Development Of Market Economy Research Articles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of enterprise cloud computing database application and enterprise debt financing based on SVM algorithm: internal control quality analysis

The continuous deepening of the development of my country's market economy has brought more development opportunities to Chinese enterprises, which has made the development of Chinese enterprises more rapid. A financial crisis in an enterprise will bring about disastrous consequences such as investment loss, unemployment of employees, and unrecoverable credit, which will further affect the country's economic development, financial security and social stability. Therefore, the impact of corporate cloud computing database applications and corporate debt financing has attracted widespread attention, and the impact of corporate debt financing capabilities and debt financing costs have become the main issues studied in this article. This article uses scientific methods to establish an effective financial crisis early warning model, conducts an empirical analysis of the financial data of listed companies in my country, selects indicators that have a significant impact on the financial status of the enterprise, and obtains an accurate early warning classification of the financial status of the enterprise, which verifies this article The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed early warning ideas, early warning index system and early warning methods. This article also focuses on the internal risk management methods of enterprises, and makes an in-depth study on whether high-quality internal control can weaken creditors' expectations of risks caused by corporate strategic differences, thereby weakening the relationship between strategic differences and corporate debt financing. Based on the conclusions obtained, this article puts forward a number of constructive suggestions for Chinese enterprises to optimize their strategic positioning and control operating risks to alleviate financing difficulties, which have certain theoretical significance and practical value.

Adopting and Imlementation of International Finacial Reporting Standard In Iraq Atheoretical Perspective

Proper adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been inextricably linked to global financial market penetration and economic development. Yet most of the developing countries still face some challenges in its adoption. Various studies have examined the benefits and challenges of IFRS adoption.
 The organization and culture, resistance to change, knowledge of IFRS and government policy has dominated the discourse on the challenges of IFRS adoption in developing countries. As we consider the shift in discourse towards the developing countries, this paper explore the empirical analysis studies that analyzing the challenges hindering the proper adoption of IFRS, and its implication for financial market development and economic growth. This paper develops the main issues that pose a challenge to IFRS adoption in developing country like Iraq by reviewing the existing empirical evidence in the literature

CURRENT SITUATION, STRUCTURE AND MEASURES TO COUNTERACT BUSINESS CRIME IN CHINA

Entrepreneurship is the main bearer of economic activity, which is why the company is central to public life, and moreover, the entrepreneur is recognised as the soul of the company. However, some entrepreneurs, unaware of the rule of law and responsibility, take risks in areas such as corporate finance, financial management, trade and product quality, which leads to an increase in crime among entrepreneurs, which to some extent limits the development of market economies. Entrepreneurial crime as a negative social phenomenon reveals institutional weaknesses in the functioning, management, control and other links of enterprises. In order to overcome previous risks, improvement of the concept, mechanism, organisation and methods of legal risk management should be organically combined with the production and management of the enterprise in order to form a system of prevention and effective prevention of entrepreneurial crime.

The macroeconomics of COVID-19: a two-sector interpretation*

For a developed market economy, the COVID-19 crisis is a new type of crisis, but such a crisis has parallels with economies at other times, and with crises in many places. We discuss some mechanisms from the traditional macro literature and from the literature on macroeconomics for developing countries. Phenomena such as bottlenecks, rationing, forced savings, production constrained by access to inputs, liquidity constraints, sector heterogeneity, and costs running despite production being shut down, are all permanent phenomena in developing countries. During the COVID-19 crisis, however, they have also emerged as key mechanisms in developed market economies. We discuss some of these well-developed but partially forgotten mechanisms by extending simple textbook descriptions, and we provide some examples of how the effects of policy are changed in a time of crisis.

