ensure the success of the program.

Analysis of the Realization of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget in Increasing the Development of Coastal Areas in the Kulon Progo Regency Area

Kulon Progo Regency has the potential to improve coastal areas, but because of the impact of evictions on airport construction it has an impact on the lives of pond farmers. The shift in land use causes a shift in people's lives and economic activities. This requires government support in implementing decentralization to improve the quality of coastal area communities and development that can benefit the community and increase regional income. Research Method The type of research used in the research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is: regional financial planning and implementation, responsibility for responsibility and financial reports, asset management in planning, implementation and supervision of regional assets. Problems become obstacles in financial management and supporting factors. The government provides input to encourage people to take advantage of business opportunities in coastal areas. Government support is very necessary to support social and economic disparities. It is hoped that APBD assistance will be able to help, carry out programs that have been determined by the Forestry and Maritime Service government. The APBD distributed must remain targeted to develop sustainably so that the community can support the economy to meet their daily needs

Analisis Dampak Reklamasi Pantai Manado dari Sudut Pandang Hak Asasi Manusia

The development of coastal areas using reclamation is an activity that is quite active in the city of Manado. Many coastal communities do not agree with reclamation because this activity is considered to only bring problems for them. loss of sea area as a place of livelihood is the core problem of reclamation, as a result, this has an impact on the economic decline of coastal communities. The purpose of this study regarding Manado Beach reclamation is to examine it from a human rights perspective. This research method is normative-empirical. Based on the results of Manado reclamation research, it has violated the human rights inherent in fishermen, this violates the Republic of Indonesia Law Article 28, Law 39/1999 Article 1 (1), Law No 1/2014 in conjunction with Law No 27/2007 Article 1 (31), Law No 27/2007 Article 23 (5), Article 34 (2), Article 63 (1), Permen No 25/PERMEN-KP/2019 Article 16 (1) and Manado City Regional Regulation No 1/2017 Article 23(2). As a result of this behavior, the perpetrators can be tried with sanctions written in the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 25/PERMEN-KP/2019 Article 17 (1), (2), (3) in general, the holder of a reclamation permit is obliged to provide compensation to people who affected by reclamation activities.

Smart Island Lemukutan Through WebGIS Based Benthic Habitat Data Collection

Benthic habitats provide a variety of functions, both ecological and economic, for life in coastal areas and small islands. Smart islands or smart islands are currently being implemented in a number of small island developing countries with one of the challenges being technology based. One technology that can be used in management, including monitoring and supervision of resources, is the Geographic Information System (GIS). The synergy of GIS data and the help of the latest multimedia software technology is necessary to help display an interactive and easily accessible, in this case, webGIS technology. This research was carried out on Lemukutan Island which consists of 6 research stations, each of which has a distribution of coral reef location points based on coordinates. Based on the results of the analysis of the percentage of benthic habitats in the study locations ranging from bad to good categories. Furthermore, the data from field observations and analysis results are displayed on the Lemukan Island smart island website and can be accessed at https://webgissmartisland.com. Regular monitoring of coral reefs is very important and needs to be done to help input data for Smart Island Lemukutan so that it becomes a catalyst in realizing a smart island ecosystem in West Kalimantan Province by providing benthic habitat maps via webgis services and actualizing technological development in coastal areas and small islands. smart island based through the smart destination concept by integrating benthic habitat information via WebGIS services.

Preface

International conference on Sustainable Coastal Management SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT SRCM 2022 (https://www.its.ac.id/mkpi/the-3rd-srcm-its/) INTRODUCTION This conference takes the general theme of Sustainability and Resilience of Coastal Management considering that Indonesia is an archipelago country, and most of the human settlement and activity are located in the coastal areas, also supporting the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals 12 and 14. In the past few decades, there has been a lot of deterioration in environmental quality in the coastal area due to human activities, such as marine pollution due to marine litter and wastewater discharge, eutrophication in the water body, especially rivers, which eventually pollute the ocean. Marine biodiversity is critical to our planet and human health. The coastal area becomes more vulnerable because of climate change. Ecosystem damage also occurs around coastal areas. Communities living in coastal areas face greater risk, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly impacts livelihoods.More efforts are needed to develop solutions to protect coastal areas. Research regarding the environment and development, green marine technology, resilience for climate change including adaptation and mitigation, are socially and economically important to manage this vulnerable area. It is also essential to integrate policies and management to support infrastructure and human development in coastal areas. OBJECTIVE The international conference is a forum for disseminating the latest research and innovation of selected topics from researchers, practitioners, and academics. At the same time, this conference also offers an opportunity for experts in related fields to network. Through this event, various institutions can promote educational, research, and development activities they accomplished. CONFERENCE DATE AND PLATFORM This international conference took place on November 29, 2022. It was conducted fully online using Zoom Webinar. The link to join the webinar was sent to the registrant two weeks prior to the event via email. In order to maintain mutual safety due to the uncertain condition of Covid-19, SRCM 2022 will be held by Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, in virtual/online format.List of Scientific Committee is available in this pdf.

