Development Goals Research Articles

Efficient DC–DC power converters for fuel‐cell electric vehicle: A qualitative assessment

AbstractThe general shift in vehicle propulsion systems from internal combustion engine (ICE) power‐train towards electric power‐train has led to the development of energy‐efficient and compact electric drivetrain for next‐generation automobiles such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). As opposed to ICE, fuel cell vehicles operate with higher powertrain efficiency and are combustion‐less since the only byproduct is water. In light of developmental and environmental goals, fuel cell technology is consequently seen as the evolutionary step in vehicle technology. The electric drivetrain for FCEV consists of power converters, motors, and associated control systems. Direct connection of the fuel cell stack to the DC bus and other system components is inefficient. As a result, it becomes essential to regulate the high‐voltage DC bus connecting the fuel cell stack to other system elements like the motor and energy storage devices. Therefore, DC–DC converters are designed for main power unit to provide the desired and regulated voltage to the DC bus making the system efficient and reliable. High‐voltage step‐up DC–DC converters have undergone extensive research in recent years, which has increased their functionality, performance, and efficiency for FCEV. A survey of these converters, and evaluation of their performance and index parameters, could be very helpful in designing efficient converters and for the development of vehicular electric power‐train. This paper reviews the literature on electric drive‐train, fuel cell systems, and different DC–DC converter topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the existing topologies, their applications, and comparative aspects, as well as works that haven't been covered in earlier reviews.

Linking the Right to Electricity as a Contractual, Derivative and Human Right through the Undisclosed Principal Agency Law

The South African Constitution in its Bill of Rights does not explicitly detail a human right to electricity, as with other socio-economic rights. This, however, does not change the fact that electricity is a sought-after commodity that is essential to the everyday life of people in the modern era and essential to the development of a nation's economy. The only instruments that detail electricity as a right are international instruments such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals, that emphasise electricity as a right that states must fulfil towards their citizens. This discussion hypothesises that the company law agency model of the undisclosed principal can be used to better explain the relationship between Eskom, municipalities or private municipal service providers and citizens. It discusses a three-way legal relationship among these stakeholders when providing electricity. Due to the three-way legal relationship, three forms of rights exist: contractual, derivative and human rights. By using undisclosed principal agency law, this discussion will explain how the legal relationship between the state, municipalities and citizens, and the resultant duties herein, create contractual, constitutional and human rights duties for the state to adhere to for the ultimate benefit of citizens.

Bridging the Gap in Sleep Medicine to Achieve Sustainable Developmental Goal (SDG) 3: Elevating Health Status Through Multipronged Approach with Multidisciplinary Team

Bridging the Gap in Sleep Medicine to Achieve Sustainable Developmental Goal (SDG) 3: Elevating Health Status Through Multipronged Approach with Multidisciplinary Team

Carbon Trading in Developing Economies: Challenges, Opportunities, and Best Practices

Globally, carbon trading, a market-driven approach to cut greenhouse gas emissions, has become increasingly popular. Developing economies are increasingly looking at carbon trading as a strategy to balance economic progress with environmental sustainability, even though wealthier nations have historically been the main players in carbon markets. This assessment looks at the main obstacles, chances, and recommended procedures related to carbon trading in developing nations. The obstacles encompass feeble regulatory structures, insufficient knowledge, unstable markets, and giving precedence to commercial expansion above ecological issues. On the other hand, carbon trading offers chances for technological transfer, international financial access, climate risk mitigation, and sustainable development. These regions' best practices for carbon markets place a premium on robust regulatory frameworks, capacity building, equitable pricing systems, and public-private partnerships. By addressing the challenges and embracing these best practices, developing economies can leverage carbon trading to meet their development goals while contributing to global climate action.

