Development Assistance Programs Research Articles

The Impact of Post-War Transnational Consultants in Housing and Planning Development Narratives: The Case of Otto Koenigsberger

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the progressive dismantling of previous power-nations and the independence of many countries have contributed to new political, economic, and technical processes and highly mobile flows of people and ideas. Yet, research has overlooked knowledge channels outside of mainstream geopolitical frameworks. In particular, the role and power of international aid organizations, their development assistance programs, and the impact of the emergent new actor of this phenomenon—the consultant—in housing and planning narratives deserve to be examined. This article proposes to do so by exploring the historical contribution of Otto Koenigsberger (1908–1999) as part of the first generation of CIAM-UN experts. His view of “housing as a problem of numbers” engaged him on a lifelong pedagogical and transnational political project of decolonizing architectural education and the redefinition of both the profession and the professional. By emphasizing the importance of (a new) training, it raises questions on what sort of knowledge housing may require, by whom knowledge competencies may be conveyed, and how that knowledge should be instrumentalized. The article draws on extensive archival research, findings on the protagonists and institutions involved, and the author’s interviews with key players that shed light on evolving conceptualizations of “development,” built environment, educational programs, and knowledge production. Ultimately, examining the terminology underlying the expertise delivered through consultancy reports vis à vis the education and skills needs contributes to a better understanding of the foundations of housing as a problematized field of architectural education.

Protecting US Interests in Afghanistan

It is unrealistic to expect the Taliban regime to provide Afghanistan with a representative government that respects human rights in line with American preferences, or to constitute a strong security partner for the United States. But Washington still has choices about the relationship it can have with Kabul. The US government should move beyond its post-withdrawal hybrid policy of isolation and limited engagement – essentially, no relationship beyond occasional ad hoc problem-solving – to one that is better able to protect US interests in the region. These include preventing Afghanistan from becoming a base for transnational terrorist groups, securing the departure of Afghans at risk due to their association with the US occupation, and tamping down anti-Western sentiment. A bilateral relationship that establishes routine US diplomatic engagement, a development-assistance programme and tailored sanctions is required.

ЕВРОСОЮЗ И ЛАТИНСКАЯ АМЕРИКА: ОСНОВНЫЕ ФОРМЫ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

The article observes the evolution of bi-regional cooperation between the EU and Latin-Caribbean America (LCA). The author pays special attention to the obstacles that impede the interregional interaction in recent years. Some other difficulties and prospects in concluding new bi-regional agreements, including «EU-MERCOSUR» Treaty are analyzed. Also, the dynamics of economic cooperation during the first two decades of the 21 st century are traced. The article focuses on the specific characters of mutual foreign trade during the pandemic period. At the same time the author explores the promising forms of interregional «EU-LCA» interaction in the near future. The article shows that during the pandemic a wide range of interregional communication remained within the framework of common economic interests, among them the cooperation in the healthcare, in solving climate problems, investing in renewable energy sources, in protection of the multilateral trade system and searching synergies between the trade policy and the global Agenda 2030. The inclusion of challenges of sustainable development is the important task for partnership agreements with Mexico, Chile, and MERCOSUR - EU format. The European Union remains its status of a leading investor and the donor in the framework of official development assistance (ODA) programs for LCA countries. The author concludes that the post-pandemic period will be characterized by the certain adjustments in the global economic relations in a short-term perspective, especially in the recovery process from a sharp decline in the macroeconomic indicators on both sides of the Atlantic. Under the new conditions, the fragmentation of regional integration may intensify in the foreseeable future, and the role of the state in national economies may increase. At the same time, in the European and Latin American directions there may be an expansion of humanitarian ties between countries.

THE MAIN TRENDS OF VIETNAM - JAPAN COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF BILATERAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

The article examines the process of formation and development of the comprehensive political and trade and economic cooperation between Japan and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1973, when diplomatic relations were established between the two countries, and then received a new impetus after Vietnam started the market reforms in 1986 and commenced the renewal policy (in Vietnamese – “Đổi Mới”). In 2009, Japan and Vietnam decided to raise the bilateral relations to the level of strategic partnership for the common interests of both countries. In 2010, as part of the official visit of the Prime Minister of Japan to Vietnam, a Joint Declaration on strategic cooperation for peace and prosperity in Asia was adopted.The article focuses on cooperation between the two countries in the framework of international and regional organizations, in particular in the framework of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, as well as in the framework of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, in which Japan and ASEAN member states participate. In recent decades Japan has been one of Vietnam’s main foreign economic partners and the second largest investor into Vietnamese economy. At the same time, Japan is the largest sponsor of Vietnam through the Official development assistance program (ODA), actively assisting Vietnam in implementing its national strategy of industrialization and modernization under the framework agreement on cooperation between Vietnam and Japan until 2020 with the prospect of 2030. Besides, the article discusses and analyzes the largest joint projects implemented in Vietnam with the technical and financial assistance from Japan.

