Developing A Curriculum Research Articles

What must a lecturer/instructor (teacher) be able to do to inspire entrepreneurship and business students?

This paper discusses what a lecturer/instructor (teacher) must be able to do to inspire entrepreneurship and business students. Entrepreneurship, particularly start‐up business, has become a top priority in national government policies due to its ability to drive creativity, innovation, competitiveness,employment and growth. The goal is not to make the students rush to become entrepreneurs or business‐oriented professionals but rather provide them with tools that enable realistic self‐evaluations and learn to recognize different opportunities around them. The study seeks to define the skill sets that the inspiring entrepreneurship and business teachers consider essential to their work. Teachers expressed their views in small focus groups of their peers, i.e. other teachers. The theoretical framework consists of theories dealing with the general skill sets and expertise of the teachers. The empirical data were collected through a Finnish adaptation of the Canadian DACUM (Developing A CUrriculuM) model which is used to analyze the contents of the requirements of various occupations. A separate questionnaire has been used to support the data collection. This study indicates that most of the entrepreneurship teachers are females whose pedagogical experience seems to be more comprehensive and long lasting than their male colleagues possess. However, they are often short of practical skills. On the contrary, the male colleagues have more experience in practice but with quite narrow pedagogical skills. The female entrepreneurship teachers tend to be inspired, but they often have too little experience in practical working life. According totoday’s trend, entrepreneurship teachers are anticipated to be not only traditional teachers but also entrepreneurs with their own company.

Outcomes-Based Curriculum Model for Bachelor of Science in Mathematics

This study analyzed the existing Bachelor of Science in Mathematics Curriculum of the Bukidnon State University. The analysis started with the review followed by the proposed revision considering the internal and external factors. Internal factors included the level of difficulty, teachers, and facilities. The external factors considered the employability of the graduates, salary, and upward mobility in the position. It formulated three possible curricula with ascending variations from the existing one. Using the Total Probability Theorem (TPT), it came up with a model considered to be the most feasible curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics. Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) and Outcomes- Based Education framework were used to revise the existing curriculum.

Utilizing Secondary Agricultural Education Programs to Deliver Evidence-Based Grain Safety Training for Young and Beginning Workers

ABSTRACTPurdue University’s Agricultural Safety and Health Program (PUASHP) has collaborated with secondary agricultural education programs, including FFA Chapters, for over 70 years to deliver and promote agricultural safety and health programming. With support from a U.S. Department of Labor Susan Harwood Program grant, PUASHP utilized a Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) process to develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based curriculum for use with young and beginning workers, ages 16–20, exposed to hazards associated with grain storage and handling. The primary audience was students enrolled in secondary agricultural education programs. A review of the literature identified a gap in educational resources that specifically addresses this target population. The curriculum developed was based on fatality and injury incident data mined from Purdue’s Agricultural Confined Space Incident Database and input from a panel of experts. The process identified 27 learning outcomes and finalized a pool of test questions, supported by empirical evidence and confirmed by a panel of experts. An alignment process was then completed with the current national standards for secondary agricultural education programs. Seventy-two youth, ages 16–20, enrolled in secondary-school agricultural education programs, and a smaller group of post-secondary students under the age of 21 interested in working in the grain industry pilot tested the curriculum. Based on student and instructor feedback, the curriculum was refined and submitted to OSHA for approval as part of OSHA’s online training resources. The curriculum was delivered to 3,665 students, ages 16–20. A total of 346 pre- and post-tests were analyzed, and the results used to confirm content validity and assess knowledge gain. Findings led to additional modifications to curriculum content, affirmed knowledge gain, and confirmed appropriateness for use with secondary agricultural education programs. The curriculum has been promoted nationally and made available for free download from www.agconfinedspaces.org. Findings further confirmed the value of delivering safety programming through established programs such as secondary agricultural education programs and FFA Chapters serving youth.

