Developed Test Kit Research Articles

Development and Performance Evaluation of a New Test Kit for Quantifying the Degree of DNA Fragmentation.

PCR-based genetic testing of agricultural products and foods is widely used for detecting various analytical targets such as genetically modified organisms and food allergens. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate genetic testing results from processed foods because DNA is fragmented by heat and pressure during food processing. Thus, we previously developed an analytical method to quantitatively evaluate the degree of DNA fragmentation for the purpose of QC of genetic testing for processed foods. Our previous analytical method requires four PCR primer sets, resulting in high reagent costs and heavy analytical workloads. Therefore, we attempted to develop an easy-to-use test kit for quantifying the degree of DNA fragmentation and to evaluate its analytical performance. To simplify the analysis procedure, we used only two primer sets. In addition, no-fragmentation control templates were prepared to obtain stable measurement results. The precision of the simplified analysis was evaluated through blind tests between laboratories. It was confirmed that plant species and extracted DNA concentrations had little effect on analysis with the newly developed test kit. In addition, the analytical values indicating the degree of DNA fragmentation exhibited small variability between laboratories. We confirmed the high practicality of the developed test kit. Because DNA fragmentation in cells is a universal phenomenon, we anticipate that the test kit will be used not only for QC of genetic testing but also for food testing, medical diagnostics, and other applications in a range of fields. The newly developed test kit enables quantitative evaluation of the degree of DNA fragmentation in a simple manner.

Development of an organophosphate and carbamate pesticide test kit by using a magnetic particle coated with esterase enzyme from honey bee heads

Organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CMs) play a vital role in Thai agriculture, public health, and pest control. However, their detection presents challenges due to expensive methods requiring specialized expertise. Addressing this gap, our study introduces an innovative, cost-effective method for detecting OPs and CMs in Thailand. We utilized the test kit by using magnetic particles coated with esterase enzymes from honey bee heads combined with a colorimetric approach. The developed test kit shows low limits of detection (LODs) at 0.001 mg/L of dichlorvos (OPs) and 0.004 mg/L for carbaryl (CMs). The efficiency of the developed test kits in comparison with the standard technique of gas chromatography with flame photometry detection (GC-FPD) shows a comparable result in fruit and vegetable residue analysis. This developed test kit proposes a cost-effective OPs and CMs analysis test kit for Thailand, promising expense reduction and simplified verification processes. Its applicability to fruits and vegetables signifies practicality in agriculture, marking a significant advancement in accessible and efficient pesticide residue monitoring. Despite challenges in pesticide use, our method holds promise for improving safety and efficiency in Thai pesticide management.Graphical

Problems Faced by English Teacher Candidates in Developing Test Kits for Assessing Students’ Learning

Background: Learning assessment has been left behind compared to other components of teaching such as instructional methods or media development. This paper aims to describe problems faced by English teacher candidates studying at the English Education Department of a university in Java, Indonesia in developing test kits for assessing students’ learningMethodology: This study is qualitative in nature. The investigation involved 28 teacher candidates taking two sequential courses on testing namely English Learning Assessment and English Language Learning Test Development who were then asked to write a set of English learning achievement tests as their end-of-class mini project. A total of 1052 multiple choice questions were analyzed by three investigators to reveal the teacher candidates’ problems in developing test kits. Problems are reported and described quantitatively. Findings: The study reveals that the students face difficulties in formulating test kit formats, stems, options, and texts.Conclusion: Recommendations include education for writing test questions and improving or revising the learning syllabus and materials of the above-mentioned courses on language learning assessment Originality: The number of questions or participants can be improved as well as the scope of analysis to make the study more reliable.