Politics of Seed in Ethiopia's Agricultural Transformation: Pathways to Seed System Development

Seed system development in the developing world, especially in Africa, has become a political space. This article analyzes current Ethiopian seed politics in light of the historical dynamics of national and international seed system politics and developments. Drawing on multiple power analysis approaches and employing the lens of “international seed regimes,” the article characterizes the historical pattern of seed regimes in Ethiopia. While colonial territories underwent three historical seed regime patterns—the first colonial seed regime, the second post-WWII public seed regime, and the third post-1980s corporate-based neoliberal seed regime, Ethiopia has only experienced one of these. Until the 1950s, when the first US government's development assistance program—the Point 4 Program—enabled the second government-led seed regime to emerge, the farmers' seed systems remained the only seed innovation and supply system. The first colonial seed regime never took hold as the country remained uncolonized, and the government has hitherto resisted the third corporate-based neoliberal seed regime. In the current conjuncture in the contemporary Ethiopian seed regime, four different approaches to pluralistic seed system development are competing: (1) government-led formalization, (2) private-led formalization, (3) farmer-based localization, and (4) community-based integrative seed system developments. The Pluralistic Seed System Development Strategy (PSSDS) from 2013 is a uniquely diverse approach to seed system development internationally; however, it has yet to realize its equity and sustainability potential. This study shows that the agricultural modernization dependency and government-led formal seed systems development have sidelined opportunities to tap into the strength of other alternatives identified in the PSSDS. In conclusion, an integrative and inclusive seed sector is possible if the government takes leadership and removes the current political, organizational, and economic barriers for developing a truly pluralistic seed system.

REAP Energy Audit and Renewable Energy Development Assistance Program (USDA)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 45, Issue 21 p. 6-6 Grants alerts REAP Energy Audit and Renewable Energy Development Assistance Program (USDA) First published: 04 October 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.31982Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue217 October 2021Pages 6-6 RelatedInformation

Frameworks for evaluating law and justice development assistance: Lessons from Australia’s involvement in PNG

For over 20 years Australia has provided assistance to Papua New Guinea in the development of their law and justice sector. The Justice Services and Stability for Development program is the most recent of such law and justice development assistance programs. Much like its predecessors, while it made some achievements, efforts have ultimately underperformed due to an inadequate and donor-centric monitoring and evaluation framework. It is contended that although an ideal monitoring and evaluation framework will not guarantee development results, it is a prerequisite. This ideal framework adopts the learning-effectiveness model and constructivist approach, relies on mechanisms such as self-reporting and qualitative research tested against context-centric indicators and is necessarily staged in its rollout design.

Evaluasi Program Bantuan Pembangunan Rumah Layak Huni (Baperlahu): Studi Pada Kabupaten Mesuji Tahun 2019

The Livable of Housing Development Assistance Program (BAPERLAHU) is a government facility to independently support the implementation of proper housing construction in a healthy and safe environment. The implementation of the housing development assistance program requires community involvement to achieve its main goal, namely to provide habitable housing for low-income people (MBR), the elderly or with disabilities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate how the results of the implementation of the Assistance for the Construction of Livable Houses (BAPERLAHU) program in Mesuji Regency in 2019 and to find out what factors affect the implementation of the program. The research method uses qualitative research, the types of data used are primary and secondary data where data collection uses documentation, observation and interview techniques. The results of the study show that the evaluation of the Livable Housing Development program (BAPERLAHU) in Mesuji Regency in 2019 has been going quite well. In 2019 the Livable Housing Development Assistance (BAPERLAHU) program succeeded in completing 322 unfit for habitation houses (RTLH) in Mesuji Regency. However, there are several factors that affect the implementation of the program, such as the political atmosphere, limited funds allocated, the lack of Community Assistants (TPM), and lack of supervision by the Housing and Settlement Area Office of Mesuji Regency.

