Developed Bacterial Consortium Research Articles

Bioprospective decolourization of reactive azo dyes at pilot scale by a developed bacterial consortium using the RSM and CCD model

Bioprospective decolourization of reactive azo dyes at pilot scale by a developed bacterial consortium using the RSM and CCD model

Mutualistic Effect of Macronutrients Availing Microbes on the Plant Growth Promotion of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

Globally, man-made agrochemicals plays crucial role in plant growth promotion and boost crop yield. The agrochemicals overuse leaves the detrimental damage on the environment and humans. Biostimulants developed from single or multiple microbes (archaea, bacteria, and fungi) could be the appropriate alternative of agrochemical which sustains the agriculture as well as environment. In the present investigation, 93 beneficial bacteria associated with rhizospheric and endophytic region were isolated using diverse growth media. The isolated bacteria were screened for macronutrients availing traits including dinitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization. The bacterial consortium was developed using selected bacteria with multifunctional attributes and evaluated for the growth promotion of finger millet crop. Three potent NPK strains were identified as Erwinia rhapontici EU-FMEN-9 (N-fixer), Paenibacillus tylopili EU-FMRP-14 (P-solubilizer) and Serratia marcescens EU-FMRK-41 (K-solubilizer) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLAST analysis. The developed bacterial consortium inoculation on finger millet resulted in the improvement of growth and physiological parameters with respect to chemical fertilizer and control. The compatible mixture of bacteria was found to have more ability to increase the growth of finger millet and it might be utilized as biostimulants for nutri-cereal crops growing in hilly regions.

Biotreatment of azo dye containing textile industry effluent by a developed bacterial consortium immobilised on brick pieces in an indigenously designed packed bed biofilm reactor.

This study highlights the development of a lab-scale, indigenously designed; Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR) packed with brick pieces. The developed biofilm in the reactor was used for the decolourisation and biodegradation of the textile industry effluent. The PBBR was continuously operated for 264 days, during which 301 cycles of batch and continuous treatment were operated. In batch mode under optimised conditions, more than 99% dye decolourisation and ≥ 92% COD reduction were achieved in 6h of contact time upon supplementation of effluent with 0.25g L-1 glucose, 0.25g L-1 urea, and 0.1g L-1 phosphates. A decolourisation rate of 133.94 ADMI units h-1 was achieved in the process. PBBR, when operated in continuous mode, showed ≥ 95% and ≥ 92% reduction in ADMI and COD values. Subsequent aeration and passage through the charcoal reactor assisted in achieving a ≥ 96% reduction in COD and ADMI values. An overall increase of 81% in dye-laden effluent decolourisation rate, from 62to 262mg L-1h-1, was observed upon increasing the flow rate from 18 to 210 mL h-1. Dye biodegradation was determined by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy and toxicity study. SEM analysis showed the morphology of the attached-growth biofilm.

BACTERIAL TREATMENT OF MELANOIDIN CONTAINING POST METHANATED DISTILLERY SPENT WASH

Untreated or primary treated distillery spent wash is lethal for the environment due to its highlyacidic and other physicochemical impurities. An attempt to screen out potent bacterial consortium formelanoid in containing post methanated distillery spent wash (PMDSW) was carried out. Developedbacterial consortium was subjected to treat PMDSW for decolorization and degradation purpose. BBDdesign was projected and achieved significant variable was founded as 0.2% urea concentration, 20%PMDSW concentration and 40 h incubation in static with 99.99% decolorization. Enzymes involved in thedegradation process (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase and laccase) was assayed as well as analyzedwith HPTLC and FTIR techniques for confirmation of degradation as reduction in peak height and area.Toxicity removal was also being proceed as phytotoxicity with Vigna radiata and achieved 95% seedgermination and measured other plant growth parameters. The consortium was isolated (3.2022) on solidmedium and identified with 16S rRNA sequencing.