Promotion of the High-Quality Development of Data Element Markets by Competition Law

At present, Chinese data element market construction has entered a period of rapid development, which has become an important part of promoting the development of socialist market economy and deepening the reform of factor marketization. Competition mechanism is one of the basic mechanisms of market economy. The realization of the core connotation of high-quality development of data element markets needs the promotion of competition mechanism. However, there are problems in the operation of China’s data element markets at present in enterprise （operator） behavior, market structure and state （government） intervention: Firstly, the new unfair competition and monopoly behavior of enterprises in data element markets have an impact on the market competition order; secondly, the construction of regional data trading platform has the possibility of cutting off the regional market; thirdly, the government’s improper intervention in data element markets is likely to breed administrative monopoly. Therefore, how to maintain the competition order of data element markets according to its own characteristics, and then realize the scientific and efficient data circulation, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, we should solve the problems in three aspects, and promote the establishment of benign competition ecosystem of data element markets: Firstly, for the new types of unfair competition and monopoly behavior in data element markets, we should promote the identification standard of unfair competition behavior, the relevant market definition of monopoly behavior and the improvement of anti-competitive effect evaluation system, so as to build a dynamic, flexible and efficient system of competition law; secondly, we should speed up the construction of domestic unified data element markets, break the regional market barriers, and promote the construction of national data element markets, so as to realize the cross regional flow of data; thirdly, for the problem of administrative monopoly in the process of data element market construction, we should strengthen the standardization of government administrative behavior, implement the fair competition review system, improve or abolish the policies that have a negative impact on competition, accelerate the promotion of government data opening, and improve the quantity and quality of government data opening, so as to avoid the improper interference of administrative power from damaging the competition mechanism. Through the solution of the three problems, we should coordinate the interests of various parties and balance the needs of multiple values, create a scientific and reasonable competition order in data element markets, promote the effective competition , and create a data element markets.

The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment

Rodrik’s Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty, and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same problèmatique but from a different perspective, Dahrendorf’s Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this article is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik’s and Dahrendorf’s propositions. When one assesses developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that only in rare cases can the Trilemma be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesizes build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalization, liberal democracy, and social cohesion while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries, the evidence suggests that growing economic globalization can coexist with lower societal stressor levels.

CHALLENGES AND TASKS FOR THE MODERN MANAGER

The article presents the new challenges facing managers and the threats posed by modern areas of management. Given the global trends, new management technologies, other approaches to management decisions, domestic managers must implement in real life today. This is due to numerous internal and external factors that affect it. Senior managers take into account external factors that affect the organization, as it operates in conditions of instability. The main content of the work of managers is increasingly the transformation of existing knowledge into new ones and the rationalization of internal processes of creation, processing and transmission of information. For successful survival in the market and implementation of the development strategy, management must be flexible and dynamically developed. Continuous development, not only technological but also social, dynamic changes in economic conditions and increasing globalization, pose new challenges for managers, both in terms of functionality and personality. The survival of society depends on the quality of management, honesty, professionalism and values of managers and leaders. There are new requirements for modern management, new features of the manager who can effectively combine the role of a demanding boss with the participation of an inspirer, a far-sighted leader. Given the challenges of today, there is a need to outline new challenges for modern management and highlight its characteristics that have resulted from transformational processes, intellectualization of society, the growth of dynamic and unstable trends. The effectiveness of the formation and implementation of new management tasks can be ensured under at least two main conditions: it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of previous development and the current state of the economy, mentality and characteristics of the country; it should be based on the principles and mechanism of management of countries with developed market economies. This will allow in the future to integrate the domestic economy into the world economic system, to take a worthy place in it.

МОСКОВСКАЯ БИРЖА И ЕЕ ПОЗИЦИЯ СРЕДИ ВЕДУЩИХ МИРОВЫХ БИРЖ

The development of the financial market is inextricably linked to the functioning of its individual elements, including infrastructure organizations. One of the key infrastructure elements of the stock market, as part of the financial market, is the stock exchange. An exchange is a necessary component of any successful economy in the modern world that organizes trading in stock and money market instruments, precious metals, or commodities. By creating and providing conditions for the interaction of many economic entities, the exchange facilitates the transfer of capital between financial market participants, providing a huge range of related services. It is through the exchange's interaction with participants in the investment process that investment resources are concentrated in the economy of a particular state, primarily in the form of debt and equity capital of both residents and foreign investors. In countries with developed market economies, the exchange sector is the central element of the entire financial system of the state. Rapid exchange processes can have the most effective impact on the overall economic development of the country, making the exchange the main financial center. The main exchange platform of the Russian Federation is the Moscow exchange. The article analyzes the activities of the Moscow exchange, provides various indicators of its work in comparison with the largest exchanges in the world, which allows us to determine its significance for the Russian economy and the stock market of the country, and to identify its position among the world's leading exchanges.

