National Development Research Articles

Educational Equity from A Global Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and American Educational Systems

In the context of deepening globalization, educational equity, as an important cornerstone of social progress and national development, has attracted wide attention from countries around the world. With the title of "Educational Equity from a Global Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and American Educational Systems", this paper aims to explore different approaches to educational equity and their effects by comparing the two educational systems. With the support of national policies, China's education system has experienced rapid development and change. The Chinese government has long been committed to the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", which has not only greatly improved the popularization of basic education, but also made remarkable progress in the field of higher education. At the same time, measures such as the poverty alleviation policy and distance education platform for poor areas have effectively narrowed the gap in educational resources between urban and rural areas and between regions, reflecting the government's great importance and active practice of education equity. In contrast, the American education system is characterized by decentralized management, coexistence of private and public schools, and emphasis on multicultural and innovative entrepreneurship education. In promoting educational equity, the United States strives to provide equal educational opportunities for students from different backgrounds through special education programs and social participation. However, school district choice and school district housing issues are still one of the important factors affecting educational equity. Through the comparative analysis of the policy orientation and actual results of educational equity in the two educational systems, this study finds that although China and the United States have different national conditions, there are many common points in the pursuit of educational equity. In the future, the two countries can strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, learn from each other's advantages, jointly optimize the education system, further enhance the equity of education, and contribute to the development of global education.

Partnerships for Sustainable Development: a Quintuple Helix Framework for Research, Innovation, and Extension in Philippine State Universities

Objectives: This study investigates the potential use of the Quintuple Helix Model in strengthening Research, Innovation and Extension (RIE) functions among State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. It assesses the dynamics between SUCs, the government, industry, and civil society, as well as the natural environment. Method: This study conducts a systematic review of literature and government reports: data from peer-reviewed journals, policy documents, and publications of various key agencies such as the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) are analyzed. Patterns, gaps and opportunities based on Quintuple Helix were coded using thematic and content analysis. Results and Discussion: SUCs are identified as central to knowledge generation and transformation of society, but their potential is dependent on three interlinked factors; inadequate infrastructures, limited funding and fragmented policies. Theoretical collaborations, from technology transfer processes to community engagement efforts, shed light on the potential of partnerships across different sectors manifested as experimental projects, though persistent challenges present as intellectual property troubles or misaligned interests often hinder successful cooperation. Research Implications: The research highlights the need for coordinated investments in infrastructure, skills and governance reforms. Public-private Partnerships and inter-disciplinary research are then recommended to maximize SUCs contribution to sustainable development. Originality/Value: This study presents a corroborated discourse on the application of the Quintuple Helix Model in the Philippine context of SUCs, its results can yield practical insights, and scalable strategies to enhance the functions of RIE, thus serving as a valuable reference for policymakers, educators, and researchers.

Effectiveness of the Federal ‘Clean Air’ Project to Improve Air Quality in the Most Polluted Russian Cities

An unavoidable adverse consequence of industrial development is the contamination of urban atmospheres. Deterioration of air quality leads to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, creates a lot of risks of serious diseases, and threatens to increase life expectancy. This phenomenon is particularly evident in many large Russian cities, where historically a powerful industry has developed. In recent decades, the Russian government has acknowledged environmental remediation as a pivotal priority for the National Development Goals. The dedicated funding from the National ‘Ecology’ Project in 2018–2024 allowed for large-scale public and private investments to address the problem of improving the air quality of urban areas in Russia. What is the effectiveness of this spending? In this article, we answer this question by analyzing the effectiveness of the Federal ‘Clean Air’ Project, part of the National ‘Ecology’ Project, which aimed to improve air quality in 12 of the most polluted Russian cities. We show that the project’s key performance indicators (KPIs) underwent significant changes over the 2018–2024 period. The emissions reduction target was lowered from 22% to 20%, the methodology for measuring pollution was revised, and new targets were set. One of the main reasons for this was the suboptimal quality of the data on which the initial plan was based. As a result, the revised emissions estimates produced by the project were found to exceed not only the target benchmarks but also the baseline. The planned targets are largely on track, and it is likely that the target of a 20% reduction in emissions from the 2017 baseline will be met. However, the link between the KPIs and the improvement in urban air quality is questionable. The initial phase of the ‘Clean Air’ Project was a valuable first step, particularly in establishing an air quality monitoring network and conducting detailed pollution assessments in 12 cities. However, to further improve project performance, it is essential to base project KPIs on estimates of air pollution-related health damage and economic losses.