Regime Complexity and Complex Foreign Policy: China in International Development Finance Governance

AbstractThis paper examines China’s involvement in the governance of international development finance (IDF), analyzes its approach to the IDF regime complex, and explains its strategic policy incoherence. It shows that in recent decades China has actively engaged with the elemental IDF regimes at multiple levels – global, regional, cross‐regional, subregional, and bilateral. It argues that the Chinese government has been strategically incoherent in its policy toward IDF governance, lending support to competing models and norms. China’s ‘forum linking’ strategy with regard to multilateral development banks has enhanced international cooperation while its unconventional bilateral development assistance programs have facilitated ‘forum shopping’ by the recipient countries, thus undermining the traditional IDF framework. There are multiple sources of China’s strategic policy incoherence. Besides the country’s multiple identities and complex interests, this paper highlights the impact of the fragmented nature of the regime complex and Chinese perception of this fragmentation.

The EU in Kosovo: Operational Dilemmas, Political Priorities and the Realities of Post-Conflict Assistance

The European Union was a major participant in post conflict reconstruction in Kosovo and continues to be the leading international actor. This article examines the effectiveness of the EU’s contribution to developing Kosovo’s government institutions and the implementation of its development assistance programs. The EU faced practical difficulties at the very start of its engagement which undermined its impact, and there are ongoing deficiencies in the EU’s approach to development assistance. There are also questions about the appropriateness of the EU’s strategy in Kosovo from the perspective of Kosovo’s economic development. It is argued that EU assistance activities, based on the accession process and compliance with ‘European standards,’ are excessively complex, are oriented more towards benefiting the EU and its members, and may not address the development problems of Kosovo, or agree with the priorities of Kosovo’s population.

Canada’s economic assistance to the OPT: ideology, politics, and flawed responses

ABSTRACT While Canada has been providing development assistance to the Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) since 1993, its economic development assistance program took shape in 2007 after the formation of the Palestinian technocratic government. Even though the Canadian government had access to substantial analysis regarding the most significant impediments to the economic development of the OPT, its chosen areas of focus were informed more by its ideology, politics towards the region, and a belief in maintaining a viable economy until such time that efforts to work out the political issues related to illegal settlements, access and movement, borders, and the final formation of a Palestinian state bear fruit. As demonstrated, Canada’s actions, along with that of other donors, have allowed for Israel to continue undertaking actions that have a significant economic cost for Palestinians and that make adequate economic development impossible and a long-term viable Palestinian economy less likely.

Food Insecurity Rates Are Relatively High for Participants in Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Assistance Programs

Food Insecurity Rates Are Relatively High for Participants in Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Assistance Programs

EU-Latin America: Towards a Constructive Model of Partnership

The article deals with the future-oriented forms in the bi-regional partnership between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The author analyses changes in the cooperation on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean with special attention to the geo-economic and geo-strategic interests of the parties due to the signing of the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement. The author holds that the EU currently needs a renewed approach to its dialogue with the LAC. In this regard a promising form of cooperation is the joint implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (agenda 2030). The author argues that the official development assistance and environmental programmes might be an important component of a constructive EU-LAC partnership. The EU currently implements a wide range of initiatives in sustainable development. Thus, the members of European Union seek to move forward to a new pattern of reproduction in the world economic system, based on the SDG agenda, both within the EU and in the interregional North-South cooperation. In this context, the significance of the EU and the LAC interaction in three dimensions of sustainable development ‒ economic, social and ecological – is growing.

Building cyber security awareness in a developing country: Lessons from Myanmar

The paper discusses the arguments for inclusion of cybersecurity awareness building in development assistance programs. We note that cybersecurity awareness building can strengthen the resilience of productivity-enhancing services, such as mobile banking and e-payment systems, and benefit economic growth. We develop a typology of cybersecurity strategies involving government, the private sector and the international community. The paper describes an Australian-funded program delivered by Monash University to overcome cyber errorism by strengthening cybersecurity capacity and awareness in Myanmar and explains how and why it was delivered. Drawing on the program's experience, the paper identifies various challenges to managing an effective program as well as eight lessons learned which might be applicable to other programs. Key amongst the lessons learned is the need for a solid understanding of how the internet is accessed and used in the host country, and the need for local content to attract target audience attention.

Development Aid from Socialist Poland

The aim of this paper is to examine a broad scope of third world–oriented training and scientific initiatives conducted in Poland as part of a global specialist network, locating those initiatives within a broader context of socialist development aids politics. To address the complex technoscientific construction of othering we discuss the research centers that supported work abroad, the forms of professional education delivered by Polish specialists abroad or by students from developing countries studying in Poland, and the international development assistance programs that formed the main framework for research into tropical design, planning, and construction.

