Detrimental Association Research Articles

Hoarding behavior and its association with mental health and functioning in a large youth sample.

Hoarding behavior is prevalent in children and adolescents, yet clinicians do not routinely inquire about it and youth may not spontaneously report it due to stigma. It is unknown whether hoarding behavior, over and above obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), is associated with major clinical factors in a general youth population. This observational study included N = 7054 youth who were not seeking help for mental health problems (ages 11-21, 54% female) and completed a structured interview that included evaluation of hoarding behavior and OCS, as a part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort between November 2009 and December 2011. We employed regression models with hoarding behavior and OCS (any/none) as independent variables, and continuous (linear regression) or binary (logistic regression) mental health measures as dependent variables. All models covaried for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. A total of 374 participants endorsed HB (5.3%), most of which reported additional OCS (n = 317). When accounting for OCS presence, hoarding behavior was associated with greater dimensional psychopathology burden (i.e., higher P-factor) (β = 0.19, p < .001), and with poorer functioning (i.e., lower score on the child global assessment scale) (β = - 0.07, p < .001). The results were consistent when modeling psychopathology using binary variables. The results remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for count of endorsed OCS and excluding participants who met criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 210). These results suggest that hoarding behavior among youth is associated with poorer mental health and functioning, independent of OCS. Brief hoarding-behavior assessments in clinical settings may prove useful given hoarding behavior's stigma and detrimental health associations.

Bullying Victimization and Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Peer Autonomy Support and Self-Esteem

The present study employed the social-ecological diathesis-stress model as a theoretical framework to extend previous research by examining the underlying mechanism and conditional process that contribute to the positive association between bullying victimization and internalizing problems among adolescents. A moderated mediation model involving peer autonomy support and self-esteem was tested using a sample of 1723 adolescents (50.7% girls; M age = 12.79, SD = 1.58), who completed questionnaires assessing internalizing problems, bullying victimization, peer autonomy support, and self-esteem. The findings revealed that self-esteem partially mediated the positive association between bullying victimization and adolescents’ internalizing problems. Specifically, bullying victimization was inversely related to self-esteem, which, in turn, was negatively associated with internalizing problems. Further moderation analyses demonstrated that these direct and indirect associations varied based on levels of peer autonomy support. Simple slope analyses specifically indicated that (a) peer autonomy support buffered against the negative association of bullying victimization with self-esteem and internalizing problems, and (b) peer autonomy support mitigated the negative association of self-esteem with internalizing problems. The elucidation of this mechanism and conditional process holds important implications for early interventions and prevention efforts aimed at mitigating the detrimental association of bullying victimization with adolescents’ healthy emotional functions.

Structural Relationship of Psychiatric Disorders, Quality of Life, Coping Styles and Their Associated Factors Among Brain Pathology Patients and Hematological Cancer Patients

Introduction: The study aimed to examine the structural relationship of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, various mental diseases, quality of life, coping methods, and other variables in patient with brain pathology and hematological cancer patients. Methods: A total of (n=215) samples were included in the structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. The analyses were done with brain pathology patients (110) and haematological cancer patients (105). Results: In the current study, the multivariate normality kurtosis was 9.112 with c.r = 3.950 obtained in this SEM model. In the SEM model, the global health status towards MDD can explain about 30% of the variance. The global health status score was found to have a significant positive association with self-distraction coping styles, gender, and emotional functioning. Gender has a significant positive association with global health status, indicating that male patients have improved overall health. In terms of severity of MDD the positive correlation was found with panic disorder life time. Emotional functioning, self distraction and global health status were shown to have a significant and inverse relationship with the severity of MDD (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The severity of MDD was found to have a strong and detrimental association with cancer types indicating the brain pathology patients tends to have more severity of depression compared to haematological cancer patients.