Solidaridad digital y tecnología solidaria en la transformación digital: Centro de Inteligencia Artificial - IA.Center, Chihuahua

The digital transformation based on artificial intelligence supports the development of communities, organizations and nations that are economically committed to the technology that enables it, however, there are many spaces that remain empty if only a non-inclusive digital transformation is committed, so This study aims to explain the relationship between solidarity technologies and digital solidarity to promote digital transformation based on artificial intelligence, based on the theory of justice, solidarity and innovation. The research is quantitative, non-experimental, transectional, explanatory, case study of the Artificial Intelligence Center – IA.Center State of Chihuahua where 180 questionnaires were applied, analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), using the SmartPLS software 4. The findings reveal that solidarity technology positively and significantly impacts digital solidarity and that digital solidarity positively and significantly impacts AI digital transformation. Another finding is that digital solidarity is a mediating variable between the positive and significant relationship between solidarity technology and AI digital transformation. It was also found that the predictive power of the global model is significant. It is concluded that just as paid technology favors digital transformation, so do solidarity technologies and digital solidarity.

К вопросу о формировании перечня приоритетных задач научно-технологического развития Российской Федерации

Currently, science and practice show that for the formation of high competitiveness and breakthrough efforts in the development of both individual organizations, industries, and the state economy as a whole, the possession of only soft skills is not enough. Current economic conditions, as well as high rates of change in both external and internal conditions of economic activity realization show that knowledge, skills, abilities, technologies are the most important key to the development of the country's economy and improvement of the quality of life. The greatest interest in this article is shown to the study of tools and methods of achieving the target indicators of priority tasks of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. And also to the formation of proposals to solve the existing problems in the system of adjustment and expansion of the list of priority tasks of the RF development. The main problems hindering the effective functioning of the system of adjustment and expansion of priority tasks of the RF development were identified. The key definitions of the project approach to the development of the national economy are specified. The interrelation of the main elements of the system of development and realization of priority tasks of the national economy development is established. Approaches and methods of solving the existing problems in the system of development and adjustment of priority tasks of the RF development are offered.

Current Developments in Power Systems of New Energy Vehicles

This paper reviews the power system of new energy vehicles, focusing on the types and characteristics of new energy vehicles and their power systems, including the advantages of new energy vehicles and the challenges faced in the future. As one of the most critical strategic initiatives in the current national development and construction, the possible development direction of new energy vehicles is discussed under the background of carbon neutrality and carbon peak regulation strategies. A variety of research methods are used, mainly through the collation and summary of relevant literature. The findings highlight the characteristics and shortcomings of existing new energy vehicles and the importance of optimizing the power systems to improve the performance and sustainability of new energy vehicles

The impact of collaborative atmosphere on innovative work behavior of college teachers, North China

Innovation and progress serve as the driving forces behind national development. Universities, with their comprehensive academic systems and robust research capabilities, undoubtedly play a crucial role in fostering student innovation and advancing faculty research innovation. This study aims to explore the relationship between the collaborative climate and innovative work behavior of university educators, as well as the mediating effect of knowledge sharing, in order to provide an important theoretical basis for universities to better promote innovative work behavior. This study adopts questionnaire survey method and semi-structured interview method. In the questionnaire survey stage, this study uses 473 in-service educators in colleges and universities as the research objects; in the interview stage, this study uses 8 in-service educators as the research objects. The results of the questionnaire study prove that educators’ cooperation atmosphere has a significant positive impact on innovative work behavior, educators’ collaborative climate has a significant positive impact on knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on innovative work behavior, and knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on teachers’ collaborative climate. There is a significant mediating effect on employees’ innovative work behavior. The interview results found that a positive collaborative climate within universities can influence teachers’ innovative work behavior through three channels: colleague support, management resource provision, and academic freedom encouragement. Therefore, a positive collaborative climate not only encourages communication and cooperation among faculty members but also inspires them to adopt and develop new methods and technologies in their research and teaching practices. Universities should place greater emphasis on enhancing their internal collaborative atmosphere.