The roles of political risk and crude oil in stock market based on quantile cointegration approach: A comparative study in China and US

This paper explores the quantile-specific short- and long-term impacts of political risk and crude oil on stock price, and tests whether the effects are different for China and the US. The recently developed method of the QARDL by Cho et al. (2015) is used to address this issue by considering any nonlinear, asymmetric and endogenous characteristics. Empirical results show that the impacts of political risk and oil price are heterogeneous across distinct stock market circumstances and economic development levels. Before 2008 crisis, Chinese stock performance is mainly positively affected by itself, whereas crude oil shock plays a vital role in the US stock in the short term; in the long term, the effects of crude oil and political risk on the Chinese stock market are significant at few quantile, while crude oil shock has an optimistic influence on the US stock when the market is bullish or bearish. After the crisis, the influence of political risk becomes more remarkable, especially for China. An interesting phenomenon is that the past performance of US stock negatively affects the current stock at medium and high quantiles. Besides, the impact mechanisms of political risk on these two stocks appear quite different characteristics. Almost all individual components can not do much on the US market. However, the effects of individual components on Chinese stock differ according to the market environments. In the pre-crisis period, the impacts of all components except government actions and investment profile abide by the classic risk-return relationship. Whereas, exactly the opposite happens after the crisis. A decrease in most of political risk components is associated with higher stock price, supporting the political risk paradox. These empirical evidences provide further insight into how political risk and crude oil shocks transmit to stock market.

Entrepreneurial environment attractiveness: a cross-country longitudinal cluster analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to explore what determines a country’s entrepreneurial environment attractiveness, by understanding how countries compare regarding their business environment and entrepreneurial opportunities and whether such aspects have changed over time.Design/methodology/approachThrough a longitudinal country-level cluster analysis of business environments (years 2001 and 2016), this study captures changes in classification of both emerging and developed market economies throughout an attractiveness spectrum, from least to most attractive environments.FindingsInteresting findings involve the difference in trajectories of emerging economies, such as India compared to the stagnation of Brazil, Argentina and South Korea in the 15-year period. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the attractiveness of the entrepreneurial environment beyond the simple notion of most and least economically developed countries by providing a framework for dynamic cross-country analysis of entrepreneurial environmental attractiveness that can be further explored, tested and expanded.Research limitations/implicationsMain limitations relate to the non-exhaustive sample of countries and variables. Contributions are both academic and managerial: helping to fill important research gaps in international entrepreneurship, namely, environmental conditions, cross-country comparisons (Coombs et al., 2009) and the understanding of elements of the investment climate (Stern, 2002); and assisting managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers understand what defines a country’s entrepreneurial environment attractiveness to better evaluate potential locations for investment.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in using cluster analysis in a longitudinal study of country attractiveness, as well as in advancing the debate of country attractiveness, by adding a temporal dimension (from factors that are less structural to more conjunctural) and a comparative dimension in a new cross-country comparison framework of analysis.

Research on Landscape Design Based on Ice and Snow Environment with the Computer aided Technology

With the rapid development of socialist market economy, people’s material life is increasingly rich, which will increase people’s demand for spiritual culture. Ice sculpture and snow sculpture are important landscapes in Northeast China, which have formed their own unique culture. Therefore, we need to study the ice and snow (hereinafter referred to as IAS) landscape design, which will get the attention of relevant units. With the rapid development of landscape design industry, landscape design based on IAS environment has become an important human custom to highlight the simplicity and enthusiasm of northern people. Firstly, this paper analyzes the origin of IAS landscape. Then, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of IAS landscape. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

Research on the Cultivation of Engineering Cost Professionals Based on the OBE Concept of Big Data Analysis

With the rapid development of market economy, high-quality applied talents have become the main demand of society, which is the key to promote the development of social economy. Under the background of transformation and development, the training of engineering cost applied talents in Colleges and universities should follow the educational law. Therefore, we should learn from advanced teaching concepts, especially the “OBE” education concept, which will better train applied talents. According to big data analysis, by integrating the “OBE” education concept, we can establish a systematic engineering cost training system for application-oriented majors, including the determination system of talent training objectives, innovative talent training mode, teaching evaluation system, and continuous improvement training mechanism. First of all, this paper analyzes the implementation characteristics of OBE education concept. Then, this paper puts forward some problems in the training of applied talents. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

Research on Sales Business Control Problem

Sales business control is an important part of the internal control of enterprises, which has a significant impact on the production, sales and management of enterprises. With the rapid development of China's market economy, the scale of enterprises is gradually expanding and the economic returns are constantly improving. However, the overall quality of sales business control is not high, which affects the development of enterprises and the realization of strategies. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the sales business control of enterprises in Our country, conducts pre-investigation and evaluation, performance assessment, incompatible job separation and sales price management, and puts forward its own views on how to improve the sales business control of enterprises.