Synergistic role of bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) for treatment of recalcitrant coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater

In this study, a bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) was developed, which showed 99.28% decolorization of RCPs with significant reduction in COD (88.77%), BOD (93.99%), TOC (72.53%), phenol (85.90%) within 15 h at 30 ± 2 °C, pH 7, inoculum size (10%), salt concentration (1%), static condition in presence of glucose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. It also removed 72.35% of (Cr), 79.09% of (Cd), 65.88% (As) and Pb (83.87%) at same conditions. During RCPs treatment, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase enzyme activities were also recorded indicating that these enzymes are involved in RCPs degradation. The RCPs present in TIWW and their metabolites produced during the treatment process were identified by FT-IR and GC–MS analysis. In addition, the toxicity studies showed that metabolites of RCPs allowed 100–90% seed germination with significant improvement in root length, shoot length and biomass production in Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo indicating that the developed bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) was effective in degradation and detoxification of RCPs. Thus, this newly developed bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) can be used effectively in degradation and detoxification of textile industry wastewater pollutants.

Development of a bacterial consortium from Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas veronii isolates applicable in the removal of BTEX

In this study, we report on the development of a novel bacterial consortium, consisting of Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas veronii isolates, applicable in the biodegradation of all six BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylene) and the bioremediation of contaminated sites. The co-cultivability of the selected bacterial isolates was determined in nutrient-rich medium, as well as in BTEX amended mineral salts solution using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and CFU determinations. BTEX biodegradation capacity of the two-strain consortium was assessed in mineral salts solution, where a series of BTEX depletions and supplementations occurred, as well as in a real, BTEX polluted environmental sample (contaminated groundwater) in the presence of the autochthonous bacterial community. The obtained results indicated that the developed bacterial consortium is very efficient in BTEX biodegradation. Under laboratory conditions, the acclimatized bacterial consortium completely degraded the BTEX mixture with a concentration as high as 20 mg l−1 in a mineral salt medium within a short span of 6 h. Close to in situ groundwater conditions (incubated at 15 °C under static conditions in the absence of light), groundwater microcosms containing the autochthonous bacterial community inoculated with the developed bacterial consortium showed more efficient toluene, o-, m-and p-xylene biodegradation capacity than microcosms containing solely the native microbial population originally found in the groundwater. In the inoculated microcosms, after 115 h of incubation the concentration (~ 1.7 mg l−1 each) of o-, m- and p-xylene decreased to zero, whereas in the non-inoculated microcosms the concentration of xylene isomers was still 0.2, 0.3 and 0.3 mg l−1, respectively. The allochthonous bioaugmentation of the contaminated groundwater with the obtained inoculant was successful and manifested in a better BTEX degradation rate. Our results suggest that the obtained bacterial consortium can be a new, stable and efficient bioremediation agent applicable in the synergistic elimination of BTEX compounds from contaminated sites.

Decolorization of mixture of UV/ TiO2 pre-treated azo dyes by using developed bacterial consortium – An excellent outcome

The degradation of the mixture of azo dyes by the developed bacterial consortium, photocatalytic process (TiO2/UV) and their combined effects were investigated in this study. The bacteria consortium was developed from waste disposal drains in the local textile dyeing industry. The consortium consists of two different bacteria which were identified as Stenotrophomonas pavanii and Bacillus licheniformis through 16S rDNA sequence alignment. The decolorization efficiency was estimated by spectrophotometry and it was observed that biological and photochemical methods alone could not effectively remove the dyes as the decolorization efficiency was low and the absorption peak in the UV region was not completely removed. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, pH 7 and a dye concentration of 150 mg/L, the microbial dye degradation reached a decolorization efficiency of more than 55%. Additionally, the UV treatment alone was also able to decolorize the dye less than 20% at 45°C, pH 9 at 150 mg/L of dye. A two-step treatment process, namely, photocatalytic treatment followed by biological degradation, was assessed. Ultraviolet-Visible (UVVis) spectral analysis showed that the combined effects were most efficient in the dye degradation (97-98%) which involved a complex interaction of enzyme activity, biosorption and photocatalytic action. Here we also report the optimization of various operational parameters.