All-Step-in-One Test Kit for Paraquat Detection in Water and Vegetable Samples

This work presents the first development of an all-steps-in-one test kit for the determination of paraquat in natural water, and vegetable and agricultural samples. A handheld photometer incorporated with a magnetic stirrer was used to complete the steps of extraction, mixing, and detection. Paraquat produces a blue free radical ion via a reduction with sodium dithionite in alkaline conditions. Sodium dithionite powder was investigated for the enhancement of reagent stability duration, which was added directly into sample solution that showed insignificant difference in sensitivity as compared with that of the solution format of sodium dithionite. The developed test kit showed good performance with the linear calibration of 0.5 to 10 mg L−1 with a high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.9947). The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ = 3SD of intercept per slope) carried out from the method using the handheld photometer was 0.50 mg L−1. The limit of detection (LOD) by naked eye was 0.30 mg L−1. The recovery study was acceptable in the range of 101–115%. Intraday (n = 3) and interday (n = 3) precision was less than 1%. On the basis of the significance test at the 95% confidence interval, quantitative results of the developed test kit agreed well with those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an online extraction for vegetables incorporated into a test kit, applicable for on-site analysis. Single-point calibration based on the Beer–Lambert law also demonstrated the measurement of paraquat. In testing with a nominal standard solution of 5.00 mg L−1 paraquat, the reading concentration was 5.09 ± 0.03 mg L−1 paraquat (n = 20) with a K value of 0.0967 (close to the slope of multipoint calibration). This research is a direct benefit to agricultural products and the health of a population for the analysis of pesticides and herbicides.

Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite for selective and sensitive cyanide determination in food samples through catalytical colorimetry using a paper-based test kit

A paper-based test kit for selective and sensitive determination of cyanide was successfully developed using a Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite for catalytic colorimetry. The Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite synthesized via a one-step chemical bath method could instantly oxidize the chromogenic substrate ABTS for the color development under acidic conditions without the requirement of H2O2. During the detection step, cyanide in the sample was converted into gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using sulfuric acid. The HCN species then reacted with the generated Ag+ species via coordinate covalent bonding to form silver cyanide complex ions [Ag (CN2)]-. The amount of Ag+ species used for oxidizing ABTS subsequently decreased and so did the color intensity on the paper-based test kit. Specifically, the color intensity decreased with increasing cyanide concentrations in the range of 2.50–20.0 mg L−1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.48 mg L−1 and 1.59 mg L−1, respectively. The developed test kit showed relatively high selectivity towards cyanide and high tolerance towards other cations and anions present in real samples. When applied to real samples including fruit juices and food products, the performance of the rapid and low-cost test kit was well validated by a conventional precipitation titration method.

Development of the test kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera of susceptible animals

The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a pandemic, and has also been reported in animal populations – in farm minks, dogs and felines: domestic cats, lions and tigers. The susceptibility of some animal species to the SARS-CoV-2 has been proven by experimental infection. Serological methods are effectively used to detect the infection in animals. Currently, methods such as neutralization test, immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay are used to detect antibodies to coronaviruses. Thanks to these studies, a test kit was developed based on an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera of susceptible animals. The use of a purified concentrated inactivated virus as an antigen allows the detection of antibodies to various SARS-CoV-2 immunodominant proteins (S and N). The reaction conditions were optimized, and a positive-negative threshold was established by testing of 154 negative sera from animals of six species (ferrets, minks, foxes, arctic foxes, cats and dogs). The method reproducibility analysis showed that the average value of the variation coefficient did not exceed 7%, which is an acceptable value. The specificity and sensitivity of the neutralization test, when testing 30 sera from ferrets was 100 and 92.6%, respectively. The high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity shown by testing of 50 serum samples from minks, foxes, cats and dogs with different immune status, allow us to recommend the developed test kit for screening and monitoring tests and post-vaccination immunity control.

Steering the Private Sector in COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Kit Development in South Korea.

Responsive private sector engagement in developing test kits for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in South Korea offers a valuable case study in public–private partnership and infectious disease governance. Korean biotech firms promptly developed diagnostic test kits, and the nation achieved capacity to test more than 20,000 people daily. This was a direct result of the continuous application of lessons learned from the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2015. South Korea had been strengthening the private sectors' infectious disease governance and response capacity, creating various new constructive pathways toward public–private partnership. Regulatory amendments were made to better liaise with the private sector. Government-led investment had increased in the research and development of testing technologies over the past 5 years. Furthermore, the Korean government had introduced fast-tracking approval, allowing open competition for more than 20 domestic biotech companies to develop test kits. An overview of test kit governance informs us of the importance of public–private partnership for pandemic threats.