The non-financial sector debt: Global trends

Subject. This article examines the non-financial sector debt ratio relative to the GDP of emerging and developed market economies. Objectives. The article aims to find out what institutional units show debt growth or reduction, what causes and conditions prevent debt decline or lead to its growth in different countries and sectors, and highlight the foundations of public policy in this area. Methods. For the study, I used a cross-country comparative analysis, grouping method, and graphical and trend analyses. The study covers 43 market economies, including 26 developed and 17 emerging ones. The time period is from Q4 2001 to Q4 2019. Results. The article identifies and describes the structural debt changes that have taken place since 2008, which include a reduction in private sector leverage and rising public sector debt in developed market economies, and accelerated growth in the non-financial corporations and households' debt in emerging market economies. Conclusions and Relevance. Given the different conditions of access to the capital market and the institutional differences between developed and emerging market economies, different approaches to debt management are needed. The identified trends are important to develop non-financial sector debt management policies, including both fiscal and monetary policies.

Research on Standardization Strategy of Economic Management Mode of Modern Enterprises

<p>In the process of enterprise development, the application of economic management activities will directly affect the development level of enterprises, so it is necessary to increase the standardization of its management mode. Especially under the background of fierce market competition, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the advantages and characteristics of enterprises in the economic management mode so as to better cope with various economic challenges. This paper discusses the importance of enterprise economic management innovation. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current economic management mode, and puts forward relevant standardization strategies, hoping to effectively improve the economic management level of modern enterprises, make their various economic management activities more standardized and scientific, and truly play an important role in the development of market economy.</p>

Environmental implications of changes in China's inter-provincial trade structure

Interprovincial trade structure keeps changing during the development of domestic market economy in China. As the internal circulation and environmental protection become the theme of China's future development, a shift towards more environment-friendly interprovincial trade structure should be advocated to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development. Previous studies rarely paid attention to the comprehensive influences of interprovincial trade structure change on multiple environmental impacts. Here, we constructed an analytical framework to quantify the influences of trade structure change on national and provincial CO2 emissions, land use and water consumption during 1997–2012 based on the multi-regional input-output analysis. The results showed that inter-provincial trade structure change contributed to the decline in national average carbon intensity and water use intensity, resulting in an overall decrease of CO2 emissions and water use by 313.6 million tons and 2.9 billion m3. However, interprovincial trade structure change made some water-scarce provinces (e.g., Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Jiangsu) undertake water-intensive industries, further exacerbating the uneven distribution of water resources in China. On the contrary, interprovincial trade structure change led to the increase of national average land use intensity, which increased 6.3 million hectares of land use. We suggested that the environment costs of carbon emissions should be further embodied into the commodity prices through carbon tax or carbon market, facilitating the development of low-carbon interprovincial trade structure. Besides, water-intensive industries should be transferred to water-abundant provinces by adjusting the water price in water-scarce provinces. The trade-offs between land and water resources should be made for these eastern regions that took more and more land-intensive industries, as they had high land use efficiency but scarce water resources.

Australia’s Publicly Listed Manufacturing Companies – Analysing the connection between Return on Equity (ROE) and Altman Z-Scores

Australia’s economy is considered to be a highly developed market economy and a reasonably large economy globally. This article seeks to analyse the connection between the business, or financial health, as measured by the Altman Z-Score, and corporate performance, as measured by the Return on Equity (ROE), of listed manufacturing companies in this market (the ASX or Australian Securities Exchange). A linear regression has been performed between these variables to ascertain the extent and direction of their relationships. The trends of Z-Scores over a five-year period have also been examined. The study covers the period from 2013 to 2017 (inclusive) and yields a statistically positive correlation between ROE and the Z-Score for the market. Australia registered moderate-to-strong mean and median Z-Scores. These findings further support the strong economic position of this market as a business giant.

