Development Of Framework Research Articles

Harnessing Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Aquaculture systems globally face significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning wastewater management. This review explores the innovative application of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms (OPhMs), specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment within these systems. OPhMs offer a dual role in wastewater treatment by removing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, while simultaneously improving water quality through oxygenation. We evaluate the integration of OPhMs into existing aquaculture operations, considering key factors such as system design, operational conditions, and economic viability. Additionally, we discuss the potential of algal biomass as a secondary resource for producing biofuels, animal feed, and other bio-products, contributing to the circular economy model. Our findings highlight the ability of OPhM systems to significantly reduce the ecological footprint of aquaculture while recovering valuable resources. However, challenges such as process stability, especially under low-temperature conditions, and the efficiency of biomass harvesting, require further research. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future development and optimization of OPhM-based wastewater treatment systems to improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations.

Analysis of Farmers’ Willingness to Land Transfer in Collective Land Construction Rental Housing Projects

The policy of using collective land to build rental housing was first implemented in 2017 in the context of the Chinese government’s proposal of “housing for living, not speculation”. However, due to the constraints of laws and regulations, the attitudes of local governments and social capital, and the attitudes of collective economic organizations, the progress of pilot projects varies from city to city. This paper selects the Nanjing Zhetang project and analyzes the factors affecting the willingness of rural households in the collective economic organizations to which the pilot project belongs to the land transfer through the framework of Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). Finally, it is concluded that the strength of the collective economic organization of the pilot project, the traditional concept of land acquisition of farmers, and the concern of farmers about the unfair distribution of expected benefits jointly affect the attitude of farmers towards land transfer in the market. Finally, relevant suggestions are given to provide reference for other pilot projects in China.

Mitigating not-invented-here syndrome in consultant knowledge transfer by developing appropriate implementation guidelines

Purpose This study aims to propose a framework for the development of implementation guidelines (IGs) that can help consultants mitigate not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome during a consultant intervention as a specific type of knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a design science research approach for proposing an NIH-mitigating IG development framework. Inspired by findings and rich primary data from two consultant interventions, the authors, through theory building, ground five core principles in the general theory of NIH attitude functions. Finally, the authors revisit two consultant interventions to identify and describe mechanisms that led to the enactment of the principles. Findings The proposed framework provides five principles for developing NIH-mitigating IGs. The present research proposes that successful knowledge transfer and the mitigation of NIH syndrome as a prerequisite for this success are conditioned by adequately developed IGs. Originality/value The originality and value of the present research lie in the proposed NIH-mitigating IG development framework containing a set of principles for IG development as a proactive rather than reactive approach to NIH mitigation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to address the problematics of mitigating NIH syndrome in consultant knowledge transfer by focusing on developing appropriate IGs. By developing and implementing IGs based on the proposed framework, a more successful transfer of knowledge from consultants to clients should take place, thus, increasing the value that clients receive from consultancy.

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry.

To (i) evaluate structured postgraduate part-time programs in periodontology, including those addressing peri-implant diseases, among members of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), (ii) the impact of the 2018 classification scheme and EFP clinical practice guidelines and (iii) propose a framework for periodontal vocational education and training. A summary of relevant European guidelines for vocational education and training was compiled. In a survey and in a systematic review, current part-time programs in continuing professional education in periodontology as well as in prevention and management of peri-implant diseases were examined. The implementation and dissemination of the 2018 classification scheme and the EFP clinical practice guidelines were assessed by literature analysis. Based on these findings, a framework for periodontal vocational education and training was generated. Part-time programs for professional development in periodontology are established in nine EFP member countries. The systematic review identified lack of knowledge in prevention and management of peri-implant diseases among dental practitioners and hygienists. Continuing professional development was found to be important for education in prevention, classification and management of periodontal as well as peri-implant diseases. The proposed European framework consists of an escalator model with three levels (certificate, diploma and master). Considering the identified variation in the national programs, there is a need to improve education in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The proposed frameworkmay will help harmonize the national structures. The proposed framework for part-time professional development is expected to enhance professional qualification.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SPEECH THERAPISTS AND TEACHERS IN ARMENIA AND BEYOND