Job Analysis of Korean Medicine Nurses Using the Developing a Curriculum(DACUM) Process

Job Analysis of Korean Medicine Nurses Using the Developing a Curriculum(DACUM) Process

Compatibility of Common Instructional Models With the DACUM Process

Practitioners use an expansive array of instructional design models. Although many of these models acknowledge the need for analyzing occupational roles, they do not define steps for conducting these analyses. This article reviews prominent models and provides prescriptive guidance for selecting appropriate models given a project’s (a) Product Requirements, (b) Resource Availability, and (c) Philosophical Compatibility with DACUM (Developing a CurriculUM) procedures.

맞춤형 방문건강관리사업 내 방문간호사의 직무분석

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the visiting nurses' job using Developing a curriculum (DACUM). Methods: The DACUM committee with 6 visiting nurses participated in the workshop. In this workshop, the visiting nurses role was defined and their duties and tasks were identified. After content validation via the experts, the pilot test was conducted to 78 nurses. Results: A total of 13 duties and 82 tasks were identified on the DACUM chart which represented the importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks with alphabet A, B, and C as its higher degree. Regarding duties, ‘visiting nursing for high risk group’ is the highest, while the lowest was ‘public welfare events’. Regarding to tasks, ‘discovering a new patient’ was the highest, while ‘selecting patients and offering medical supplies (nutritional supplement, patch)’ was the lowest one. Conclusion: The results showed that visiting nurses working in the visiting health care service center were doing more various duties and tasks than those working according to ‘Act on Long-term Care Insurance for the Aged’. The results can be used to develop training programs for visiting nurses and evaluation-scale of their job performance.

QI전담자의 주요 업무 및 역할 규명

Objectives: To outline overall duties of quality improvement (QI) performers within a health care organization, thus describing their key tasks, including task element-related frequency, importance and difficulty in enough detail. Methods: A DACUM (Developing A CurriculUM) workshop took place to outline overall job activities of QI performers. To examine the scope of their duty and task, we performed a questionnaire survey of 338 QI performers from 111 hospitals. Results: The results of our survey showed that for the task assigned to each QI performer, there were 10 duties, 31 tasks and 119 task elements. Respondents cited a project planning as the most frequent/important duty, and a research was the highest level of difficulty in their duty. They also said that the most frequent task was index management, the most important task was a business plan, and the highest level of difficulty was a practical application of QI research. QI performers added that the most frequent task element was receipt of patient safety reporting in patient safety system, the most important task element was an analysis for patient safety and its improvement, and the highest level of difficulty was a regional influence analysis related to the patient safety and its improvement. Conclusion: To ensure that QI performers play a pivotal role as a manager to better improve patient safety and the quality of health care services, proper training program for them should be developed by reflecting the results of our study.

전문대학 응급구조과의 국가직무능력표준(NCS) 기반 교육과정 개발 및 운영방안 연구

Purpose : Although appointed as a national competency standards (NCS) b ased reserves department, the department of emergency medical technology, an NCS-based emerge ncy department, is mainly focused on subject deduction for a NCS-based curriculum.Methods : Job models were formed and verified by combining the competen cy unit of NCS and the duty of Developing a curriculum (DACUM) based on the development procedure indicated in the guidelines for a NCS-based curriculum. The mapping method of the subject w as performed by deducting necessary competency units (duty) and competency unit elements (task) by connecting with the composition items of NCS and DACUM.Results : Job models combined with job analysis for the NCS and DACUM w ere reduced to 13 competency units (duty) and 79 competency unit elements (task). A modified method such as the 1:N method was mainly applied as a subject-matching method with consideration of the competency level and size of the competency unit.Received June 29, 2015 Revised July 22, 2015 Accepted August 19, 2015*Correspondence to Sung-Gi HongDepartment of Emergency medical technology, Dongnam Health Univ ersity, 50, Cheoncheon-ro 74-gil, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16328, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-31-245-6564 Fax: +82-31-249-6560 E-mail: emthong @dongnam.ac.kr