A preliminary investigation into the relationship between municipal debt and the financial viability of waterboards in South Africa

ABSTRACT The provision of water and sanitation services in South Africa is complex due to historical apartheid spatial planning whose remnants are still evident in the democratic country. The rural areas which are mostly occupied by black Africans still, on average, have water services backlog compared to urban areas. At a national level for South Africa to achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goal 6, the country must decisively deal with the backlog and a staggering more than R14 billion debt that the municipalities owe to the waterboards. The current study used the Municipal Strategic Self-Assessment and financial health (FH) check-up tools to determine if there is a causal relationship between the vulnerability of municipalities and the financial viability of waterboards. A linear regression was computed using the SPSS statistical programme to assess the relationship between the FH of the waterboards and the vulnerability index (VI) of the municipalities. It was found that a high VI was more prevalent in the rural municipalities than in the urban municipalities, pointing to a need to develop a differentiated financial framework for these rural municipalities. The study recommended that municipalities should implement remedial actions waterboards should perform FH check-ups, and there must be consequence management.

Decoding nationalistic biases in the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam research

ABSTRACT The Nile Basin, supporting 40% of Africa's population, faces a critical challenge in aligning developmental goals with water security needs. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) illustrates this dilemma: it promises substantial energy benefits for Ethiopia but raises downstream water scarcity concerns, particularly in Egypt. This study examines GERD-related research to understand how academic perspectives may influence regional tensions or foster collaboration. Through systematic analysis of 79 articles published between 2011 and 2023, we utilized quantitative sentiment analysis to explore potential biases linked to researcher nationality, methodology, and co-authorship diversity. Findings reveal a statistically significant nationalistic bias, with Egyptian and Ethiopian researchers showing negative and positive sentiments, respectively, suggesting research can inadvertently shape polarized public and political stances on GERD. Importantly, studies with diverse co-authorship displayed reduced bias, underscoring the value of multi-national collaboration in mitigating partiality. Contrary to expectations, qualitative methods did not necessarily correlate with extreme positions, while quantitative methods appeared vulnerable to unintended bias. These insights highlight the need for critically assessing academic objectivity in transboundary resource issues, advocating for interdisciplinary and collaborative research to build mutual trust, which could potentially inform and improve regional diplomatic efforts.

The Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients at Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia (A Five-Year Retrospective Study)

Ethiopia is among the countries most heavily affected by tuberculosis, where it is the leading cause of morbidity, the third cause of hospital admission and the second cause of death. To improve tuberculosis management and control, the early detection of cases, effective treatment and the persistent evaluation of treatment outcomes are vital issues that should be taken into consideration. This study was designed to determine the treatment outcomes and associated risk factors among TB patients registered at Adare General Hospital in Southern Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the files of the TB patients registered from September 2013 to August 2017. The data were coded, cleaned, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) along with a 95% confidence interval was computed and interpreted. A p-value < 0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Among the 1122 cases, 620 (55.3%) were male, 748 (66.7%) were from urban areas, 319 (28.4%) were smear positive, 352 (31.4%) were smear negative and 451 (40.2%) were extra-pulmonary patients. Among the treated patients, 284 were declared cured, 753 completed their treatment, 29 were defaulters, 3 failed to follow up, and 53 died. The overall treatment success rate was 92.4%. The TB patients from urban areas (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.67), and the HIV-negative TB patients (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI; 3.474, 8.64) were significantly associated with successful treatment outcomes. The treatment success rates of tuberculosis at Adare General Hospital were comparable to the national health facility-level coverage, but they should be maintained and strengthened further to attain tuberculosis-related national and millennium goals.

Case Report: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation—A Rare Cystic Lung Malformation

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a rare congenital malformation of the lower respiratory tract with a worldwide incidence of 1: 11,000 to 1: 33,000 live births. CPAM cases are increasingly being diagnosed antenatally with antenatal anomaly scans having been made compulsory with the availability of improved imaging technologies. Here, we present a case of CPAM in a 14-month-old child who was diagnosed with congenital anomaly during the antenatal scan and was managed with lobectomy to prevent further progression of the disease and preserve the function of normal residual lung parenchyma. Histopathological examination of the lobectomy specimen revealed CPAM type II. During clinical follow-up, the child is asymptomatic and is achieving his developmental goals as per his age.