The objective of this research project is to present a comprehensive examination of the disparities in continuous professional development (CPD) for speech therapists and teachers. The consequences for service quality and professional standards within these two critical disciplines will be the primary focus of the analysis. As mandated by the regulatory framework, teachers in Armenia, for example, must participate in continuing professional development (CPD) programs to maintain their professional qualifications. On the other hand, speech therapists are not subject to the same responsibilities, which causes significant differences between the two professions in terms of the development of skills and the ongoing of their education. This study compares the consequences of several continuing professional development requirements, shared professional practices, and relevant government laws. A critical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative pros and cons of mandating continuing professional development (CPD) for speech therapists is conducted. To support this review, empirical evidence has been gathered via interviews with important stakeholders and a comprehensive study of the present accessible knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need for a more organized and coherent continuous professional development (CPD) framework particularly designed for speech therapists, that conforms with the professional development policies set for teachers, and that is more consistent. Additionally, this research offers specific recommendations that are designed to enhance legislative structures to increase the opportunities for continuing professional development (CPD) in both professions. The suggested projects are meant to improve the quality of services and professional knowledge in speech therapy as well as to guarantee that every professional working in Armenian educational and therapeutic environments satisfies high criteria of competence. The communities they serve will eventually gain from this. This will be achieved by fostering a culture of ongoing professional development.

Developing and validating a scale for English-medium instruction pedagogical competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms

ABSTRACT This study aimed to create a scale that is better aligned with and tailored to the needs and perspectives of students for evaluating teachers’ EMI pedagogical competency in the multilingual and multicultural higher education context. Based on a literature review, a preliminary scale was developed. After an expert survey of six EMI experts to ensure face and content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the scale by examining its convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency. The result suggested that the scale was comprised of 22 items and 3 factors, viz., ‘general EMI pedagogical competency’, ‘adapt teaching to adjust for variation in culture and academic/linguistic ability’, and ‘boosting student involvement and positive affection toward EMI. The scale exhibited adequate reliability and validity and could be employed to evaluate tutors’ EMI competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms. This study argued that in addition to possessing general EMI pedagogical competency, teachers should also develop additional competency related to widely-discussed student EMI anxiety and multilingual and multicultural backgrounds. This scale could serve as a framework for EMI professional development in the higher education sector, but also a tool enhancing teachers’ reflexivity in their EMI practice.

Modeling and Simulations in Latin-American Generic Markets: Perspectives from Chilean Local Industry, Regulatory Agency, and Academia.

In the last 20 years, modeling and simulations (M&S) have gained increased attention in pharmaceutical sciences. International industry and world-reference agencies have used M&S to make cost-efficient decisions through the model-informed drug development (MIDD) framework. Modeling tools include biopredictive dissolution models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK), biopharmaceutic models (PBBM), and virtual bioequivalence, among many others. Regulatorily, health agencies are becoming more and more open to accept the use of M&S to support regulatory applications, including setting dissolution specifications, quality-by-design (QbD), postapproval changes (SUPAC), etc. Nonetheless, the potential of M&S has been only barely explored in Latin America (Latam) across different actors: industry, regulatory agencies, and even academia. In this manuscript, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for implementing M&S approaches in Latam. Perspectives of regional experts were shared in a workshop. Attendance (professionals from industry, regulator, academia, and clinicians) also shared their views via survey. The rational development of bioequivalent generics was considered the main opportunity for M&S in regional market, particularly the use of PBPK and PBBM. Nonetheless, a critical mass of modeling scientists is needed before Latin American industry and regulators can actually benefit from M&S. Collaborations (e.g., Academia-Industry and Academia-Regulatory) may be a path to develop applied research projects and train the future modelers. Reaching that critical mass, scientists from industry may apply modeling across generic drug development process and life cycle, while regulatory scientists may issue guidelines in local language to support regional industry. Only at that stage could the full potential of MIDD be reached in Latin American generic markets.

The effect of blended tube feeding compared to conventional formula on clinical outcomes in adults: A systematic review.