Trends in MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Diagnosis Strategies: A Patent Review.

The emergence of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak represents a challenge for the diagnostic laboratories responsible for developing test kits to identify those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods with rapid and accurate detection are essential to control the sources of infection, to prevent the spread of the disease and to assist decision-making by public health managers. Currently, there is a wide variety of tests available with different detection methodologies, levels of specificity and sensitivity, detection time, and with an extensive range of prices. This review therefore aimed to conduct a patent search in relation to tests for the detection of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The greatest number of patents identified in the search were registered between 2003 and 2011, being mainly deposited by China, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Most of the patents used the existing RT-PCR, ELISA, and isothermal amplification methods to develop simple, sensitive, precise, easy to use, low-cost tests that reduced false-negative or false-positive results. The findings of this patent search show that an increasing number of materials and diagnostic tests for the coronavirus are being produced to identify infected individuals and combat the growth of the current pandemic; however, there is still a question in relation to the reliability of the results of these tests.

Development and Investigation of Diagnostic Efficiency of a Test Kit for the Detection of IgM-antibodies to Individual Antigens of Rubella Virus by Immunoblotting (Western Blot)

Relevance . During serological diagnosis of rubella by enzyme immunoassay (detecting IgM), it is possible to obtain an indefinite or false-positive result. In this case, is needed an additional confirmatory test. It can be carried out by immune blotting, which allows detecting antibodies to specific rubella antigens. To date, in the Russian Federation, there is no such kit of reagents, which makes its development quite actual. Aim . The aim of this research was the development of a Russian test kit for detecting IgM-antibodies to individual rubella virus antigens by immune blotting (Western blot format). Materials and methods . Production of immunosorbent for a new test kit included electrophoresis of the native rubella virus lysate in a polyacrylamide gel to separate proteins by molecular weight and transfer (blotting) of separated proteins onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Investigation of sensitivity and specificity of the new test kit was carried with standard panels of serums containing and not containing IgM to the rubella virus, and with clinical samples characterized by the ELISA method. Results and its discussion . As a result of this work, was designed a Russian test kit that allowed detection IgM-antibodies to individual rubella virus antigens by immune blotting. This test kit has analytical sensitivity and specificity -100%, diagnostic sensitivity - at least 99.61% and diagnostic specificity - and at least 99-99%. The diagnostic efficiency is not less than 99.5%. Conclusion . The developed test kit has high rates of analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, as well as high diagnostic efficiency. It is intended for confirmatory research in the diagnosis of rubella infection.

Developing and Testing a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify and Quantify Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Viruses.

The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) known as Bovine orthopneumovirus according to the international classification is one of the most important etiological agents of respiratory diseases in calves. At present, rapid and reliable methods to detect and measure the concentrations of this pathogen are needed. The objectives of the survey are developing the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify and quantify the BRSV RNA and, based on it, determining the number of the virus genomes in the respiratory tract of sick animals during the disease outbreaks. The nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of the virus served as the target for amplification. Messenger RNA (mRNA) of bovine GAPDH was used as a reference gene. A panel of positive control samples at known concentrations was used to estimate the virus and GAPDH numbers. The concentration of viral RNA extracted from the biomaterial samples was quantified relative to the bovine GAPDH mRNA level. The analytical sensitivity of PCR demonstrating high specificity and reproducibility was 1 × 103 genome equivalents per 1 cm3. All 273 samples of biological material taken from the animals with the respiratory diseases were analyzed. The virus genome was detected in 19.4% of samples. The viral RNA was more frequently detected in the lungs, which comprised 10.61% of positive samples. It was less frequently found in the mucous membranes of trachea and bronchi and the lymph nodes of the lungs, which comprised 0.73% of positive samples each. Concentrations of the virus in samples varied. The highest concentration was recorded in the lungs (1.3 ± 0.5—4.8 ± 0.47 log10 copies of BRSV/GAPDH RNA). The developed test kit may be used to quantify the concentration of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus in disease pathogenesis and to estimate the efficiency of vaccine or antivirus preparations for animals.