Carbon stock assessment of mangrove forests along Macajalar Bay, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

Mangrove ecosystems are widely recognized for their crucial role in mitigating climate change through carbon storage and sequestration services. These ecosystems possess significant carbon reservoirs, particularly in their soils. Nevertheless, the unremitting development of coastal areas and alterations in land use constitute impending threats to these ecosystems, endangering the continuity of their invaluable services. Recognizing the crucial role of mangrove ecosystems in mitigating climate change, this study meticulously evaluates the cumulative carbon stocks encompassing the aboveground and soil components within three mangrove-protected areas in the Macajalar Bay region of Misamis Oriental. The study adheres to a logical structure with causal connections between statements, presents information in clear and concise sentences, and follows conventional academic writing formatting. Vocabulary is precise and avoids biased or emotional language. The text adheres to grammatical correctness, consistently uses technical terms, and employs a formal register. The study is free from filler words and employs a passive tone and impersonal construction. Additionally, the text features a consistent footnote style and accurately cites sources. The research findings show that soil carbon makes up a significant portion, ranging from 40% to 90%, of the total carbon stocks in the three study areas. This emphasizes the crucial function of mangrove soils as carbon repositories. Furthermore, the study establishes a direct connection between the age of mangrove stands and the occurrence of large-girth trees, both of which add to the rise in carbon stocks. Despite their substantial carbon storage capacity, mangrove forests in the Macajalar Bay region are still facing encroachments due to urbanization pressures. This assessment of carbon stocks in these coastal ecosystems plays a critical role in developing localized strategies that align with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC) REDD+ initiatives, thus preventing further degradation of these vital carbon sinks.

Looking at the Local Participation of Coastal Communities in South Java, Indonesia

This study aims to describe the issues and problems of community participation related to the empowerment program entitled PKPT (Development of Strong Coastal Area) in the coastal areas. This study also discusses the importance of creating a participatory development model. This study is essential because PKPT implementation is specific, combining the top-down participation mechanism from the central government with the bottom-up mechanism, namely the northern coastal communities in South Java. The combination of the two mechanisms illustrates the complexity of issues and problems that are not simple because they involve the interests of the central government and the interests of ordinary citizens in coastal areas. Moreover, the focus of this study has yet to be widely studied by previous studies. This study uses a qualitative method applying an action research approach. The informants of the research are organizers of the coastal community, heads of village and village officials, and personnel of the Marine and Fisheries Service of Kebumen Regency in South Java. The result shows that implementing the PKPT program in coastal areas of Java, especially in Kebumen, uses both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms resulting in low participation of the community in the implementation of PKPT substantively. Thus, implicating the lack of sustainability in the empowerment program. This study presents a participatory development model that is expected to be a reference in organizing a sustainable empowerment program for the coastal areas in the future.

A first approach of beach sanding on the Black Sea Romanian’s coast

The Romanian coastline, which is subject to complex processes of geomorphological evolution due to beach sanding actions, as well as other natural and anthropogenic factors. Beach sanding is an important action in the maintenance and development of coastal areas, it provides protection against erosion, contributes to the formation and maintenance of beaches, as well as to the preservation of coastal ecosystems The main source of sand for Romanian beaches is coastal transport, i.e. the movement of sand along the coast under the action of values, current and wind. Naturally, there is some redistribution of sand along the coast, with an area where it accumulates and an area where it is lost. However, human intervention and other influences can disrupt this natural balance. In order to counteract the negative impact of insufficient sanding, various coastal management measures have been implemented in Romania. These include the artificial replenishment of beaches by bringing in additional sand from the seabed or other sources, as well as the construction of beach protection and stabilization works.

MONITORING COASTAL AREAS USING NDWI FROM LANDSAT IMAGE DATA FROM 1985 BASED ON CLOUD COMPUTATION GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND APPS

Abstract. The coastal area is an area that has a dense population with a lot of human activities that occur there. Due to environmental changes and human activities, changes often occur in coastal areas ranging from erosion and sedimentation. Changes must continuously be monitored to plan countermeasures due to the occurring phenomena. This study aims to create a website-based application to monitor coastal areas. This study will use Landsat data 5,7,8, and 9 to see changes in coastal areas. The analysis can be provided from 1985 until recent data by integrating four Landsat satellites. The NDWI index (Normalized Difference Wetness Index) analyzes changes occurring in coastal areas and differentiates between water and land area. The analysis is not only in the form of changes that occur in coastal areas but also in time series analysis, and trends that occur at a point can be analyzed using land trend analysis. The resulting website based on Cloud Computation in Google Earth Engine can be seen at the link https://bit.ly/MonitoringPesisir. This website can automatically update, and users can choose the location to monitor. This research is expected to be used by policymakers to monitor and plan the development and regulation of coastal areas.

Maritime Museums Online Presence: Actual Value and Challenges

In the macro-area of contemporary tourism, the coastal one can count on a multiplicity of resources, not only natural, human and physical, but also cultural. Maritime museums have recently been recognized as an important lever for the sustainable development of coastal areas.