To explore the effect of blended tube feeding compared to conventional formulas on nutritional status, quality of life, anthropometry, diarrhoea and tube blockages in adults receiving tube feeding. The protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42022372443). Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, CENTRAL) were searched from commencement of database to 14th June 2023 to identify studies comparing blended tube feeding to conventional formulas in adults receiving tube feeding. Certainty assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework, and a narrative synthesis of results is provided. From 4227 studies screened, eight were included (total n = 763 patients, 9-215 patients). Three studies were hospital-based and five were home-based with duration from 8 days-8 months. Blended tube feeding and conventional formulas were nutritionally equivalent in only three studies; energy and protein concentration of formulas ranged from 1.7-7.1 kJ/mL and 21-68.5 g/L for the blended tube feeding groups, and 4.2-6.7 kJ/mL and 39-100 g/L for the conventional groups. No studies assessed nutrition status or quality of life using validated measures. Blended tube feeding was associated with a clinically relevant reduction in diarrhoea with a low level of certainty. For remaining outcomes, there were inconclusive findings and an overall very low certainty of evidence for each. The effect of blended tube feeding compared to conventional formulas on all outcomes remains uncertain. Blended tube feeding may reduce the incidence of diarrhoea. Future research using nutritionally equivalent comparisons and validated outcome measures is required.

Cognitive processing biases of social anxiety in adults who do and do not stutter

PurposeAdults who stutter are at risk of developing high levels of social anxiety, leading to negative outcomes and contributing towards stuttering relapse post treatment. To ensure that psychological treatments for social anxiety in stuttering adults are relevant and effective, a broader empirical understanding of the mechanisms of social anxiety in stuttering populations is required. Four key cognitive processing biases identified as maintenance factors in cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety were examined: self-focused attention, safety behavior use, negative self-imagery, and interpretation bias. MethodsAdults who stutter and non-stuttering adults (N = 186) were assessed via an online survey. Participants were categorised into two groups based on stuttering: formally diagnosed stuttering and non-stuttering. Within those groups, participants were further categorised as having low or high levels of social anxiety. Cognitive processing bias was assessed in response to two hypothetical social scenarios (i.e., social interaction and social performance). ResultsAs predicted, in both adults who stutter and who are non-stuttering, high social anxiety was related to greater self-focused attention, safety behavior use and negative self-imagery compared to low social anxiety. No significant effect of social anxiety or stuttering was found in relation to interpretation bias. A significant effect of social anxiety upon negative self-imagery was observed in formally-diagnosed adults who stutter compared to non-stuttering adults. ConclusionThe results support the use of cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety as a framework for research and treatment development within stuttering populations.

Promoting environmental sustainability: A policy perspective on hydroelectric power generation, foreign direct investments, and financial development

In today's rapidly evolving world, characterized by the menace of global warming and the ever-pressing call for sustainable energy solutions, the trilogy of hydroelectric power generation, foreign direct investment, and environmental quality is a compelling and indispensable dimension; all of which necessitate simultaneous consideration. In this quest, this research article aims to explore the nexus between hydroelectric power generation, foreign direct investment, and sustainability—within the framework of financial development. To this end, we have utilized annual data of the world's ten largest hydroelectric power-generating countries in the year 2021 for the period 1992–2019, and utilize the Westerlund-Edgerton LM Bootstrap, Augmented Mean Group, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel bootstrap causality methods as our main econometrics' batteries. Based on the empirical outcomes that study entails that financial development, foreign direct investments, and increasing economic growth reduce the environmental quality. We observed that hydroelectric power generation is an important driving force on environmental quality. The empirical outcomes further infer that as the financial development levels of countries increase, the positive impact of hydroelectric power generation on environmental quality becomes more significant. The study findings will help policymakers to organize environmental quality strategies that are more realistic and accurate.