BASIC EDUCATION: THE MOST CHALLENGING OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) IN NIGERIA

Basic or primary education is the foundation upon which all other levels of western education are built. It is considered basic as it is the first level of education a child receives before proceeding to the next level of education. In Nigeria, this type of education has been made a nine-year free and compulsory for all the school going age children with six years of primary and three years of junior secondary schools. Coincidently, it is the second goal of the Millennium Development Goals for development adopted by the United Nations in the year 2000. This paper examines the importance of basic education in achieving the Millennium Goals for development in Nigeria. The country has a robust and well-articulated policy on education but the major issue has been implementing the policy for desired progress in the education system. Problems such as indiscipline, inadequate access to schools, poor funding have been found to be affecting the provision of qualitative and accessible education in Nigeria. This is in addition to other internal and external challenges faced by the Ministries, Departments and Agencies responsible for the provision and monitoring of the system. The paper therefore recommends collective efforts by all stake holders in ensuring provision of quality education for all citizens through appropriate funding and effective supervision for achieved millennium goals for overall Nigeria’s development.

Historicizing the Geopolitics of Education and the SDGs: From Western Hegemony to a Multi-polar World?

This paper seeks to take a critical and historical look at the rise and fall of the SDGs, with a particular focus on education. At the core of the argument is that the SDGs (2015–2030), their predecessor the Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015), and the Education for All movement (1990 onwards) were the product of a post-Cold War, neoliberal, development agenda whose framing and logic were constructed in a moment of unipolar, US-led, Western hegemony, which today is collapsing around us. Geopolitics and global power are changing in important ways and we need to recognize this, and think through ways to ensure that we can support this in the interests of the marginalized global majority, in education and beyond. “Pax- Americana” needs to be replaced with a “Pax-Pluralis” that can underpin new global models of security, development, and growth that can better address the massive global challenges that we face.

Design Principles for a Higher Education Course Focusing on Lifelong Learning

Lifelong learning for solving work assignments is essential for societal and personal development. Higher education is one natural part of lifelong learning and, therefore, needs to be re-focused from solely younger students to include professionals and their development goals. One problem related to giving a course for professionals is their struggle between work assignments and the course. Focusing on the added perspective of professionals for higher education, this study presents five design principles for courses for professionals. Design principles are guidelines based on experience and iterative development in higher education. The empirical data comes from a course in digitalisation and digital transformation, which was given thrice. The course participants were professionals from private and public organisations in Sweden. The empirical data originates from the professionals who made a check-in, mid-term evaluation, and evaluation after the course, resulting in 75 entries. Two researchers analysed the first two course entries inductively, forming the foundation for the first round of design principles. The course design for the third round was then revised according to its weaknesses. Based on the strengths and weaknesses found in empirical material from all three courses, the current design principles are professional pathways referring to new knowledge directly linked to real-world applications, knowledge evolution, meaning gradual integration of knowledge using seminars and examination assignments, preparedness protocol focusing on updated information and structured templates for the seminars. Further, the design principle of collaborative connection includes discussion where professionals exchange experiences, and the last principle, learning fusion, directs toward blended learning by combining face-to-face seminars and films. The revised course design, according to the design principles, implied that the number of professionals graduating and their grades increased. The findings of this study add theoretically to existing knowledge and practical implications by providing design principles that higher education teachers and other stakeholders can use to design or revise professional development courses. The design principles could be used stand-alone or combined to increase professionals' learning and satisfaction.