Global Status of COVID-19 Diagnosis: An Overview

Since the beginning of the New Year 2020, countries around the world are stumbling due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Better approaches of diagnostics and medical facilities have helped some countries recover early. Previous exposures to epidemics have imparted lessons to handle such a pandemic with a high level of preparedness. The World Health Organization (WHO) and national health authorities are taking great efforts via efficient and impactful interventions to contain the virus. Diagnostic tests such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction are increasingly being used to confirm the diagnosis because testing biological samples for the presence of the virus is the definitive method to identify the disease, analyze the risk for transmission, and determine whether someone has been cured or not. It is also important to screen asymptomatic individuals to get the exact overview of the virus spread. Antibody detection plays a pivotal role in diagnosis; however, using it at the wrong time yields negative results and conveys dissenting opinion about the tests. Although the scaling up of testing has been significant, overall testing has been limited by the availability of diagnostics. Rapid diagnoses and discontinuation of transmission are keys to ending this pandemic. Diagnostics manufacturers are developing test kits and distributing them to different countries. Therefore, more than 500 commercial test kits for molecular- and immunoassays, most with Emergency Use Authorization, are now becoming available in the market. In this review, we discuss the importance of diagnostics, approaches of different countries toward the epidemic, global testing situation, and lessons to countries at the start of the epidemic for better preparedness.

Dual Detection Highly Selective Colorimetric Chemosensors for Fluoride and Copper(II) Ions Based on Imine-Phenol Derivative

A simple dual detection using colorimetric chemosensor, imine-phenol derivative L (bearing a 2-iminephenol group as a binding unit and a-nitrophenylazo group as a signaling unit), were synthesized for a high yield in two simple steps. Complexations of chemosensor L with various anions in acetonitrile solvent and other metal ions in DMSO/H2O solvent were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. The results indicated that the chemosensor L showed high selectivity for F− and Cu2+ ions. Furthermore, the complexes for L-F− and L-Cu2+ were evaluated by computational chemistry using a B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and a B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of calculation. The complexes between L with F− and Cu2+ were magenta and yellow colored, respectively. Chemosensor L can be applied for the analysis of F− and Cu2+ ions with naked-eye detection making colour comparisons between the standard and the real sample. Most importantly, semi-qualitative detection of Cu2+ in water solution were successfully carried out with the developed test kit using chemosensor L.

First results of application of an enzyme immunoassay in the serological diagnostics of infection caused by herpesvirus type 7.

HHV-7 (Human Herpes virus type 7) is a relatively recently discovered, ubiquitous beta herpes virus. In Russia, the diagnosis of HHV-7 infection is carried out by PCR, which determines the DNA in serum or plasma, if there are clinical indications. Laboratory serological tests for HHV-7 are not performed. Currently, in the scientific literature, information on clinical studies of HHV-7 infection, its epidemiology, and its role in the etiopathogenesis of various diseases is insufficient. This article presents the results of the development of a test kit "ELISA-HHV-7-IgG", designed to detect specific IgG to HHV-7 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Studies of the sensitivity and specificity of the developed test kit, including potential cross-reactive samples positive for other herpesvirus infections, were carried out. In the context of serological diagnostics, we studied samples of the sera of children (n = 167) and old people (n = 238) for the presence of IgG to HHV-7 with confirmation of the results in the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and the immune blotting reaction. The research results are evidence of the possibility of using the developed test kit for serological diagnosis of HHV-7 infection.

Elaboration of diagnostic means for detection antibodies to Newcastle disease virus