Kajian Karakteristik Gelombang Laut di Wilayah Pantai Pulau Merah, Kabupaten Banyuwangi


 
 
 
 Sea wave parameter information is used in maritime-related activities such as sea transportation, offshore exploration, fisheries, port construction, shipping safety, coastal area development, and coastal mitigation. This study described the characteristics of the sea waves in Pulau Merah Beach, Banyuwangi Regency. Wind reanalysis data of 10 meters was processed using the Sverdrup Munk Bretschneider (SMB) method using the Easywave algorithm. The analyzed and processed the sea wave model's assimilation data from Marine Copernicus pointwise by WRPLOT. The results of wind and ocean wave data processing showed that the direction, height, and period of sea waves on Pulau Merah Beach are strongly influenced by the Monsoon Wind. The sea wave height in the Pulau Merah Beach region reaches its peak value during the East season, which is 1.5 meters. In contrast, the value of the period of sea waves in the Pulau Merah Beach area reached its peak value during the Transitional Season I period, which was 8.3 seconds.
 
 
 

How does ocean policy affect the economic development of coastal areas?

How does ocean policy affect the economic development of coastal areas?

Construction of ecological security pattern in coastal urban areas: A case study in Qingdao, China

The accelerated urbanization process has led to the deterioration of the originally fragile coastal ecosystem, whose slight changes in ecological environment may destroy the original coastal urban ecosystem. The construction of the ecological security pattern can effectively balance the development of coastal urban areas and the protection of ecological environment. This study proposes a new framework for constructing ESP in coastal urban areas: surfaces (ecological sources) - lines (ecological networks) - points (pinch points, barrier points). The ecological sources were identified by morphospatial pattern analysis and landscape connectivity. Then, the ecological network and ESP were constructed by the circuit theory. Take Qingdao, a typical coastal urban area with a very fragile ecological environment, as the subject of the study. The results indicate that: (1) the landscape connectivity of ecological source sites identified in 2017 and 2021 has decreased significantly; (2) the total length of extracted ecological corridors has decreased dramatically; (3) the ESP of Qingdao was constructed from the perspective of surfaces - lines - points. The results of this paper can provide scientific planning guidance for the conservation and protection of ecological security in Qingdao. The research framework proposed in this paper provides some reference for the conservation of the ecological environment in coastal urban areas.

Preface

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, I would like to extend our warmest regards to all participants of the 7th International Conference on Tropical and Coastal Region Eco-Development (ICTCRED) 2022. This annual conference was held on 22 September 2022, organized by the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.We brought an essential global topic the Sustainable Development in Coastal Area . The conference aims to provide a forum to exchange ideas and their current achievements for researchers, academicians, professionals, and industries to expose and exchange innovative ideas, methods, and experiences in the areas related to tropical life sciences and coastal development.We have accepted 94 abstracts for oral and poster presentations coming from different universities and research centers from Indonesia, Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Bangladesh, which were consisted of 21 big interests. Besides, we have cordially invited ten highly respected researchers as keynote speakers with different fields to share their knowledge and expertise. We are grateful for each one of them for setting aside their valuable time to participate in this conference.The committee extent very kind thank all participants for the success of the conference. They were Rector of Universitas Diponegoro, Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, the keynote speakers. We also would like to acknowledge the Institute of Physics (IOP) for the collaboration in publishing the conference proceedings, our sponsors the Universitas Diponegoro, WCU Undip, LPPM Undip, COREM Undip, and ICZM Center Undip.Finally, we proudly present 40 accepted papers (93%) in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. We do hope that the 7th ICTCRED 2022 event brings a fruitful knowledge and be a memorable event not only from the scientific perspective but also in the joy of meeting with other scientists for mutual collaboration.List of Editor in Chief, Scientific Committee/Editor, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Integrated Zoning and Spatial Heterogeneity of Coastal Watershed-Nearshore Waters

Integrated land-sea development and protection are important for the sustainable development of coastal areas. To promote the transition from separate land-sea management to integrated land-sea governance, the scientific delineation of the integrated spatial zoning units of coastal watershed-nearshore waters is an important tool for integrated land-sea management. From the perspective of physical geography, this study uses digital hydrological analysis based on DEM data to determine the coastal basin range and generate multilevel watersheds and river networks using different thresholds, and establishes spatial correspondence among physical geospatial spaces, such as watershed zones, coastlines, and nearshore waters, after considering the boundaries of major estuaries and bays. On this basis, the coastal zone is divided into several integrated spatial zoning units of coastal watershed-nearshore waters, and a physical geography-based integrated spatial zoning method is developed to form a physical geography-based land-sea integrated spatial zoning scheme. This study conducted spatial heterogeneity research of the integrated spatial zoning units, from the perspectives of topography analysis, land use analysis, socioeconomic analysis of the watershed, sea use analysis, seawater quality analysis of the nearshore waters, and load pressure analysis of the watershed-nearshore waters. The elemental differences of zoning units are studied in detail, which can provide a data reference for establishing the relationship between watersheds and nearshore waters. Applying this research method to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, where the land-sea linkage pattern is forming, can provide a spatial reference and scientific basis for land-sea integrated management for ecological protection and sustainable resource utilization in the coastal zone.