암 환자의 임상영양치료를 위한 임상영양사의 직무분석과 직무표준 개발

The present study was conducted to provide the basis for improvement of clinical nutrition services through development of job standards of clinical dietitian for the clinical nutrition therapy to cancer patients in hospitals. Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method was used for job analysis and development of job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care. Based on DACUM analysis, information about duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians for cancer care was collected. Developed job standards were applied to clinical nutrition care for cancer patients in hospitals for evaluation. Based on DACUM analysis, consultations from professionals, and field application tests, the final job standards were composed of four duties, 18 tasks, and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoringㆍevaluation. For cancer nutrition care, 109 work activities were developed. They were composed of 75 basic and 34 recommended work activities. The application of developed job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care at 10 hospitals showed a performance rate of 72.3%. In conclusion, job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care developed in this study might be effectively used as guidelines for providing clinical nutrition services for cancer patients in hospitals.

당뇨병 환자의 임상영양치료를 위한 임상영양사의 직무표준 개발

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to develop job standards for clinical dietitian administering clinical nutrition ther-apy to diabetic patients in hospitals. Based on DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) analysis of 17 members including clinical dietitians, professors majoring in clinical nutrition and researchers, information on duties, tasks and task elements of clinical dietitians for diabetes care were derived and applied to diabetes melli-tus-specific clinical nutrition care in hospitals for evaluation. The final developed job standards for clinical di-etitians for diabetes care included four duties, 19 tasks and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoringㆍevaluation. For application of diabetes mellitus-specific job standards in clinical nutrition care, 108 work activities were developed and clas-sified into 90 basic and 18 recommended types. Performance rates of standardized jobs were 80.2% at nu-trition assessment, 99.6% at nutrition diagnosis, 78.5% at nutrition intervention, and 32.9% at nutrition mon-itoringㆍevaluation. These results can be applied as guidelines to implement jobs for diabetes mellitus-specific clinical nutrition services in clinical settings. In addition, they would be useful for education standards in edu-cational institutions for education and training of clinical dietitian.

Development of job standards for clinical nutrition therapy for dyslipidemia patients.

Dyslipidemia has significantly contributed to the increase of death and morbidity rates related to cardiovascular diseases. Clinical nutrition service provided by dietitians has been reported to have a positive effect on relief of medical symptoms or reducing the further medical costs. However, there is a lack of researches to identify key competencies and job standard for clinical dietitians to care patients with dyslipidemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the job components of clinical dietitian and develop the standard for professional practice to provide effective nutrition management for dyslipidemia patients. The current status of clinical nutrition therapy for dyslipidemia patients in hospitals with 300 or more beds was studied. After duty tasks and task elements of nutrition care process for dyslipidemia clinical dietitians were developed by developing a curriculum (DACUM) analysis method. The developed job standards were pretested in order to evaluate job performance, difficulty, and job standards. As a result, the job standard included four jobs, 18 tasks, and 53 task elements, and specific job description includes 73 basic services and 26 recommended services. When clinical dietitians managing dyslipidemia patients performed their practice according to this job standard for 30 patients the job performance rate was 68.3%. Therefore, the job standards of clinical dietitians for clinical nutrition service for dyslipidemia patients proposed in this study can be effectively used by hospitals.

권역별 심뇌혈관질환센터 코디네이터 직무분석

Purpose: This study was to analyze the job of coordinators working in the regional cardiocerebrovascular center. Methods: Using Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) method, the role of coordinators was defined and their duties and tasks were identified. The developed duties and tasks were classified and validated according to importance, difficulty, and frequency of the job. Results: A coordinator is defined as a clinical nurse specialist affiliated in a cardiocerebrovascular center. The coordinator is responsible for managing the major critical pathway to provide adequate medical service and providing education to the patient with myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular attack admitted via emergency room for prevention and management of disease. Ten duties and sixty-nine tasks were identified on the DACUM chart which represented the importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks showed as A, B, C respectively. Based on determinant coefficient of the task, the highest ranked task was 'analysis for variation of CP' and the lowest was'investing the articles in stock'. Conclusion: The results of study showed that coordinators were doing various duties and tasks and they felt burden from their work and were in confusion. The results of this study can be used to develop training programs for coordinators and evaluation-scale of the coordinators' job performance as the basic data.