ObjectiveA test kit for the detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus(NDV) based on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay has beendeveloped and introduced into practice for the first time in Ukraine.IntroductionNewcastle disease (ND) is the most important infectious viraldisease of poultry. The world-wide economic loss from it is 2-3billion USD per year. ND is reportable to the World Organizationfor Animal Health (OIE). ND is caused by virulent strains of avianParamyxoviruses belonging to type 1. Industrial poultry farmingis rapidly developing in Ukraine. Ornithological fauna of Ukraineincludes about four hundred species of birds, 207 of which nestwithin its borders. The territory of Ukraine transits 3 out of 14transcontinental global migration flows. The wild birds are themain natural reservoir of ND agents. It is necessary to control theintensity of post-vaccination immunity in poultry and the timing ofrevaccinations. OIE recommends enzyme linked immunosorbentassays (ELISA) and HI test for these purposes [1]. However, it shouldbe noted that HI test, possessing high specificity and sensitivity, ismuch cheaper. Therefore, it is the excellent means for ND timelysurveillance.MethodsDuring the development of a new diagnostic kit, we used thereference strain “La-Sota”, which was obtained from the NationalCenter of Microorganism Strains of Ukraine. We have producedhaemagglutinating antigen using embryonated SPF fowl eggs and10-11 day incubation. A dilution of the virus was inoculated in0.1 ml volumes into the allantoic cavity and incubated at 35-37° Cfor 80-96 hours. For the purpose of NDV inactivation, we usedaminoethyleneimine at the final concentration of 0.1%. Positive serumwas prepared by immunizing 60-day-old chickens with live virus onceand by inactivated virus twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Negativeserum was obtained from healthy birds that did not contain antibodiesto NDV. The investigated blood sera were inactivated by heating(56 C/30 minutes). Samples of 1% suspension of chicken erythrocytesin phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0-7.1) were used in HI tests.ResultsThe specific haemagglutination activity of the obtained antigenamounted to 10-11 log2.The test was performed using the 4HA unitsof the antigen. Positive control serum activity was in the range of 7-9log2. Negative control serum did not give results of more than 2 log2.The estimation of the quality indexes of the components of thediagnostic test-kit was performed using harmonized methods. In orderto examine sensitivity and specificity of HI test kits, antigens and serafrom commercial diagnostic kits were used. Also, certified negativecontrol serum and samples of International Standard sera were used,which were obtained from reference laboratories, namely againstthe following pathogens: Avian Influenza A (H5), Avian InfluenzaA (H7), Egg Drop Syndrome'76 Virus, Paramyxoviruses of 2 and3 serotypes, Reovirus, Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis, AvianInfectious Bronchitis Virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and NDV.In order to ensure a high degree of specificity for the antigen,special attention was given to the selection of a stabilizer for freeze-drying (the subject of a patent).Comparison between the national diagnostic test kit for HI andcommercial ELISA kit (IDEXX) in the evaluation of humoralimmune response to ND in vaccinated chickens was investigatedby examining of serum samples (n=152). Statistical analysis of datashowed that the correlation coefficient for the results of both tests was0.92. The relative sensitivity of HI test kit was 93.5% and the relativespecificity - 91.5%.The developed test kit was successfully used for the examinationof field samples. We developed regulatory documents, completed theprocedure of validation and registration in Ukraine of the commercialHI test kit for the detection of antibodies to NDV.ConclusionsThe use of the national standardized diagnostic test kit based onHI for detection of antibodies to NDV allows assessing the post-vaccination antibodies level that helps to maintain the disease-freestatus of the Ukrainian poultry industry with regard to ND.

Simple test kit based on colorimetry for quantification of magnesium content in natural rubber latex by miniaturized complexometric titration without using masking agent

A simple, low-cost and portable field test kit based on colorimetry with detection by naked eye was developed for determination of magnesium content in natural rubber latex (NRL). The miniaturized complexometric titration between Mg2+ and EDTA without any masking agent was a key reaction in this development, which was designed according to the concept of green chemistry by reduction of waste generation and chemical and time consumption. The system enabled quantification of magnesium content in NRL at low concentration with the detection limit being <50 mg L−1, small sample volume uptake (0.18 g, sampling by a small spoon) and use of <1.5 mL reagent volume which was >70 times less than that applied in the conventional method. Moreover, with the presence of potential interference ions, greater selectivity towards magnesium was observed. Furthermore, the reagents used in our developed test kit were stable for >6 months at room temperature. The results obtained on real samples were in agreement with those obtained from the conventional complexometric titration (ISO 17403: 2014(E)) method. The proposed technique provides a low-cost, rapid, simple, selective and on-site analysis of magnesium content in NRL.