Research on brand Positioning Validity in Xiaomi enterprise Management

With the development of market economy, fierce competition has penetrated into every aspect of the society. In the past, Chinese companies have gained a large market share by relying on the price advantage of low-priced products. However, in recent years, labor costs have been rising, environmental damage has become more serious, and independent innovation is very important in enterprise management. All these mean that what is important now is not to find ways to reduce the cost of products, but to find ways to optimize enterprise management strategy. Therefore, in the process of enterprise management, brand positioning is particularly important. First of all, on the basis of literature research, this paper puts forward two brand positioning measurement indexes, namely consistency and brand positioning performance: consistency is mainly used to test the expectations of the enterprise design image and it fits the customer image, and brand performance is mainly from the customer perspective to examine the effects of brand positioning, or used to measure the consumers' brand loyalty. Secondly, this paper selects Xiaomi as a case for empirical study, and conducts questionnaire distribution and data collection and analysis based on the case of xiaomi's enterprise management. Finally, this paper uses SPSS software to analyze the data collected to verify the consistency of brand positioning and brand positioning performance of Xiaomi in enterprise management, and also to verify the positive correlation between the two. The investigation of this paper finally confirms the validity of brand positioning of Xiaomi's enterprise management process, and also shows that the designed indicators are reasonable.

РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the research of theoretical aspects of digital economy and informatization in general, its features, problems and development trends. The article considers digital economy as a new stage in the development of market economy. The article investigates the need to transform the economy into a digital format in terms of digitalization. The essence of the terms “digital economy”, “digitalization”, “informatization” is described, it is determined that digitalization is a modern stage of informatization, differs in the use of digital technologies for generating, processing, transmitting, storing and visualizing information. The paper analyzes the need for economic transition from traditional to digital format in the context of global informatization. It is substantiated that the latest digital technologies penetrate into all spheres of economic life of society, thus influencing the economy and its essence and forming structural changes in it. As a result the formation of the digital economy as a subsystem of the traditional economy and the complete opposite of standards. Digital economy is characterized by a fairly active use of digital technologies and the turnover of specific electronic goods. The characteristic special trends of the digital economy are studied and generalized. The content of digitalization is revealed. It is established that the introduction of the digital economy in Ukraine at the initial stage. It is argued that the digital age is changing the approach to doing business, as well as the requirements for the information technology used. It is concluded that digital development is characterized by revolutionary changes, and the most important result of digitalization in modern conditions is the automation of services. People regularly work from different offices, their home, or a local coffee shop since the pandemic has pushed remote working to the fore. The 2019 pandemic has certainly fast tracked this transition in some respects, at least in the short term, but has also highlighted the need for organizations to adopt a more open minded approach to longer term digital enablement of the workforce.

От переосмысления советской модели к поиску китайского пути

The article is focused on the evolution of the approaches of the Communist Party of China’s leadership to the Soviet model; it analyzes changing accents in its understanding that dominated in different periods, and the normative conclusions made from critical understanding of the Soviet experience. In 1956, Mao Zedong called to “take the USSR as a mirror” and underscored the importance of national specifics in modernization process. Since the late 1970s, Deng Xiaoping considered the Soviet model completely outdated and ineligible to any improvement, his reforms policy excluded any possibility of China’s return to the Soviet patterns. He solved the task of taking lesson from the “Soviet warning” in economy by abandoning high centralization and rigid planning. Since the 1990s, the themes of stability of party power, amassing public support, and ability of the ruling party to respond decisively to serious crises, occupied an increasingly prominent place in the Chinese debates on the Soviet lessons. Under Xi Jinping, the attention focused on the influences of the loss of political convictions by the party members and of the spread of “historical nihilism” on the collapse of the USSR and the downfall of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The focus in rethinking of the Soviet model shifted to the spheres of control over administrative power, institutionalization of rights, fight against corruption, modernization of the governance system. The chain of continuity of China’s development course is built around the theses about the priority of national specifics and a critical attitude towards foreign experience. It is concluded that during the period of reforms, the development of market economy in China went far beyond the original framework of Soviet centralized planned economy. In the political sphere, Soviet lessons keep their relevance and serve as a justification for the course of strengthening the ideological cohesion of the ruling party.