데이컴 기법에 의한 1급 응급구조사 직무분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extended job of paramedic after the 1st job description in 2000 by the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board. Methods: This study was carried out from May 2012 to July 2013 on the Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method to analysts 330 responses among 400 questionnaires (response rate 82.5%) after analysing 30 pilot questionnaires. In order to enhance validity and reliability of this job description, 2 job analysts in universities and 10 EMT-Paramedics in hospitals and fire stations were recruited. Results: There were differences between 166 (year 2000) and 240 (2012) in task element. There were higher answering at triaging patient(2.64 frequency, 4.15 importance), calling for help(2.68 frequency, 4.07 importance) in disaster emergency care. There were higher answering at measuring vital sign (3.95 frequency, 4.22 importance), measuring ECG(3.84 frequency, 4.14 importance), wound care(3.48 frequency, 3.86 importance), bleeding control & wound care(3.46 frequency, 3.86 importance), applying O2(3.40 frequency, 3.94 importance) in physician assistant. Conclusion: Scope of extended practice as a physician assistant in hospital setting recommended us to replace the present curriculum and national exam with new curriculum and national written & skill test.

Job Analysis and Curriculum Development for Gambling Addiction Prevention Counselors based on DACUM

Purpose: Recently, gambling problem have increased in Korea and the prevalence rate is much higher than in western countries. Prevention of gambling addiction is very important at this point, but we have no accreditation or certification system for gambling addiction prevention counselors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the job and to develope a curriculum for Gambling Addiction Prevention Counselor (GAPC). Methods: The definition of GAPC, job analysis and curriculum development were done based on developing a curriculum (DACUM) method. Results: The duties performed by GAPC are categorized as planning & implementing, public education, outcome evaluation and professional development, which are classified into 8 tasks. The curriculum for training GAPC had 20 lectures covering 6 subjects: Introduction to gambling addiction, Prevention policy & institute, Methods of prevention education, Development of prevention programs, Prevention programs for target population, Empowerment for prevention counselors. Among the total 50 hours, 27 were for theory and 23 for practice. The mean of CVI (Content Validity Index) was 77 by multidisciplinary professional panels. Conclusion: The specific tasks for gambling addiction prevention activities can be identified and curriculum developed for utilization in training GAPCs.

Industry-based Skills Standards for Building Operators—A Business Case

ABSTRACT Although there is growing evidence that a skilled workforce and high performance building processes are fundamental to a profitable corporate energy management strategy, current training frameworks lack performance specifications that identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities that operations and maintenance (O&M) personnel need to implement energy management goals. This article examines industry-defined skill standards for building operators (O&M personnel), recently identified in a joint collaboration between the Northwest Energy Efficiency Council, Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, Northwest Energy Alliance, and City University of New York's Building Performance Lab supported by the Department of Energy. The Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) method was used to identify job tasks processes. The skill standards present the core skills required for building personnel to operate a high-performing facility in today's commercial built environment, focused on improving facility energy usage and ma...

A Study of Information Literacy for Social Change

The aim of this study was to establish information literacy competence standards among vocational education students for social change. The past-industrialized society has evolved into an information and knowledge-oriented society. Therefore, students need to polish their information literacy before they confront such a rapidly changing society. To establish these standards a set of DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) process and modified Delphi method were employed. Seven participants including field scholars, information professionals were invited to the DACUM committee for open discussions on definitions the items of information literacy competence. A questionnaire for the Delphi method was developed based on the results acquired from the DACUM process. After three rounds of Delphi method with these participants, the “information literacy competence standards for vocational education students” was established. Four levels and thirty two sub-items were identified.