Globalization and the Environment: A Path to Sustainable Development for SAARC Nations

This study examines the complex connection between globalization, environmental sustainability, and international climate policy via the lens of the Environmental Kuznets Curve model. Therefore, it examines the aspects of globalization and the consequent CO2 emissions in certain South Asian countries. The paper analyses panel data from 1991 to 2023, employing multiple econometric approaches to substantiate the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, which elucidates the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. The study illustrates that economic globalization facilitates technology transfers and the adoption of sustainable practices, resulting in decreased emissions. Conversely, political globalization obstructs environmental advancements due to inadequate governance and the inability to enforce global agreements. Although social globalization now exerts a minimal positive influence on environmental awareness and sustainability, there appears to be an increase in these characteristics. Therefore, the current research advocates for the advancement of contextualized methodologies, emphasizing institutional frameworks, international cooperation, and climate financing. This study contributes to the literature on balancing economic growth with environmental preservation in a highly integrated global economy and provides policy recommendations for developing countries.

Credit Evaluation of Technology-Based Small and Micro Enterprises: An Innovative Weighting Method Based on Machine Learning and AHP

Technology-based small and micro enterprises play a crucial role in national economic and social development. Managing their credit risk effectively is key to ensuring their healthy growth. This study is based on corporate credit management theory and Wu’s three-dimensional credit theory. It clarifies the credit concept and measurement logic of these enterprises, considering their unique development characteristics in China. A credit evaluation system is constructed, and an innovative method combining machine learning with comprehensive evaluation is proposed. This approach aims to assess the credit status of technology-based small and micro enterprises in a thorough and objective manner. The study finds that, first, the credit level of these enterprises is currently moderate, with little variation. Second, financial information remains a key factor in credit evaluation. Third, the ML-AHP (Machine Learning-Analytic Hierarchy Process) combined weighting method effectively integrates subjective experience with objective data, providing a more rational assessment. The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the healthy development of technology-based small and micro enterprises, early credit risk warning, and improved financing efficiency.

Supply risk propagation in international trade networks of the tungsten industry chain

Tungsten plays an irreplaceable role in industrial development and high technology and is vital for national security and economic development. Supply and demand imbalances, and geopolitical and social health events, among other factors, lead to supply risks for tungsten resources in different economies. The existing studies have focused on modeling supply risk in the upstream mineral trade and lack a quantitative analysis of supply risk propagation in tungsten product trade networks from an industry chain perspective. Therefore, this paper uses trade data from 2009 to 2020 to construct an international trade network for tungsten products and applies a cascading failure model to simulate the risk propagation process in the trade network of the industry chain. The results show that China, Germany, and the US have the greatest impact ranges. The influence of economies is related to the trade export value, number of trade partners, and location. The influence of economies on the trade of midstream and downstream products is significantly related to intermediary capacity, the level of economic development, and trade closeness, with technological factors becoming increasingly important as the chain extends downward. Supply risk in upstream and midstream products is propagated mainly through indirect routes, whereas risk in downstream products is propagated mainly through direct trade relationships. The number of affected economies increases substantially when there is a small decline in the export value of tungsten products from core economies. The results can provide reference and decision support for different economies to secure the supply security and sustainability of tungsten resources.

Energy efficient green building design utlilising renewable energy and low-carbon development technologies

The core issue these days is to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and prevent the hole in the ozone layer. Numerous emerging environmental crises successfully tackled by coordinated global efforts in the past few years. Despite this, the present climate emergency is a much more serious threat than anything we have ever encountered and requires much more action consequently. Today, more attention is paid on green buildings in the society, which will make the use of sustainable buildings for the entire life cycle a necessity for future generations. Hence, this paper proposes a novel design model of an energy-efficient residential green building with low carbon emissions to maintain the health and enhances the productivity and living standards of inhabitants. Green building technology is utilized to enhance energy efficiency and lower carbon emissions. This design considers green, recyclable, and eco-friendly building materials, which are beneficial for human health and comply with relevant Indian standards and building codes. This building design proposes renewable energy sources (RES) integrated with the power grid, although RES powers most of the load of the green building. The proposed green building design shows effective results, i.e., building energy consumption has reduced by 50.54%, total energy consumption cost has reduced by 57.41%, and CO2 emission per month has reduced by 50.54%. In addition, stormwater-harvesting system is proposed to collect 54322.23 litres of rainwater annually, which helps in water conservation and contributes to improving the groundwater level. The proposed solid waste management plan has contributed to the achievement of regional and national Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, there are some suggestions to promote the use of green buildings for sustainable development.