Enhanced biodegradation of crude oil in soil by a developed bacterial consortium and indigenous plant growth promoting bacteria

This study aimed to develop an efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly bacterial consortium to degrade petroleum sludge. Four bacterial strains belonging to genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were selected to constitute three different consortia based on their initial concentration. The highest degradation rate (78%) of 1% (v/v) crude oil after 4weeks of incubation was recorded when the concentration of biosurfactant (BS) producing isolate was high. Genes, such as alkB, almA, cyp153, pah-rhdGN, nah, phnAC and cat23 were detected using the polymerase chain reaction method and their induction levels were optimal at pH 7·0. A crude oil sludge was artificially constituted, and its bacterial composition was investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that the soil bacterial community was dominated by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) after crude oil treatment. Our findings indicate the decontamination of the crude oil contaminated soil was more effective in the presence of both the constituted consortium and PGPB compared to the presence of PGPB alone. This study showed that the PGPB (Taibaiella) present in petroleum uncontaminated soil can promote the soil decontamination. The addition of both efficient hydrocarbon-degrading and BS producing bacteria is also necessary to improve the decontamination.

Co-biodegradation studies of naphthalene and phenanthrene using bacterial consortium

Degradation studies of phenanthrene and naphthalene as a mixture was carried out using a developed bacterial consortium. The isolates used in consortium were identified as Chryseobacterium sp., Sphingobacterium sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Agromyces sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Limited work is done on genus Agromyces in degradation studies of PAHs. Catechol production was detected using Arnow’s assay suggested that the pathway used for degradation is the meta-cleavage pathway. Results showed that Tween 80, as a surfactant, had maximum effect on the growth of isolates during PAH degradation. This suggests that use of Tween 80 as a surfactant enhanced the uptake of PAH by bacterial isolates during degradation. The study further revealed that, bacterial consortium was successfully utilized in the treatment of water contaminated with PAH in a laboratory-scale biofilm bioreactor. The bacterial consortium was able to degrade 99.9% of naphthalene and 92.9% of phenanthrene as a mixture at a high concentration of 2000 mg/L within 6 days. Further scaling up of the biofilm bioreactor can prove beneficial in large scale treatment of PAH contaminated water. This study showed promising results and these bacterial strains can be used as potential tools for bioremediation of PAH in contaminated sites.

Hybrid coagulation-flocculation and anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment for industrial textile wastewater: pilot case study

Color is one of the main problems in wastewater and many techniques can be applied to remove it. In the present work, a pilot plant scale investigation was carried out to optimize treatment efficiency in order to reduce the amount of residual adsorbed dye that will be found in the waste sludge. For degradation of textile wastewater (TWW), coagulation–flocculation experiments were performed in a jar test apparatus using FeCl3, Fe(SO4), Al2(SO4)3 and Cu(SO4) as a coagulant agent and three bacteria (Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus sp. and filamentous bacteria) by means of biodegradation, coagulation–flocculation process and their combination. The color, COD and phenol removal were 81.82%, 76.17% and 35.69% respectively. UV–vis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the biodegradability of the TWW by post and pre-treatment of the developed bacterial consortium. The textile wastewater phytotoxicity assessment on Sorghum bicolor and Triticum aestivum showed 80% and 60% reduction after post-treatment textile wastewater.

Biological decolourization of textile industry wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium.