Poly vinyl alcohol cryogel as a selective test kit for pre and post blast trinitrotoluene

A cryogel test kit was successfully developed for the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) entrapped within a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel matrix acted as the colourimetric reagent. The PVA cryogel TNT test kit was fabricated within a micro-PCR tube to which the sample solution could be directly added for in-tube detection. This made the developed test kit small and easily portable. The test kit was used to demonstrate the rapid quantitative analysis of TNT in soil sample in conjunction with digital image colourimetry. The digital image of the colourimetric product from the test kit was captured using the built-in digital camera of a mobile phone. Red-Green-Blue (RGB) colour data from the digital image was used as the analytical data to establish a calibration graph for the target analyte using a series of TNT standard solutions. The concentrations of TNT detected in post-blast soil samples by the test kit were in good agreement to values obtained using spectrophotometric detection and method validation indicated good precision both for intra- and inter-day (2.77–4.21%RSD and 3.34–7.82%RSD, respectively). The TNT test kit could be stored for almost 3 months in a freezer exhibiting only a −0.73% change in intensity of green channel. The test kit was also reusable and after nine uses only a 0.8% change in intensity of green channel was evident. These results demonstrate that the PVA cryogel TNT test kit has the potential to be used for TNT detection in a complex sample matrix. When the test kit was used in combination with digital image colourimetry, it provided an ideal novel platform for the rapid quantitative analysis of TNT in post blast samples.

Arsenic test kit in medicinal plant products

The contamination of arsenic in medicinal plant products could be either intentional for alleged medicinal or accidental purposes. Arsenic test kit was developed on the basis of Gutzeit reaction that generates arsine gas which is then captured with silver nitrate. Quantitation of arsenic was done by comparison of the color of arsenic and silver nitrate with a developed standard arsenic color tab. Limit of detection of the test kit was 0.4 ppm that is below the 4 ppm-FDA allowable legal contamination in medicinal products of Thailand. The developed test kit was validated through an inter-laboratory comparison performed in 124 samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry as a conventional standard method. The result revealed acceptable percentage of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy that were 85.71, 86.46 and 86.29 respectively. Satisfaction of the test kit was also evaluated among the inter-laboratories. The data also showed the practical usefulness of test kit. In addition, concerning the test kit convenience, accessories and packaging 51.52% were also highly satisfied. The procedure time is only 7–10 minutes. Moreover, the kit shelf life was also evaluated. It could be kept both at room temperature and 4 oC for 6 and 12 months respectively. This Arsenic test kit is therefore appropriate to use for quality control by medicinal plant product manufacturers and for customer protection by responsible personnel from all public and private agencies.

Simulation of m-Sequence’s Properties Through MATLAB-SIMULINK

Based on an analytical study of the theory of m-sequences, a tool is developed to facilitate practicing engineers to either generate m-sequence for its application, or to test applied m-sequence, or both. The developed test–kit simulates all the properties of m-sequences including number of 1s and 0s, the run lengths, pulse periods as well as autocorrelation properties. This simplified tool is developed using MATLAB–SIMULINK with required codes as well as desired blocks. The model is cost-effective and the output files of the generated SIMULINK models can be utilized in any software program or simulation procedures.

免疫クロマト法による犬パルボウイルス抗原検出キットの作製とその有用性の検討

A newly developed test kit for detecting canine parvovirus (CPV) antigens in feces employs the immunochromatography method with a monoclonal antibody against the virus. It has been shown to be reactive with CPV type 2 and CPV subtypes 2a and 2b but not with the 5 other major infectious viruses in dogs. Since it enabled us to detect CPV antigens from the feces of experimentally CPV-infected dogs, this kit is considered a simple diagnostic tool for detecting CPV in small-animal practice.

ELISA screening of staphylococcal enterotoxins by means of a specially developed test kit

The development of a new test kit for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins is described. This polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is designed for qualitative and quantitative rapid detection of toxin serotypes A, B, C (subgroup 1), D and E in one test system. Results are obtained in 60 min. The lower limit of detection is 0.5 ng/ml; the precision is 90%.