Generative AI insights in tourism and hospitality: A comprehensive review and strategic research roadmap

This study used bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine how the tourism and hospitality industries use generative artificial intelligence (GAI), identifying developed patterns, theoretical frameworks, strengths and limitations, and future research challenges. We conducted a systematic review using the Scopus database, adhering to PRISMA principles. We analyzed a sample of 25 articles published between 2019 and 2023 through narrative synthesis and bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software, a tool for visualizing network analysis. The USA, China, India, and Saudi Arabia are the major countries engaged in GAI research in tourism and hospitality. Significant research topics emphasize decision-making, chatbots, deep learning, and sentiment analysis, mainly through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R), and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) frameworks. GAI applications demonstrate strength in improving user experience and operational efficiency, though gaps exist in scope, ethics, technology performance, and collaboration between humans and AI. This study, therefore, provides a fundamental foundation for understanding the current status of GAI research in tourism and hospitality by pointing out some trends and areas that require further investigation to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI within the industry.

Curved Image Triangulation Based on Differentiable Rendering

AbstractImage triangulation methods, which decompose an image into a series of triangles, are fundamental in artistic creation and image processing. This paper introduces a novel framework that integrates cubic Bézier curves into image triangulation, enabling the precise reconstruction of curved image features. Our developed framework constructs a well‐structured curved triangle mesh, effectively preventing overlaps between curves. A refined energy function, grounded in differentiable rendering, establishes a direct link between mesh geometry and rendering effects and is instrumental in guiding the curved mesh generation. Additionally, we derive an explicit gradient formula with respect to mesh parameters, facilitating the adaptive and efficient optimization of these parameters to fully leverage the capabilities of cubic Bézier curves. Through experimental and comparative analyses with state‐of‐the‐art methods, our approach demonstrates a significant enhancement in both numerical accuracy and visual quality.

22 Digital citizenship among children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines for promoting healthy screen time use

Abstract Background In response to the rising prevalence of screen-based usage among children, particularly those with autism, this study addresses the urgent need for tailored guidelines and strategies to support the digital citizenship and healthy screen time management of children and youth with autism. The currently available screen time guidelines do not adequately account for the specific requirements of autistic children, prompting an exploratory investigation into the information needs of clinicians and families in this domain. Objectives To develop clear and specific guidelines for caregivers and clinicians to facilitate the digital citizenship of children with autism. Design/Methods This multi-phase study was guided by the Knowledge to Action framework for knowledge development (figure 1). First, we identified the existing knowledge gaps regarding screen time use by conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 clinicians. Next, a Delphi method was employed, involving 30 experts in autism, comprising 20 clinicians and 10 caregivers. These experts participated in a series of three surveys, wherein they rated their agreement with a set of statements, encompassing potential guidelines and strategies. Statements that garnered agreement from over 75% of the panel were included in the final guidelines, which were categorized into six sections. In the last phase, evaluation and implementation of the guidelines were studied by asking parents and clinicians for their opinion on key criteria, including accessibility, relevance, clarity, usability, knowledge, and delivery. Results The 1st phase highlighted the need to create uniform recommendations for screen time management. The 2nd phase finalized a set of guidelines comprises six key sections, each playing a pivotal role in promoting healthy screen time use among children with autism: General principles; considerations related to the timing and content of leisure screen time; strategies for caregivers and clinicians to oversee and regulate screen time usage; behavioral indicators of screen time overuse; additional guidelines tailored for clinicians; and a section on resources. In the evaluation phase, participants responded positively and reported that disseminating the guidelines online is feasible and useful. Participant were satisfied with the key criteria with responses scoring between “Somewhat agree” and “Agree” across all domains. Please visit https://asdtechnology.osot.ubc.ca/screen-time-use-guidelines/ Conclusion The guidelines established through this collaborative effort between stakeholders in the autism community provide valuable insights and a tangible framework to address screen time overuse in children with autism. By identifying and addressing the unique needs of this population, these guidelines aim to assist clinicians and caregivers in nurturing healthy digital citizenship among autistic children.