The association between 24-hour activity, sedentary and sleep compositions and mental health in Australian adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPhysical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep are key components to health and well-being. Compositional data analysis of activity data overcomes the limitations of traditional statistical approaches and comprehensively assesses the association of all activities throughout a 24-hour day. Few studies have used compositional analysis to explore associations between movement behaviours and mental health. This study examined the association between 24-hour activity compositions and mental health in middle-aged Australian adults.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from participants (n = 322; mean age 40.4 years; 58.1% female; 47.8% university degree; 84.8% partnered) in the longitudinal Annual Rhythms in Adults’ lifestyle and health study (Adelaide, Australia). Activity composition (sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) was derived using 24-hour Fitbit accelerometry from the first month of participation (December). Mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) were obtained from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21-item short-form (DASS-21). The associations between activity composition (conveyed as isometric log ratios) and DASS-21 scores were examined using compositional multi-level linear regression models with a random intercept for clustering of individuals within families. Using the compositional time reallocation model, expected differences in mental health were examined for hypothetical time reallocations between individual activities.ResultsFavourable associations were observed when time (15 min) was reallocated to light physical activity from sleep (depression: -0.31 [95% CI=-0.57: -0.06]; anxiety: -0.20 [95% CI=-0.37: -0.03] and from sedentary behaviour (depression: -0.29 [95% CI=-0.46: -0.13]; anxiety: -0.14 [95% CI=-0.25: -0.03]; stress: -0.16 [95% CI=-0.31: -0.01]). Detrimental associations were observed when time was reallocated away from light physical activity to sleep (depression: 0.32 [95% CI = 0.07: 0.58]; anxiety: 0.20 [95% CI = 0.03: 0.37]) and to sedentary behaviour (depression: 0.30 [95% CI = 0.13: 0.48); anxiety: 0.15 [95% CI = 0.03: 0.26]; stress: 0.17 [95% CI = 0.01: 0.32]). There were no associations when time was allocated to or from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.ConclusionThe way adults spend their time across a 24-hour day is associated with their mental health. Spending more time in light physical activity appears favourable if this time is taken from sleep and sedentary behaviour. These findings provide support for “move more, sit less” public health messages.Trial registrationThis study was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12619001430123) on the 16/10/2019.

The impact of digital evolution and FinTech on banking performance: A cross-country analysis

Amidst the intricate web of economic dynamics, the significance of banking performance resonates deeply, serving as a linchpin for a nation's financial equilibrium and economic prosperity. The imperative of vigilantly tracking the trajectory of banks' performance emerges as this vigilance underpins the stabilization and fortification of credit institutions. In the contemporary milieu, a landscape characterized by rapid transformations and economic nuances, the digital sphere is propelling a substantial metamorphosis, thus catalyzing an imperative for the assimilation of financial technology (FinTech) within financial services, particularly within banking institutions. This empirical study embarks upon a discerning journey, harnessing a cross-country lens and a panel dataset encompassing five prominent nations spanning the years 2017 to 2019. The central inquiry pertains to the nuanced interplay between the digital milieu, FinTech deployment, and the fabric of banking performance. The empirical analysis reveals a noteworthy confluence: the utilization of digital platforms and FinTech solutions bears a detrimental association with the performance of banking entities categorized as high-performing. Moreover, this inquiry unveils a nexus between FinTech variables, including solidity, inflation informer, and total productivity factors, with an adverse impact on Banks' Performance. However, a silver lining emerges as the study highlights the augmentation of bank financial performance through the confluence of liquidity, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and FinTech credit infusion. Emanating from these insights, the implications cascade expansively. For bank custodians and stakeholders, an enriched comprehension of the intricate interplay between FinTech and performance crystallizes, thereby fortifying the resilience of financial institutions against adversities through performance augmentation.

Relations among family, peer, and academic stress and adjustment in Chinese adolescents: A daily diary analysis.

Family, peers, and academics are three central sources of stress for Chinese adolescents, which have potential negative implications for youth's adjustment. This study investigated how within-person fluctuations in daily domains of stress (i.e., family, peer, and academic) and between-person differences in average stress levels were associated with four Chinese adolescent adjustment indicators (i.e., positive and negative emotions, sleep quality, and subjective vitality). Participants included 315 Chinese adolescents (48.3% girls; Mage = 13.05 years, SD = 0.77 years) who completed a 10-day diary on each domain of stress and indicators of adjustment. Multilevel models revealed that peer stress had the most detrimental association with Chinese adolescents' adjustment at both within-person (i.e., higher same-day and next-day negative emotions) and between-person (i.e., higher negative emotions, worse sleep quality, and lower subjective vitality) levels. Academic stress was only significant at the between-person level, corresponding to worse sleep quality and increased levels of negative emotions. Family stress exhibited mixed associations and was positively associated with positive and negative emotions and subjective vitality. These findings underscore the need to examine the impact of multiple domains of stress on Chinese adolescent adjustment. Further, identification and intervention for adolescents with elevated peer stress may be particularly helpful for increasing healthy adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women