Most currently employed textile effluent decolourization methods use physical and chemical processes where dyes do not get degraded instead concentrated or transferred into a solid phase. Therefore, further treatment processes are required to destroy dyes from the environment. In contrast, biological decolourization may result in degradation of the dye structure due to microbial activities and hence biological processes can be considered environmentally friendly. In the present study, bacterial strains with dye decolourization potential were isolated from the natural environment and their ability to decolourize four different reactive textile dyes was studied individually and in a bacterial consortium. The developed bacterial consortium composed with Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Enterobacter cloacae indicated more than 90% color removals for all four dyes and optimum decolourization of the dye mixture was observed at 40 °C and pH 7. The developed bacterial consortium decolourized 60% of dyes in textile industry effluent at 35 °C and pH 7 showing their ability to endure in highly complex and toxic environments and application in textile industry wastewaters.

Biodegradation of Olive Mill Wastewater by a newly isolated novel bacterial consortium under RSM optimized culture conditions

Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) is the main olive processing residual product and its disposal represent a relevant environmental issue in Mediterranean countries, specialy in Tunisia where olive oil production is largely received in a revised form and concentrated in a short-lasting period. OMW is characterised not only by its high pollutant load, salinity and phytotoxic levels of polyphenols, but also by a high amount of organic compounds and plant mineral. Therefore, the optimization process was analyzed using custom response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). In the present study, the effect of different combinations of nine strains S1 (Aeromonas salmonicidae), S2 (Cryptococcus humicolus), S3 (Penicillium sp.), F1 (Aeromonas hydrophyla), F2 (Candida boidinii), F3 (Bacillus sp.), T1 (Sphingomonas paucimobilis), T2 (Staphylococcus xylosus) and T3 (Lactobacillus sp.) was studied using the equilateral triangle diagram and a mixture experimental design to assess color and COD removal during the species growth., Under optimal conditions, the developed bacterial consortium (59% (S, S2 and S3), 28.28% (F1, F2 and F3) and 12.62% (T1, T2 and T3)) was able to decolorize completely (>84%) the OMW within 4 days at static condition. The color and COD removal were 90% and 86%, respectively. A very high regression coefficient between the variables and the responses: color and COD removal were R2 = 84.78% and R2 = 80.44%, respectively indicating an excellent evaluation of experimental data by polynomial regression model. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed the biodegradability of OMW by the developed bacterial consortium.

Application of a downflow microaerophilic fixed film (DFMFF) reactor for the treatment of dye house effluents using a developed bacterial consortium

The present study describes a downflow microaerophilic fixed film (DFMFF) reactor based treatment of dye house effluents. The major characteristics of the two effluents E-2 and E-5 under study were; chemical oxygen demand (COD) 4680-16,266 mg L−1, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 1575–3151 mg L−1 and American Dye Manufacturers' Institute (ADMI) color index of 10,794–21,413. DFMFF reactor was packed with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) shredding. The developed consortium was allowed to grow and form bio-film on packed UHMWPE. Degradation of the effluents at a various hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) was studied. Batch mode studies in the reactor showed > 80% removal of BOD and COD at OLR of 4.3 kg L−1 day−1 of E-2 and 2.4 kg L−1 day−1 of E-5 at 48 h HRT. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed biodegradation and obtained results indicated significant induction of oxidoreductive enzyme activities of azoreductase, NADH–DCIP reductase and laccase enzymes. Reduction in phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity was observed after the treatment of both the effluents. The reactor was also operated on continuous mode for treatment of E-2 under sequential anaerobic–aerobic phase and charcoal treatment. Results of sequential effluent treatment resulted in a reduction of > 99% of COD, BOD and ADMI along with > 88% of solids removal from the effluent. The resulting effluent was clear and meets the discharge criteria so as to release into the sewers. .

Treatment of olive mill wastewater through employing sequencing batch reactor: performance and microbial diversity assessment.