Assessing the phenomenon of out‐of‐school children in Nigeria: Issues, gaps and recommendations

AbstractSince the 1950s, the Nigerian government has undertaken various reforms and assessments to improve educational planning and delivery. Schemes and legal frameworks, such as Alternative Schools, Universal Basic Education, the Open School Program and the Child Right Act, exemplify efforts to universalise elementary education in the country. Yet, up to 20 million children and youth in Nigeria are currently out of school. Utilising a critical literature review approach, validated by empirical data and correlation analysis, this paper assesses Millennium Development Goal 2 and Sustainable Development Goal 4 to identify the factors that make education inaccessible for children in Nigeria vis‐à‐vis the effectiveness of policies and government interventions. The critical literature review evaluates prior research and data to understand the systemic issues within Nigeria's educational framework. Through this approach, we identify patterns and relationships that underpin the educational crisis, highlighting both successes and persistent gaps. To quantify the relationships between variables, we employed correlation analysis. Our assessment shows a significant positive correlation between unemployment and the rate of out‐of‐school children in the country, indicating that favourable socio‐economic conditions translate to improved access to education. Additionally, geopolitical disparities, insecurity and public spending on education collectively influence educational outcomes in Nigeria. We recommend a reimagining of the out‐of‐school children phenomenon by government agencies, non‐governmental organisations and civil society to focus on household‐level intervention policies that reflect local socio‐economic conditions. This study proposes the initiation of a sovereign annual fiscal audit and expenditure tracker to monitor the flow of funds from patrons or the government to the proposed beneficiaries. Furthermore, we suggest a review of the Universal Basic Education Act of 2004 and recommend that schools are brought even closer to children in crisis‐stricken areas. The findings underscore the pressing need of targeted, context‐specific strategies to address the multifaceted barriers to education in Nigeria. Context and implicationsRationale for this study: Comprehensive critical reviews on the issue of out‐of‐school children (OOSC) in Nigeria are scarce. With an alarming 20 million children not attending primary and secondary schools, a thorough scholarly evaluation of this pressing issue is urgently needed.Why the new findings matter: By highlighting key issues such as government commitment, household economy and insecurity as factors influencing OOSC rates, this study offers actionable recommendations to both the private and public sectors on how to effectively reduce the number of out‐of‐school children in line with the sustainable development goals (particularly, SDG4).Implications for policy makers, researchers and the general public: The findings of this study will assist policy makers (government bodies, schools and interested development partners) in developing strategies to tackle the issue of OOSC in Nigeria. It will help improve the design of policies and techniques to address the barriers to education access. Furthermore, it provides the foundation for future research and sensitises the general public to join hands in the advocacy for educational equity.

Prevalence and social determinants of anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana systematic review

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are major public health concerns, yet their prevalence and social determinants contributing to mental health disparities remain underexplored. This review, to our knowledge, is the first of its kind, aiming to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders among adults in Ghana, along with social determinants associated with their occurrence. Methods A search of nine electronic databases and seven grey literature sources was conducted up to September 25, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the studies. Forty-six studies were included. Prevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression explored potential moderators. A narrative synthesis explored social determinants associated with anxiety and depression. Results Preliminary results showed a high prevalence of anxiety (43.7%, 95% CI: 35.6-54.4%) and depression (37.8%, 95% CI; 32.5% to 46%), with regional variations. There were significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression across chronic physical conditions and method of condition assessment. Meta-regression showed significant association between average age and anxiety prevalence. Social determinants associated with anxiety included being female, non-Christian, low income, self-employed, limited social support, and basic education, while that for depression included being young (< 25yr), low income, government employed, childhood physical and sexual abuse, gender-based violence and urban residence. Protective factors for both were male gender, strong social support and higher education. Conclusions Preliminary results indicate a high prevalence of anxiety and depression linked to social determinants. While methodological limitations exist (eg, study heterogeneity), findings highlight a need for evidence-based interventions targeting social determinants to reduce the burden of anxiety and depression among adults in Ghana. Key messages • Our review suggests addressing the social determinants of mental health, aligned with sustainable developmental goals, may reduce the burden of anxiety and depression. • While Ghana is working towards improving mental health via its revised 12year Mental Health Policy launched in 2021, this review can facilitate planning and resource allocation for mental healthcare.

'Show me the money': An analysis of US global health funding from 1995 to 2019.