The Effect of a Parcel-Aggregated Cropping Structure Mapping Method in Irrigation-Water Estimation in Arid Regions—A Case Study of the Weigan River Basin in Xinjiang Province

Effective management of agricultural water resources in arid regions relies on precise estimation of irrigation-water demand. Most previous studies have adopted pixel-level mapping methods to estimate irrigation-water demand, often leading to inaccuracies when applied in arid areas where land salinization is severe and where poorly growing crops cause the growing area to be smaller than the sown area. To address this issue and improve the accuracy of irrigation-water demand estimation, this study utilizes parcel-aggregated cropping structure mapping. We conducted a case study in the Weigan River Basin, Xinjiang Province, China. Deep learning techniques, the Richer Convolutional Features model, and the bilayer Long Short-Term Memory model were applied to extract parcel-aggregated cropping structures. By analyzing the cropping patterns, we estimated the irrigation-water demand and calculated the supply using statistical data and the water balance approach. The results indicated that in 2020, the cultivated area in the Weigan River Basin was 5.29 × 105 hectares, distributed over 853,404 parcels with an average size of 6202 m2. Based on the parcel-aggregated cropping structure, the estimated irrigation-water demand ranges from 25.1 × 108 m3 to 30.0 × 108 m3, representing a 5.57% increase compared to the pixel-level estimates. This increase highlights the effectiveness of the parcel-aggregated cropping structure in capturing the actual irrigation-water requirements, particularly in areas with severe soil salinization and patchy crop growth. The supply was calculated at 24.4 × 108 m3 according to the water balance approach, resulting in a minimal water deficit of 0.64 × 108 m3, underscoring the challenges in managing agricultural water resources in arid regions. Overall, the use of parcel-aggregated cropping structure mapping addresses the issue of irrigation-water demand underestimation associated with pixel-level mapping in arid regions. This study provides a methodological framework for efficient agricultural water resource management and sustainable development in arid regions.

Argentina's rejection of 2030 agenda undermines environmental sustainability and human well-being

In a recent speech to the UN General Assembly, Argentine President Javier Milei rejected the Pact for the Future and the 2030 Agenda, a comprehensive global framework for sustainable development encompassing ‘people, planet, and prosperity.’ This position undermines Argentina’s capacity to tackle urgent socio-environmental challenges like poverty, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and wildfires. By walking away from this international initiative, Argentina risks isolation and exacerbating these interconnected crises.

Beyond Words: Enhancing Clinical Guideline Comprehension With Icons.

The Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework is widely applied in clinical guidelines to facilitate transparent evidence evaluation. While developing Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on the management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), panel members suggested developing and implementing a visual aid to enable quicker identification of key information by providers at bedside seeking guidance. We conducted a mixed-methods study evaluating the usability of a newly designed infographic/icon using a survey and focus groups. The survey incorporated a simulated COVID-19 IDSA guideline with and without the icon, followed by comprehension questions. Focus group discussions provided qualitative feedback on the GRADE methodology and icon usability. The survey was returned by 289 health care providers. There was no statistical difference in the correct response rates between icon-aided and non-icon-aided guideline questions (McNemar's chi-square test, P > .1 for both questions). Interactions with the icon notably increased the time taken and number of clicks required to respond to the first question (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < .01). In contrast, response time did not differ between versions for the second question (P = .38). Most subjects (85%) indicated that the icon improved the readability of the guidelines. A focus group follow-up suggested alternative designs for the icon. This study highlights the promise of iconography in clinical guidelines, although the specific icons tested did not measurably improve usability metrics. Future research should focus on icon design and testing within a formal usability framework, considering the impact of GRADE language on user experience.

Penerapan Metode Scrum untuk Sistem Informasi Arsip Surat di Kantor Kecamatan Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat

The implementation of an effective and efficient information system is very important in managing letter archives in government offices. This study aims to design and implement a letter archive information system using the Scrum method at the Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat District Office. Scrum was chosen as a software development framework because of its adaptive and iterative nature, allowing the team to accommodate changing needs quickly. Through this approach, system development is carried out in several sprints, which ensures that the development process runs in a structured manner with a clear division of tasks. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Scrum method can increase efficiency in the letter archive management process and accelerate the response to changes in system needs. With this letter archive information system, the sub-district office can manage letter documents in a more organized, easily accessible, and secure manner. This study is expected to be the basis for further development to improve the quality of administrative services in government institutions.