This work describes the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the involvement of a novel reconstituted bacterial consortium in olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment. The organic loading rate applied to the SBR was serially increased in terms of initial COD from 10to 75 gL-1 to allow gradual acclimatization of activated sludge to high concentrations of toxic compounds in OMW. After the acclimatization period, up to 60% of the total COD content were effectively biodegraded from OMW at 75gL-1 COD within 30day hydraulic retention time. The diversity and community composition of cultivable bacteria participating in the aerobic process of treating OMW were further assessed. A total of 91 bacterial strains were isolated from the reactor and analyzed by amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most abundant phylum was Firmicutes (57.1%) followed by Proteobacteria (35.2%) and Actinobacteria (7.7%). The use of the Biolog® Phenotype Microarray system to evaluate the ability of isolated strains to utilize OMW phenolic compounds is reported in this work for the first time. Interestingly, results showed that all species tested were able to utilize phenolics as sole carbon and energy sources. The removals of COD and phenolics from undiluted OMW by the reconstituted bacterial consortium were almost similar to those obtained by the acclimatized activated sludge, which suggest that cultivable bacteria play the major role in OMW biodegradation. Phytotoxicity assays using tomato seeds showed a significant improvement of seed germination values for treated OMW. Our overall results suggest that the novel developed bacterial consortium could be considered as a good prospect for phenolics-rich wastewaters bioremediation applications.

Effective Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) with a Bacterial Consortium Developed from High TNT-degrading Bacteria Isolated from TNT-contaminated Soil

In this study, bacterial strains, capable of using TNT as a nitrogen source, were isolated from TNT-contaminated soil samples collected from military region in Kirikkale, Turkey. We selected three strains that showed the highest TNT degradation capacity and according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the strains were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (designated SC1 K1, showed 99% homology), Raoultella planticola (designated SC1 K4, showed 99% homology) and Pseudomonas putida (designated SC1 K5, showed 99% homology). These strain were cultured in medium containing 100 mg L-1 TNT, SC1 K1 degraded 90 % of the initial TNT, SC1 K4 degraded 95 % of the initial TNT, and SC1 K5 degraded 84 % of the initial TNT after 24 h of incubation. Then, to remove TNT more efficiently, we constructed a bacterial consortium with these strains. The developed consortium was cultured in medium containing 100 mg L-1 TNT and the consortium removed 97.2 % of the initial TNT after four-hour incubation period. According to HPLC analyses, The consortium transformed TNT to 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and an unknown metabolite. The isolates showed high TNT degradation capacity compared to many previous studies and the developed bacterial consortium can be used to remediate the TNT-contaminated environments.

OIL BIODEGRADATION BY CONSORTIUM OF OIL DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS IN LABORATORY MODEL SYSTEMS

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a consortium of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria in various model systems. Methods. Two types of model systems were used for carrying out the experiments: with a liquid mineral medium and with non-sterile soil. To determine the number of microorganisms, a standard method of serial dilutions with seeding to individual colonies was used. Individual strains in the consortium were distinguished using selective media with antibiotics. Oil degradation was assessed by IR spectrometry. Results . The consortium was capable to effective oil destruction in a liquid medium at 4°C and at 24°C, and with respect to control, oil loss is higher at low temperature. At 50°C, the consortium was inactive. In model non-sterile soil systems, the stimulation of native microorganisms by introducing mineral fertilizers did not lead to significant changes in the number of oil-degrading microorganisms but the degree of oil degradation increased. With the joint introduction of the microbial consortium and fertilization, the greatest number of both heterotrophic and oil-degrading strains was observed in the soil system. The degree of oil destruction in this system was also the highest: 59% at 42 days at room temperature. Main conclusions . The developed bacterial consortium has a high oil-degrading activity both at low (4°C) and moderate (18-25°C) temperatures. In non-sterile soil systems, the consortium's microorganisms do not inhibit the local biota, maintaining their numbers at about constant levels, but at the same time they make the main contribution to pollution degradation.