ABSTRACT We examined the longitudinal associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength (LMS), balance, and falls in middle-aged women. This was a 5-year cohort study among 308 women aged 36–56 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine associations of baseline and change in accelerometer-measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with baseline and 5-year change in LMS and balance (timed up and go test [TUG], functional reach test [FRT], lateral reach test [LRT], and step test [ST]), and negative binomial/Poisson and log-binomial regression as appropriate to assess associations with falls after 5-year follow-up. Greater baseline MVPA was associated with better baseline LMS (β = 4.65 kg/SD, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.93) and TUG (β = −0.09 s/SD, 95% CI: –0.18, –0.01) but not with change in them over 5 years. Baseline MVPA was not associated with FRT at baseline but associated with a greater decrease in FRT (β = −0.87 cm/SD, 95% CI: –1.57, –0.17). Increased MVPA over 5 years was associated with less deterioration in FRT (β = 0.88 cm/SD, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.61). Increased sedentary time over 5 years was associated with a larger decrease in FRT (β = −0.82 cm/SD, 95% CI: –1.58, –0.07). Higher baseline LPA was associated with higher falls risk (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57). Higher baseline MVPA may benefit LMS and balance, while increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in these outcomes in mid-life. Detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to greater exposures to environmental hazards. Highlights Our study for the first time examined the longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women. Higher baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be beneficial for muscle strength and balance at baseline but increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in LMS or balance outcomes in middle-aged women. Higher baseline light physical activity (LPA) was associated with an increased risk of falls. The detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to a greater exposure to environmental hazards in midlife, which needs to be clarified in future research.

Residential greenspace and lung function decline over 20 years in a prospective cohort: The ECRHS study

BackgroundThe few studies that have examined associations between greenspace and lung function in adulthood have yielded conflicting results and none have examined whether the rate of lung function decline is affected. ObjectiveWe explored the association between residential greenspace and change in lung function over 20 years in 5559 adults from 22 centers in 11 countries participating in the population-based, international European Community Respiratory Health Survey. MethodsForced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by spirometry when participants were approximately 35 (1990–1994), 44 (1999–2003), and 55 (2010–2014) years old. Greenness was assessed as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 500 m, 300 m, and 100 m circular buffers around the residential addresses at the time of lung function measurement. Green spaces were defined as the presence of agricultural, natural, or urban green spaces in a circular 300 m buffer. Associations of these greenspace parameters with the rate of lung function change were assessed using adjusted linear mixed effects regression models with random intercepts for subjects nested within centers. Sensitivity analyses considered air pollution exposures. ResultsA 0.2-increase (average interquartile range) in NDVI in the 500 m buffer was consistently associated with a faster decline in FVC (−1.25 mL/year [95% confidence interval: −2.18 to −0.33]). These associations were especially pronounced in females and those living in areas with low PM10 levels. We found no consistent associations with FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Residing near forests or urban green spaces was associated with a faster decline in FEV1, while agricultural land and forests were related to a greater decline in FVC. ConclusionsMore residential greenspace was not associated with better lung function in middle-aged European adults. Instead, we observed slight but consistent declines in lung function parameters. The potentially detrimental association requires verification in future studies.

FRI-451 - Detrimental association between COVID-19 pandemic stages and alcoholic hepatitis admissions: a Canadian population-based study

FRI-451 - Detrimental association between COVID-19 pandemic stages and alcoholic hepatitis admissions: a Canadian population-based study

Causal effects of gut microbiota on sepsis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Recent studies had provided evidence that the gut microbiota is associated with sepsis. However, the potential causal relationship remained unclear. The present study aimed to explore the causal effects between gut microbiota and sepsis by performing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level data. Gut microbiota GWAS (N = 18,340) were obtained from the MiBioGen study and GWAS-summary-level data for sepsis were gained from the UK Biobank (sepsis, 10,154 cases; 452,764 controls). Two strategies were used to select genetic variants, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) below the locus-wide significance level (1 × 10-5) and the genome-wide statistical significance threshold (5 × 10-8) were chosen as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method for MR study, supplemented by a series of other methods. Additionally, a set of sensitivity analysis methods, including the MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian randomized polymorphism residual and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out test, were carried out to assess the robustness of our findings. Our study suggested that increased abundance of Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Catenibacterium, and Hungatella were negatively associated with sepsis risk, while Clostridiaceae1, Alloprevotella, LachnospiraceaeND3007group, and Terrisporobacter were positively correlated with the risk of sepsis. Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. This study firstly found suggestive evidence of beneficial or detrimental causal associations of gut microbiota on sepsis risk by applying MR approach, which may provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of microbiota-mediated sepsis and strategies for sepsis prevention and treatment.