Historically, the US has been the largest contributor to development assistance for health (DAH), although its allocation has shifted in response to outside forces. This included, for example, the establishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, which emphasised child mortality, maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. This led to funds being earmarked for disease-specific interventions rather than health system strengthening (HSS). In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) published six health system building blocks, representing essential components of strong health systems. In 2015, the MDGs were replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasised capacity-building as opposed to specific health problems. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, meanwhile, highlighted surgical capacity building as essential to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Given the renewed emphasis on a comprehensive approach rather than disease-specific interventions, one might anticipate the US aligning with this rhetoric in its allocation of DAH. However, we hypothesise that this is not the case. We queried the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database for allocation of US DAH to low- and middle-income countries between 1995 and 2019, thereby excluding data after 2019 to avoid the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. OECD entries were assigned to health systems strengthening (HSS) or disease-specific interventions categories. The WHO building blocks were used as a framework for health systems strengthening. From 1995 to 1999, US DAH allocated to HSS decreased from 42% to 34%. The allocation decreased further from 34% in 2000 to 4% in 2007; correspondingly, DAH allocated to disease-specific interventions increased from 67% to 96%. Between 2008 and 2019, the distribution of US DAH remained relatively stable, with funds allocated to HSS versus disease-specific interventions ranging from 3-12% and 88-98% respectively. While total US DAH contributions in the 1990s and early 2000s were significantly lower compared to the decade that followed, the distribution of these funds was more evenly divided between HSS and disease-specific interventions. Despite attempts by the WHO and United Nations to redirect attention to HSS as the path to achieving UHC, the US continues to largely support disease-specific interventions and overlook the importance of HSS, including surgical capacity building.

Divergent dynamics of coastal wetlands in the world’s major river deltas during 1990–2019

Coastal wetlands provide vital dynamic ecosystem services. They have become increasingly important after being linked to several sustainable developmental goals, resulting in a focus on their protection, management, and restoration. Therefore, there is an increasing need to detect and compare coastal wetland spatiotemporal dynamics in deltas at a global scale. In this study, we mapped and characterized coastal wetland spatiotemporal patterns for 1990–2019 in the world’s major river deltas using pixel frequency algorithms and Landsat-4/5 (TM), −7 (ETM + ), −8 (OLI), and Sentinel-2 (MSI) time-series imagery obtained from Google Earth Engine (GEE). Our map had a high overall accuracy (91.84 %) for 2019. Tidal flats were primarily distributed in North America (∼6.87 %) and Asia (∼5.91 %), whereas salt marshes were more commonly found in North America (∼45.39 %) and South America (∼10.61 %). Mangroves are more common in South America (∼11.86 %) and Asia (∼5.83 %), primarily because of the Amazon River Delta and tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, which host several large river deltas. South America had the largest coastal delta wetland area (798,569 km2), followed by Asia (640,251 km2), North America (581,977 km2), Africa (181,977 km2), Europe (140,759 km2), and Oceania (15,915 km2). There was a minor difference in the distribution of wetland vegetation and tidal flats in Asian coastal deltas, and the wetland vegetation area in Asia was greater than that in tidal flats on other continents. We found that the coastal wetland areas increased during 1990–2001, decreased during 2001–2012, and steadily increased during 2012–2019. Our study provides a baseline for monitoring the area, status, and health of the coastal wetlands in these river deltas.

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Digital Management Facing Difficulties and Solutions

The advent of the digital era has provided strong technical support for the high-quality development of the social economy. The integration of the social economy with Internet technology has given rise to new industries. However, the traditional development model of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is increasingly unable to meet the demands of economic growth, and digital management has gradually become a key approach for these enterprises to achieve their development goals. Currently, SMEs face challenges such as talent shortages, insufficient funds, and a lack of awareness regarding transformation. This paper will analyze the difficulties SMEs encounter in implementing digital management and explore potential development paths for their digital transformation.