KESIAPAN PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI DI PESANTREN AL ANWAR 3 SARANG, JAWA TENGAH

The increasing level of middle class welfare in Indonesia is not only a gift for the country, but also for Muslims as the majority. Unfortunately, these economic improvements have not yet fully reached the pesantren environment widely, especially in Central Java Province. Seeing this condition, the provincial government cooperated with Bank Indonesia to provide pesantren economic development assistance programs. One of the participants is Al Anwar 3 Islamic Boarding School located in Sarang District, Rembang Regency. The launch of the pilot project is certainly the beginning of the empowerment of the santri group, which has not been explored to date. Applying a qualitative descriptive method, this research analyzes how the readiness of the pondok in developing the initial program, which later is expected to run continuously. Looking at the research results obtained, the Al Anwar 3 pesantren is quite ready to run the program, only in the future some strategic aspects, such as land preparation and increased synergy between internal parties of the cottage need to be improved so that the long-term policy objectives can be achieved.

Professionalising gender and development expertise: innovations in capacity‐building and credentialing

Gender training does not adequately prepare gender and development professionals (GDPs) to undertake robust gender integration of development and humanitarian assistance (D&H) policies and programmes and limits their ability to impact gender equity and equality and development overall. In particular, GDPs lack sector‐specific and applied technical skills in gender analysis and integration. These limitations undermine GDPs’ own performance and their credibility with employers and colleagues who rely on them for professional guidance in gender integration. To address these shortcomings and advance the field of gender and D&H, this note describes a new model of gender capacity‐building that introduces three innovations: (1) sector‐specific, job‐related and outcome‐based gender analysis and integration competencies, (2) a professional development capacity‐building short course based on the competencies and applications to D&H policies and programmes and (3) a professional credential that recognizes possession of these critical competencies.

성인이행기 빈곤 아동청소년 발달지원사업 성과분석: 진로성숙도 및 자아존중감에 미친 영향

성인이행기 빈곤 아동청소년 발달지원사업 성과분석: 진로성숙도 및 자아존중감에 미친 영향

Improved learning accessibility and professionalism of teachers in remote areas through mentoring development of teaching materials based on Augmented Reality

The problem that underlies the Augmented Reality-based teaching material development assistance program for teachers in remote areas is located in the gap in the progress of the quality of education between remote and urban areas caused by demanding access to cities, and the lack of knowledge and understanding of teachers in developing materials innovative teaching by utilizing current technological advancements. Community service activities aim to produce innovative teaching materials based on Augmented Reality at Muhammadiyah 4 Daun Vocational School and MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Daun Sangkapura, Bawean Island. Bawean Island is located 80 miles or 135 km north of Java. The geographical location and transportation conditions connecting Bawean and Gresik islands are the main obstacles for teachers on Bawean island to follow the development of science and technology which results in the low quality of the learning process so that it lags behind the development of information technology.
 Form of implementation of the program as a realization troubleshooting manifest in periodic and scheduled activities through a strengthening phase followed the concept of mobile learning needs analysis workshop, workshop material development, and implementation with the assistance of a team of stewards and continued application independently by the school in the implementation phase of using the steps Lesson Study as much as two cycles. The method used in the implementation of this activity is the method of discussion, workshops, and direct practice in class. Increased knowledge and ability of teachers teaching materials related to the development of innovative Augmented Reality-based and capable of producing the best practices in the implementation report the development of innovative teaching materials based Augmented Reality in learning in SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Daun and MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Daun Sangkapura, Bawean

Ireland's Foreign Aid in 2019

This paper reviews some aspects of Ireland's official development assistance (ODA) programme in 2019. It begins with an overview of the global context for development and aid last year, which is described as one of growing uncertainty that turned into global collapse. The topics covered in this year's review include: the impacts to date of the Covid-19 pandemic on global growth, global trade and global investment, as well as the increase in poverty and debt in developing countries; an overview of total ODA flows from DAC donors in 2019; a survey of attitudes of European donors, including Ireland, to the provision of ODA in 2019; the DAC peer review of Irish aid published early in 2020; an overview of some global development indices; and a description of some new approaches being adopted by the European Union in its aid policies and programmes. Preliminary data for total Irish ODA in 2019 was published in the DAC's preliminary ODA communication in April 2020. Total Irish ODA for last year on a grant-equivalent basis was US$935 million (roughly €832 million). This equals 0.31% of GNI; the same as in 2018. Irish Aid was unable to meet the DAC's annual deadline of mid-July for reporting to it, and so was also unable to provide a detailed breakdown of these data for this review. Indeed, in recognition of delays in the production of 2019 data by many DAC donors, because of difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic this year, the DAC has acknowledged that it anticipates data returns will be very late. As a result of data not being available, it is not possible to present the usual comparison tables in the review this year.