Home working and social and mental wellbeing at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: Evidence from 7 longitudinal population surveys.

Home working has increased since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's onset with concerns that it may have adverse health implications. We assessed the association between home working and social and mental wellbeing among the employed population aged 16 to 66 through harmonised analyses of 7 UK longitudinal studies. We estimated associations between home working and measures of psychological distress, low life satisfaction, poor self-rated health, low social contact, and loneliness across 3 different stages of the pandemic (T1 = April to June 2020 -first lockdown, T2 = July to October 2020 -eased restrictions, T3 = November 2020 to March 2021 -second lockdown) using modified Poisson regression and meta-analyses to pool results across studies. We successively adjusted the model for sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex), job characteristics (e.g., sector of activity, pre-pandemic home working propensities), and pre-pandemic health. Among respectively 10,367, 11,585, and 12,179 participants at T1, T2, and T3, we found higher rates of home working at T1 and T3 compared with T2, reflecting lockdown periods. Home working was not associated with psychological distress at T1 (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.08) or T2 (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.11), but a detrimental association was found with psychological distress at T3 (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.30). Study limitations include the fact that pre-pandemic home working propensities were derived from external sources, no information was collected on home working dosage and possible reverse association between change in wellbeing and home working likelihood. No clear evidence of an association between home working and mental wellbeing was found, apart from greater risk of psychological distress during the second lockdown, but differences across subgroups (e.g., by sex or level of education) may exist. Longer term shifts to home working might not have adverse impacts on population wellbeing in the absence of pandemic restrictions but further monitoring of health inequalities is required.

Association of beverage consumption with subclinical atherosclerosis in a Spanish working population

Beverages play a substantial role meeting water, calorie, and nutrient requirements; however, they are presented as being major contributors to the current obesity epidemic. Although, the relationship between beverage consumption and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults has been frequently studied, its association with subclinical atherosclerosis is of increased interest. We studied the association of beverage consumption with the presence of peripheral subclinical atherosclerosis among Spanish workers. We performed a cross-sectional study of 2089 middle-aged males, with a mean age of 50.9 (SD 3.9), and without CVD, carried out in the Aragon Workers’ Health Study (AWHS). A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure beverage consumption of low-fat milk, coffee and tea (unsweetened), whole-fat milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, bottled fruit juice, artificially-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice. Atherosclerotic plaques were measured by ultrasound (in carotid arteries, and in femoral arteries). Atherosclerotic plaque was defined as a focal structure protruding ≥ 0.5 mm into the lumen, or reaching a thickness ≥ 50% of the surrounding intima-media thickness. As statistical analysis, we use logistic regression models, simultaneously adjusted for all beverage groups. As results, unsweetened coffee was the beverage most associated with peripheral subclinical atherosclerosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 (1.10–1.41), and 1.23 (1.09–1.40) 100g/day] for carotid, and femoral territories respectively. Moreover, subclinical atherosclerosis was positively associated with whole-fat milk [OR 1.10 (1.02–1.18) 100 g/day] in the femoral territory. The association was protective for low-fat milk in the carotid territory [OR 0.93 (0.88–0.99) 100g/day]. There was also a protective association with bottled fruit juices in the femoral territory [0.84 (0.74–0.94) 100g/day]. Our results suggest a detrimental association with the consumption of coffee, as well as with whole-fat milk and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, an element of prudence excluding water and low-fat milk, must be applied when recommending beverage consumption.

Life in a time of COVID: retrospective examination of the association between physical activity and mental well-being in western Australians during and after lockdown