Job Analysis of Clinical Research Coordinators Using the DACUM Process

This study was done to analyze the job of clinical research coordinators (CRCs). Through the "developing a curriculum (DACUM)" workshop, the definition of CRCs' role was described and CRCs' duties and tasks were identified. Finally, the developed duties and tasks were validated for importance, difficulty, and frequency. A CRC is defined as the one who coordinates and performs tasks related to clinical research/trials among investigators, participants, and sponsors according to the Good Clinical Practice at institutions conducting clinical trials. Twelve duties and 78 tasks were identified on the DACUM chart which represented the importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks represented as A, B, and C respectively. Based on determinant coefficient (DC) of the task, the highest ranked task was confirming the eligibility of participants for research (DC=8.03) and the lowest was inventory management for clinical study materials (3.95). In this study, the job of a CRC was analyzed through the DACUM process and it was found that CRCs were doing various duties and tasks. Based on these results, it is suggested that it is necessary to develop CRC education programs considering the career ladder of CRCs.

데이컴 (DACUM)기법을 이용한 의료급여관리사의 직무분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the standards for duty of Medical Care Client Managers and analyze the extent of accomplishment, importance, and difficulty according to the standards. Methods: The draft for duty of Medical Care Client Managers was formed by the method of developing a curriculum (DACUM) and data were collected from 185 Medical Aid Client Managers in 234 areas to evaluate the actual frequency of accomplishment, importance and difficulty in comparison with the standards for duties. Results: The standard duty draft for Medical Care Client Manager is composed of five separate groups of duties and thirty five tasks. The five duties are Case Management, Extension Approval, External Cause of Injury, Duplicate Claims and Other Administrations. Seven Tasks are allocated to each duty such as Case Management, Extension Approval and External Cause of Injury. Five tasks are allocated to 'Duplicate Claims' duty and nine tasks are allocated to 'Other Administrations' duty. Conclusion: From the results of analysis for duties, it was apprehensive about overburdened responsibilities and carelessness in professional duties. It was necessary to establish specific guidelines for duties because of redundent application or regional variation in frequency of accomplishing other administrative duties. It was necessary to relieve a regional disparity of business charge and also was necessary to propose an alternative plan to relieve the overburdened responsibilities.

Use of a Stakeholder-Driven DACUM Process to Define Knowledge Areas for Food Protection and Defense

One of the important areas of vulnerability that has been repeatedly identified following the events of September 11, 2001 is the potential for an intentional attack on America’s food supply. Despite the importance of equipping professionals to protect our nation’s food supply, educators face a scarcity of information on which to base food protection and defense curricula and training development efforts. This research sought to identify a set of knowledge content areas required by food protection and defense professionals. A Developing A CurriculUM (DACUM) process was employed to create a job task analysis that identified duties, tasks, steps, and associated knowledge, skills, and abilities for this occupational category. The knowledge areas identified during the DACUM process and validated through a stakeholder survey were used to frame the program for a training workshop and computer simulation in which participants responded to a mock intentional food contamination event. Results of this process can serve as foundational elements that can be shaped by instructional and curricular design experts to create educational programs in food protection and defense for graduate students and in-service professionals.

The Competencies Required by Professional Hospice Palliative Care Spiritual Care Providers

The Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association (2002) identifies spiritual care of the dying and their families as a core service for Hospice Palliative Care programs. Yet, until the Spiritual Care Development Initiative of the Canadian Pallium Project, there was no published literature indicating systematic profiling of occupationally relevant core competencies or competency-based training programs specific to this specialized field of practice. This article describes a Canadian Community of Practice process to develop an occupational analysis-based competency profile for the Professional Hospice Palliative Care Spiritual Care Provider utilizing a modified Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) methodology. Competency profiles are important contributions to the development of curricula to train care providers who are recognized by other professions and by institutions as possessing the requisite theoretical and clinical expertise, particularly in academic tertiary care settings.