Forging the Resistive Republic: Social Capital, Institutional Stability, and Civic Virtue in Pluralist Democracies

Republicans too often take for granted features not easy to bring about in the absence of social capital. Lovett and Pettit (2009) consider that it is through collective political actions that citizens shed light on acts of domination. For Pettit (2012), civic vigilance is the only guarantee that “the government will be forced to remain responsive to popular inputs”. As Kimpell (2023) mentions, one of the weak points of republican theories remains the lack of an account of norm generation. I aim to show how this could occur in a way that does not constitute itself an arbitrary interference of the government in the people’s lives. The kind of generalized reciprocity which is of utmost importance for republicanism often depends on the presence of ties that connect different socio-economic groups within communities and, “where such interactions do not naturally occur, forums for interaction can be intentionally created and designed to encourage development of social capital” (Warner 2001). More specifically, I argue that such forums for interaction could be represented by polycentric systems. Furthermore, I argue that embracing polycentricity constitutes a non-dominating way in which we could promote the “resistive community” (Pettit 2012) required by republicanism. I consider that the empirical results extensively documented in the Institutional Analysis and Development framework are an appropriate starting point for designing novel republican policies and institutions that can function alongside sufficient levels of trust.

Nutrient circularity of an anaerobic digestion project in a typical intensive rice cultivation village in the Vietnamese Mekong delta region: a regional material flow analysis and discussion of modeling practices

AbstractRice is the third largest agricultural commodity in the world. Intensive rice production is associated with high fertilizer application, and vast quantities of rice straw are often disposed of by open burning. As emissions of N and P from fertilizer and their impacts are highly spatially disparate, it is crucial to locally assess potential solutions for nutrient circularity. A model framework was established to evaluate the potential impact of local N, P and C cycles along with suitable circularity indicators. This framework was applied for a case study in the typical intensive rice cultivation village Hậu Mỹ Bắc B in the Mekong Delta using STAN modeling software. A novel technique, based on a patented temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) loop-reactor design was investigated as a measure to reduce rice straw open burning, generate bioenergy and recover digestate for nutrient recirculation. The case study showed that rice straw TPAD could reduce open burning by 60%, while the N recovery rate increased to 21% when 200 ± 34 Mg/a of inorganic fertilizer was replaced with digestate. For C and P, the recovery rates increased to 14% and 11%, respectively. Based on the results, we concluded that TPAD has a strong impact on local nutrient circularity in terms of recirculation and sufficiency. Furthermore, the developed framework is suitable to use for master planning of nutrient circularity and for technological impact assessments at local scale. However, versatile, dynamic, and comparable monitoring frameworks with harmonized indicators to identify options for nutrient circularity are required for the detailed modeling of regional nutrient management.

A novel gene editing lexicon strategy for the haemophilia community: Research plan for development and preliminary results.

Despite the progress in gene editing platforms like CRISPR/Cas9 with thepotential to transform the standard of care for haemophilia, the language used to explain and discuss gene editing is not aligned across the haemophilia community. Here, we present the objective and rationale for developing a clear, consistent, and globally aligned gene editing lexicon to address these communication gaps. Effectively communicating complex gene editing concepts requires a clear and consistent vocabulary. Through collaboration with a diversity of haemophilia stakeholders, our main goal is to develop an accurate, informative lexicon which avoids overpromising or highly technical terminology. Using an innovative process, representatives from several patient and scientific haemophilia organizations and select biotechnology companies will develop and refine language concepts to be tested with approximately seventy participants across the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Germany. Participants will include lived experience experts (LEEs) and haematologists. The process will be overseen by the Lexicon Steering Committee of global experts from leading scientific and patient organizations in the haemophilia and gene editing fields. Initial feedback provided a robust foundation and rationale for building clear, consistent language around gene editing. This lexicon development framework will allow for increased understanding across the haemophilia community, including thedevelopment of valid informed consent and shared decision-making materials. Results provide important building blocks for stimuli development and highlight the need for a novel gene editing lexicon. In the next phase, language stimuli will be tested with LEEs and haematologists to better understand audience preferences and help shape the final lexicon.