Innovation in Agricultural Water Pricing Systems in China Based on Irrigation Benefits

The comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices is an important component of China’s agricultural water conservation strategy and is highly important for ensuring national water security and sustainable agricultural development. Given the difficulty in raising water prices due to the limited carrying capacity of farmers in the reform, there is a pressing need to consider the implementation of agricultural water price sharing as a potentially viable strategy. Based on the grain production data from 2000 to 2018, the proportion of agricultural water prices borne by farmers and governments in different regions were calculated via the C-D production function method and the “Mitchell scoring + Expert scoring” method in the study. The results revealed that the average sharing coefficient of irrigation benefits for grain crops in China is 0.245. The sharing proportion of agricultural water prices for farmers in seven major geographical regions are ranked as follows: Northwest China (0.467) > Central China (0.427) > Southwest China (0.389) > Northeast China (0.358) > North China (0.319) > East China (0.312) > South China (0.163), while the sharing proportion of the government is 0.533, 0.573, 0.611 0.642, 0.681, 0.688, and 0.837. We proposed a systematic approach that directly ties cost distribution to the benefits received, and determined the proportion of agricultural water prices shared by farmers and governments, which is in line with the farmers’ economic interests and psychological demands. Furthermore, suggestions were proposed regarding the implementation of a rational agricultural water price-sharing policy.

A Sociological Perspective on Computer Science in Enhancing Workplace Efficiency: Implications for the Digital Economy and Nation Building

This paper investigates the intersection of sociological perspectives and computer science in the workplace, emphasizing how technology adoption can enhance efficiency and contribute to the digital economy. Through a qualitative analysis of contemporary case studies, the paper highlights the social dynamics affecting technology integration and argues for a holistic approach considering cultural, organizational, and socioeconomic factors in national development strategies.

PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND WATER SUPPLY NEEDS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION

he last decade in the Central Asian region has been characterized by a steady trend of increasing fresh water needs due to the expansion of agricultural activities and the growth of population consumption. At the same time, the growth of consumption is ensured exclusively by increasing the anthropogenic load on available water resources, which causes a multiple increase in the risks of environmental disasters and problems with water supply and ensuring water security of the countries of the region. The article uses the method of complex assessment (balance method) of assessing the level of water resources availability in the context of countries, content analysis of regulation of water use of transboundary rivers, factor analysis of the growth of regulation of water flows of the main rivers (Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, hereinafter abbreviated as BAM) and project analysis of the growth of anthropogenic pressure on the resource base of the region. The study notes that the uncoordinated use of water resources for national development and projects to overcome the environmental problems of shallowing of the Aral Sea only lead to an aggravation of the situation. The conclusions are based on the assessment of projects and strategies for overcoming the environmental catastrophe of the Aral Sea and the construction of new artificial water drainage infrastructure in the countries of the lower reaches of transboundary rivers.

Study on Poverty Alleviation and Resettlement Areas from Poverty Alleviation to Rural Revitalization

The rural revitalization strategy proposed by the state is consistent with the goal of poverty alleviation and relocation work in easy areas, and its related industrial development, employment support and other directions are similar, which can achieve effective convergence. The development of poverty alleviation and relocation in rural areas helps to achieve poverty alleviation and inject vitality into rural revitalization construction. This paper discusses the policy evolution from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization from the perspective of resettlement areas for poverty alleviation in rural areas, analyzes the existing problems in rural revitalization construction, and puts forward the relocation strategy for poverty alleviation in rural areas, aiming to implement the national development goals and help consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation.