Improved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in a crude oil by individual and a consortium of bacteria

In this study, we report the ability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Pseudomonas mendocina, Microbacterium esteraromaticum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to degrade multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil. The PAHs in the crude oil sample obtained from Digboi oil refinery, India were estimated to be naphthalene (10.0 mg L−1), fluorene (1.9 mg L−1), phenanthrene (3.5 mg L−1) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (6.5 mg L−1). Exposure of individual bacteria to crude oil showed high rate of biodegradation of specific PAHs by M. esteraromaticum, 81.4%-naphthalene; P. aeruginosa, 67.1%-phenanthrene and 61.0%-benzo(b)fluoranthene; S. maltophilia, 47.9%-fluorene in 45 days. However, consortium of these bacteria showed enhanced biodegradation of 89.1%-naphthalene, 63.8%-fluorene, 81% of phenanthrene and 72.8% benzo(b)fluoranthene in the crude oil. The degradation was further improved up to 10% by consortium on addition of 40 μg mL−1 rhamnolipid JBR-425 biosurfactant. These results suggest that the developed bacterial consortium has significant potential in PAH remediation.

Enhanced degradation of ternary dye effluent by developed bacterial consortium with RSM optimization, ANN modeling and toxicity evaluation

Enhanced degradation of ternary dye effluent by developed bacterial consortium with RSM optimization, ANN modeling and toxicity evaluation

Removal of textile dye reactive green-19 using bacterial consortium: Process optimization using response surface methodology and kinetics study

In the present work, removal of a textile dye Reactive Green-19 from the aqueous medium was investigated using a developed bacterial consortium. Optimal combinations of three significant process parameters pH (5–10); incubation temperature (25–45°C); and Yeast extract concentration (0–1.5g/100mL) were determined using response surface methodology. Experiments were based on Box–Behnken surface statistical design, performed at initial dye concentration of 100mg/L as a fixed input parameter. Regression analysis displayed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with the coefficient of determination (R2)=0.9974 and Predicted (R2)=0.9677. The adequacy of the model was established with various descriptive statistics like lack of fit, coefficient of variation, predicted residual sum of squares, and adequate precision. The optimal decolorization conditions were as follows: temperature, 32.04°C; pH, 8.3 and Yeast Extract concentration, 1.16g/100mL. Under optimized conditions, more than 97% removal efficiency was achieved within 24h. First order kinetic fitted well with experimental data for different concentrations of dye Reactive green-19. Michaelis-Menten kinetics was used to define the apparent relationship between the decolorization rate and the dye concentration at optimized condition. The double reciprocal plot for kinetics yield maximum decolorization rate, Vm=120.48h−1 and half saturation constant, Km=1674mg/L. Biodegradation of dye was confirmed through UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and High-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Reactive green-19 degradation products were identified through GC–MS analysis.

Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixing Enzyme Activities in Response to Pyrene Bioremediation Efficacy by Defined Artificial Microalgal-Bacterial Consortium of Gujarat, India

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out to investigate the response and relationship between nitrogen fixing enzymes during the remediation of different concentrations of high molecular weight four rings Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Pyrene by microalgae Synechocystis sp. (cyanobacteria) with artificial developed indigenous bacterial consortium. One axenic microalgal culture of Synechocystis sp. and two pyrene degrading indigenous bacteria with efficient removal capabilities viz. Pseudomonas indoxyladons and Bacillus benzoevorans isolated from crude oil polluted site and common industrial effluent canal were used to construct the consortium. The effect of pyrene on algal growth in terms of chlorophyll-a was measured and it was found that in the presence of bacteria, the growth and bioremediation capacity of Synechocystis sp. raised tremendously, whereas Synechocystis sp. monoculture exhibited concentration dependent decrease. Moreover, the nitrogen fixing enzymes; nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed chronological decrease by 93%, 90%, and 98%, respectively. Increased Bioremediation of pyrene by consortium JPNKA7B2 (Mix culture of Synechocystis sp., Pseudomonas indoxyladons, and Bacillus benzoevorans) was eliminated at 94.1% in 50 mg/L, which indirectly retarded the nitrogen fixing enzymes – NR, GS, and SDH. However, Synechocystis sp. monoculture could remediate up to 36% at 1.5 mg/L after 16 days of incubation.