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine physical activity and sedentary behaviours during Western Australia’s COVID-19 lockdown and their association with mental well-being.MethodsParticipants completed activity related questions approximately two months after a three-month lockdown (which formed part of a larger cross-sectional study from August to October 2020) as part of a 25-minute questionnaire adapted from the Western Australia Health and Well-being Surveillance system. Open-ended questions explored key issues relating to physical activity behaviours.ResultsDuring the lockdown period, 463 participants (female, n = 347; 75.3%) reported lower number of active days (W = 4.47 p < .001), higher non-work-related screen hours per week (W = 11.8 p < .001), and higher levels of sitting time (χ2=28.4 p < .001). Post lockdown body mass index was higher (U = 3.0 p = .003), with obese individuals reporting the highest non-work-related screen hours per week (Wald χ2= 8.9 p = .012). Inverse associations were found for mental well-being where higher lockdown scores of Kessler-10 (p = .011), Dass-21 anxiety (p = .027) and Dass-21 depression (p = .011) were associated with lower physical activity levels. A key qualitative message from participants was wanting to know how to stay healthy during lockdown.ConclusionsLockdown was associated with lower physical activity, higher non-work-related screen time and more sitting time compared to post lockdown which also reported higher body mass index. Lower levels of mental well-being were associated with lower physical activity levels during lockdown. Given the known positive affect of physical activity on mental well-being and obesity, and the detrimental associations shown in this study, a key public health message should be considered in an attempt to maintain healthy activity behaviours in future lockdowns and similar emergency situations to promote and maintain positive well-being. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the isolation of a community due to infectious disease outbreaks and to recognise the important role physical activity plays in maintaining weight and supporting good mental health.

Disability and Suicidal Ideation among Indigenous Adults in Canada: Cultural Resources as Contingencies

Objectives The present study asks: Is disability associated with suicidal ideation among Indigenous adults in Canada? And if so, do cultural resources—as measured by cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration—modify this association? Methods Data were from a nationally representative sample of First Nations peoples living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada—the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (N = 16,125). A series of weighted logistic regression models were performed. Results Indigenous adults with disabilities were significantly more likely than those without disabilities to report suicidal ideation, even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and physical and mental health conditions. At the same time, people with multiple disabilities were at greater risk for suicidal ideation, with the largest association among those with five or more disabilities. Furthermore, the detrimental association between disability status and suicidal ideation attenuated among those who reported cultural group belonging. In a similar vein, the buffering role of cultural group belonging was also observed in the association between the number of disabilities and suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study provides compelling evidence that disability is a risk factor for suicidal ideation among Indigenous adults and that cultural group belonging plays a stress-buffering role in this relationship.

The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study

Evidence linking body fatness to breast cancer (BC) prognosis is limited. While it seems that excess adiposity is associated with poorer BC survival, there is uncertainty over whether weight changes reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre- and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among BC survivors. Our study included 13,624 BC survivors from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, with a mean follow-up of 8.6 years after diagnosis. Anthropometric data were obtained at recruitment for all cases and at a second assessment during follow-up for a subsample. We measured general obesity using the body mass index (BMI), whereas waist circumference and A Body Shape Index were used as measures of abdominal obesity. The annual weight change was calculated for cases with two weight assessments. The association with overall mortality and BC-specific mortality were based on a multivariable Cox and Fine and Gray models, respectively. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal association. Five-unit higher BMI prediagnosis was associated with a 10% (95% confidence interval: 5–15%) increase in overall mortality and 7% (0–15%) increase in dying from BC. Women with abdominal obesity demonstrated a 23% (11–37%) increase in overall mortality, independent of the association of BMI. Results related to weight change postdiagnosis suggested a U-shaped relationship with BC-specific mortality, with higher risk associated with losing weight or gaining > 2% of the weight annually. MR analyses were consistent with the identified associations. Our results support the detrimental association of excess body fatness on the survival of women with BC. Substantial weight changes postdiagnosis may be associated with poorer survival.

The Myths of Alcohol Use in Ghana

Objective: Alcohol has become a regular part of social functions in many cultures. Before the advent of alcohol use disorder becoming a nosological entity, many cultures noted the detrimental association with alcohol use, particularly in its excess use. With such observation, many cultures and even medical research, have tried in many ways to either justify or explain away the harmful effects of alcohol use and gone ahead to promote the use for the most mundane effects. Such explanations for alcohol use over time become acceptable in many cultures and can be viewed asmyths. Four of such myths associated with alcohol use in Ghana, are presented here. Methodology: These myths were drawn from a bigger study that looked at the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in an engineering company with mixed methods. A thematic analysis of their responses was used to arrive at these myths. Results: Participants believed that alcohol is sexually potentiating, improves appetite and quality of sleep, and has medicinal qualities like “curing” chicken pox and necessary for successful surgery. Apart from the inconclusive evidence of alcohol, particularly red wine,protecting against cardiovascular death, we could not substantiate any of these claims from medicine. Conclusion: Myths of alcohol use in different cultures need to be incorporated in preventive strategies adopted for alcohol use disorder for a comprehensive public health approach to curb the menace. Such myths should be integrated in the training of health workers to help them understand the addictive behaviour of alcohol users and the anthropological underpinnings to alcohol use.