Research on the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Vocational Education Students Education Management under the Background of Industry and Education Integration

Under the perspective of industry-education integration, the education management of higher vocational students has increasingly attracted attention. The education management of students also exhibits diversified and humanized characteristics, and school-enterprise cooperation and collaborative talent cultivation can be further developed. To comprehensively advance socialist modernization and implement various national development regulations, higher vocational colleges should combine industry-education integration in student education management, closely focusing on teaching themes, teaching resources, and student subjects to conduct explorations, identify existing problems in educational management, and adhere to employment-oriented coordinated development to extract higher-quality educational resources. Fully leveraging the roles of different entities can help improve the quality of student education management in higher vocational colleges, thereby enhancing the quality of higher vocational education.

Achieving national development goals of Russia as a factor in ensuring national security

Purpose: is to substantiate the need for a balanced achievement of the Russia's national development goals at the federal, regional and municipal levels as a factor in ensuring national security based on the practice of implementing the sustainable development goals of China and India.Methods: to achieve the set goal, methods of forming matrices for the adjusting goals, comparative institutional analysis of documents at the national, regional and municipal levels were used as tools for identifying potential risks associated with the imbalance of the system of the goals for ensuring national security at all levels of governance.Results: a comparative analysis and systematization of regulatory legal documents of the national, regional and municipal levels was carried out on the basis of the transformation in them of approaches to the formulation (according to the following types: social, environmental, production-technological and institutional) of the national development goals of the Russian Federation to ensure national security and balanced development of the Russian Federation. The specifics of how the sustainable development goals are reflected in the national strategic documents of China and India and their possible use in implementing Russia’s national priorities are revealed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the work using the method of forming matrices for the adjusting goals and comparative analysis of documents at the federal, regional and municipal levels involves the conceptual «stitching» of regulatory legal documents for the decomposition of the national goals to the level of regions and municipalities. Taking into account specific socio-economic and political conditions influencing the need to solve new problems in the field of sustainable development is aimed at the rational use of all types of national, regional and municipal resources. International experience, demonstrated by the example of China and India, emphasizes the importance of adapting international sustainable development goals to the national characteristics and priorities of Russia in the context of BRICS development, which reinforces the need for a balanced implementation of goals at all levels.

A logistics book hidden in a linguistics library shelf: a qualitative examination of how resource constraints manifest in library operations

Academic libraries are essential to teaching, learning, and national development, making adequate library resources crucial for academic institutions. This study examines how limited library resources, particularly recommended textbooks, affect library operations in Ghanaian public universities. Through semi-structured interviews with eleven undergraduate and postgraduate students, we investigated user behavior and responses to resource scarcity. Using thematic content analysis with NVivo software, we found that limited access to recommended textbooks leads to user frustration, resulting in antisocial behaviors such as hiding, stealing, and damaging books. Based on our findings and existing literature, we present a resource-frustration-user behavior framework that illustrates the relationship between resource limitations and user conduct. This study contributes to understanding how resource constraints manifest in library operations and recommends that library managers increase textbook availability to reduce user frustration. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research in this area.

International experience of community support for national park development and its implications

International experience of community support for national park development and its implications

Gender Dynamics and Non-Farm Income Diversification: A Quantitative Study in Rural Pakistan

Talents other than farm for income distribution are a vital strategy for socio-economic resilience in rural households, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. The paper inspects gendered participation in non-farm projects and their impact on domestic welfare. The primary data has 290 rural households with 54.79% dependents, this is quantitative research which implements statistical analysis, visual highlights and linear regression model to assess determinants and income disparities. The paper is based on query How gender disparities in income contributions and access to resources effect households in Pakistan? Pakistan is enriched with patriarchal society, where men have been destined to opportunities for economic development since ages. On the other hand, women are largely confined to domestic roles. Despite this, women in small and medium-sized enterprises are found of having strong decision-making abilities and righteous contributions to household income. Rural women face lots of challenges, some include access constraints to education, finances, and entrepreneurial training. Empowering women and enhancing their participation in non-farm activities is essential to creating a balanced economy where both men and women contribute effectively to national development. Since 2006, Pakistan has increased gender parity by 0.5%. However, Southern Asia collectively got 63.4% of it.