Sino-Us Competitive Cooperation Relationship: AIIB’s Projects in Africa and Practical Application of SDGs

Introduction: This article explores the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, focusing on infrastructure development by the AIIB and the DFC. Examining the strategic roles, operational approaches, and impacts of these institutions on African development. It also delves to geopolitical implications, through the African infrastructure, can proves the different trajectory of US and China rivalry in Africa.And also what influences for Sino-US hegemony competition. Using realism and Neo-realism theory as the framework to analysis Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship. And in this article will also talk about the connection between AIIB and DFC investment in Africa and SDG. And how AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa’s SDG to help Africa’s SDGs development. For the Methodology used in this article is qualitative research, can interview some experts in the Africa investment or SDGs development to collect some data and analysis these data. For the research result will also discuss in different factors such as development goals, geopolitical dynamics, Africa’s future prospects. The value of this article is know what is the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, And how these investment help Africa’s development to help Africa achieve SDGs. Like Lake Turkana Wind Power Project in Kenya, is provide affordable and clean energy in Africa, help Africa to achieve No.7 SDGs. Objective: This article aims to analyze how the AIIB and DFC help African infrastructure, and also the development of Africa. Secondly, examining the strategic roles of AIIB and DFC, how these two organizations help the US and China in global competition. Thirdly, to explore the broader geopolitical implications of the Sino-US competitive cooperation relationship in Africa, examining how the activities of AIIB and DFC reflect and influence the geopolitical dynamics between China and the United States. And how AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa achieve SDGs. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Through realism and Neo-realism stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises is qualitative research method will be used in conducting this research. The qualitative method is used to gather opinions, experiences and thoughts from the research respondents. Data collection was carried out through use interview no matter online or face to face. And also select for some focus group to do the comparison with different factors of the research, and find the connections and how these factors influence with other factors in the research. Results and Discussion: The findings highlight that the contributions of both institutions to African development, emphasizing the complex dynamics that shape their interactions and impact on the continent. And also through the Africa infrastructure how the US and China compete with each other. In the discussion part, it divides as different part to talk about the influence in Africa and Sino-US competition in different periods. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this article are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of Sino-US competitive cooperation relations and how AIIB and DFC investment help Africa to achieve SDGs. These implications could encompass Sino-US relationship, Africa’s development and Geopolitical Dynamics . Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by finding how AIIB and DFC investment help Africa’s SDG development in order to try to find Sino-US competitive cooperation way. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by how the AIIB and DFC investment influence Africa’s develop SDG, and during the process what about Sino-US relations development to prove.

Effect of implementing TQM on Corporate Performance in the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia

Despite the significance of the contracting industry in the Saudi Arabia and the significant investments that are being made in the project sector, there exists an obstacle or delay in the timely completion of projects. This delay leads to several costs, which can impact the strategic plans of the state and impede the progress of economic, social, and developmental goals. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of total quality management on performance of the construction companies in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from 272 respondents. The result revealed that there is a positive and significant effect of TQM on the organizational performance of construction companies. The study highlighted that implementing the TQM approach would enhance the overall performance of construction, Saudi Arabia. Limitation and recommendations for future studies was provided.

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Early Childhood Caries Within the Framework of Sustainable Developmental Goal 13: A Scoping Review

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Early Childhood Caries Within the Framework of Sustainable Developmental Goal 13: A Scoping Review

The Enactment of Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Scale Leads to Various Implications

The hallmark of global sustainable development efforts is the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiative, so the SDGs were proposed after this. Early initiatives highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and globally applicable set of goals, thus laying the groundwork for the SDGs. Among them are sustainability, ecological environment protection and so on. This article explores the local implementation and impact of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main questions are how to effectively implement SDGs policies in different social cultures, and the role of local government and community organizations is carefully analyzed. These are also areas where SDGs can be effectively promoted at the local level through muti-stakeholder collaboration, inclusive policies and innovative approaches. And there are three field examples to prove its effectiveness. For example, sustainable transport and energy management in Barcelona, participatory planning in Kerala and community conservation in Kenya. The significance of the study highlights the key role of local action in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals, and provides concrete cases for analysis.