Independent and interactive effect of sedentary time and physical activity on risk of all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study.

Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity have been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Evidence in China is scarce, and it is unclear whether physical activity (PA) attenuates or even eliminates the harmful effects of prolonged SB in the Chinese population. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 17 084 Chinese adults. PA and sitting time (ST) were assessed using the IPAQ. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of PA and ST with all-cause mortality. Interaction plots were used to visualize the interaction effects. During a median follow-up of 6.01 years, a total of 1106 deaths occurred. PA level was inversely associated with the incidence of all-cause mortality, while ST showed a detrimental association (all ptrend < 0.05). In the stratified analysis, ST was associated with all-cause mortality in the low PA, while the association was attenuated in the moderate PA group: the HRs (95% CI) comparing ST of 4-8, 8-11, and ≥11 to <4h/day were 1.15 (0.73-1.81), 1.55 (0.92-2.59), and 2.70 (1.52-4.80), respectively. In the high PA group, no significant association was found across all ST levels. In the joint analysis, compared with the high PA and ST <4h/day, the harmful effect was found only in the combined low PA and moderate PA groups with ST ≥11 h/day (HR:2.71, 95% CI:1.69-4.35). In addition, a significant interaction association was found. Our study, based on a prospective cohort, suggests that the detrimental effect of ST on all-cause mortality is attenuated or eliminated by high PA levels in the Chinese population.

Characterizing the Course of Loss of Control Eating and Prognostic Factors Following Bariatric Surgery: an Exploratory Analysis

PurposePostoperative loss of control eating (LOCE) has detrimental associations with weight outcomes and mental health following bariatric surgery. However, little is known regarding LOCE course following surgery and preoperative factors that predict remittance, continuance, or development of LOCE. The present study aimed to characterize LOCE course in the year following surgery by identifying four groups: individuals with (1) postoperative de novo LOCE, (2) maintained LOCE (endorsed at pre- and post-surgery), (3) remitted LOCE (endorsed only at pre-surgery), and (4) those who never endorsed LOCE. Exploratory analyses examined group differences in baseline demographic and psychosocial factors.Materials and MethodsA total of 61 adult bariatric surgery patients completed questionnaires and ecological momentary assessment at pre-surgery and 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative follow-ups.ResultsResults showed that 13 (21.3%) never endorsed LOCE prior to or after surgery, 12 (19.7%) developed LOCE after surgery, 7 (11.5%) evidenced remittance from LOCE after surgery, and 29 (47.5%) maintained LOCE prior to and after surgery. Relative to those who never endorsed LOCE, all groups who evidenced LOCE before and/or after surgery reported greater disinhibition; those who developed LOCE reported less planned eating; and those with maintained LOCE reported less satiety sensitivity and greater hedonic hunger.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of postoperative LOCE and need for longer-term follow-up studies. Results also suggest a need to examine the longer-term impact of satiety sensitivity and hedonic eating on LOCE maintenance, and the extent to which meal planning may buffer risk for de novo LOCE following surgery.Graphical

Snacking and anxiety during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A prospective cohort study

Anxiety and snacking increased during the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, but it remains unknown whether this change in snacking persisted and if it related to anxiety levels. We used prospective data to examine changes in snacking frequency from t1 (eased restrictions in England in May–June 2020) to t2 (national lockdown in December 2020–March 2021), the association of anxiety (assessed by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire at t1) with the snacking change, and the mediating and moderating effects of disinhibition and flexible restraint (assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire in 2016–17). Analyses including 2128 adults (mean age 28.4 y) residing in England from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children showed that snacking frequency increased over time (mean change 1.23 (95% CI 0.81, 1.65) snacks/wk). Linear regressions of snacking adjusted for sociodemographic covariates showed that having clinical levels of generalised anxiety at t1, versus not, was associated with 1.22 (95% CI 0.07, 2.37) more snacks/wk at t2. Disinhibition partially mediated the association between Generalised Anxiety Disorder and snacking (βindirect = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01, 0.32), while there was no evidence that flexible restraint moderated the association (β = 0.05, 95% CI -0.57, 0.66). Our longitudinal findings highlight a detrimental anxiety-snacking association partly operating via disinhibition, suggesting future research could target mitigating anxiety and disinhibited eating behaviours to benefit diet-related outcomes following the pandemic.

Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data

ObjectiveTo examine if individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality (ACM) and incident cardiovascular...