Detoxification Period Research Articles

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF PSYCHOSIS AND PERSONALITY PROFILE IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

Objectives: The objectives of the study are (1) to study personality profile in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) to study incidence of psychosis in patients with AUD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care medical college. 70 patients presenting with a history of alcohol intake underwent diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for AUD were enrolled in the study on the basis of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post a 2-week detoxification period, psychiatric symptoms encompassing depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and unusual behavior were assessed using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), while personality profiles were evaluated with the NEO Personality Inventory-3. Alcohol dependence levels were measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire. Results: There were 60 (85.71%) males and 10 (14.29%) females. There was a significant male preponderance in studied cases with M:F ratio of 1:0.16. Highest number of patients, i.e., 63 (90%) patients were married, followed by 4 (5.71%) patients were unmarried and 3 (4.29%) patients were divorced. Among 70 studied cases, 5 (7.14%) patients were found to have some or the other degree of psychotic symptoms. There was a significant correlation between being unskilled worker and having low literacy or low income and AUD (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between severity of AUD and education (p=0.70), occupation (p=0.94), income (p=0.84), and family history of alcohol consumption (p=0.58). Participants have mild severity shown low to average score on neuroticism, average scores on extraversion, very low to low scores on openness, high to very high scores on agreeableness, and high to very high scores on conscientiousness. Conclusion: We found a significant correlation of AUD with increasing age, male gender, early alcohol initiation, and prolonged dependence. Lower education and unskilled occupations were also linked to AUD. Personality trait analysis revealed distinct patterns based on the severity of physical dependency.

A Norovirus-Related Gastroenteritis Outbreak Stemming from a Potential Source of Infection - Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality, China, April 2024.

Noroviruses are highly infectious with rapid transmission capabilities, causing illness for an average duration of 12-60 hours. In China, individuals in educational agencies may return to class 72 hours after symptom resolution. This outbreak was precipitated by a potential source of infection in a child resuming class after a 72-hour quarantine post-symptom resolution, leading to a cluster of cases within the class. While extending the quarantine period for children may be considered from a safety perspective, it is a challenge for educational agencies. The outbreak is deemed a low-probability event; however, further investigation into the detoxification period of asymptomatic patients is warranted.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy as Relapse Prevention for Opioid Use Disorders

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevailing psychiatric illness that provides foundations of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in terms of relapse prevention in the treatment of patients with opioid use disorders. Methods: After the period of detoxification, an individualized treatment plan was made based on CBT. To assess the effectiveness of planned and executed CBT sessions, pre and post assessment method was opted. Results: Results specify that CBT worked successfully as relapse prevention in one-on-one sessions. CBT attested to be working in treating patients' lapses as well as relapses by increasing control on cravings and improving assertive behavior. Conclusions: The conclusion can be drawn that CBT is an effective methodology that successfully deals with patients' cravings, and develops assertive behavior thereby preventing relapse.

Exploratory Growth Mixture Modeling of Cannabis-Withdrawal Syndrome Trajectories of Adult Pure Cannabis Dependents During Detoxification: Two Subtypes?

ABSTRACT As clinical studies about subtypes of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) are scant, we performed a re-analysis of longitudinal data with German adult cannabis-users seeking inpatient cannabis detoxification-treatment. Sixty-seven cannabis-dependents without active comorbidity were included for growth-mixture-analysis (GMM) of their CWS-severity-trajectories during a scheduled 24-day detox-treatment. As of treatment-day 12, thirty-six (53.7%) of 67 patients were discharged after successful detoxification. This led to artificial imputations for I-GMM. Therefore, we preferred the results of the GMM including raw data-only (R-GMM). By both, I-GMM and R-GMM, we found two classes of CWS severity time-courses. Class one (n = 44, R-GMM) showed a continuously decreasing CWS-severity; class two (n = 23, R-GMM) exhibited a sharp peak (generally between days 2–6 post-cessation). A short inpatient treatment-period and low urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-level upon admission predicted the peaking trajectory of R-GMM-class-two-CWS. Withdrawal syndrome medication (PRN), comorbidity, cannabis-history data and gender balance were not significantly different between the CWS-classes. Although possibly confounded by PRN-medication, this exploratory study supports the presence of two CWS-variants in adult cannabis-dependents, characterized by a slowly decreasing (“protracted”) slope (class one) or a clear crescendo-decrescendo trajectory (class two). The latter was associated with a significantly shorter inpatient detoxification period and lower urinary THC-COOH-levels at admission.

Ghrelin and impulsivity relationship in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy individuals.

Abundant research indicates that ghrelin hormone levels are associated with alcohol use and addiction. One of the mediators of this association may be impulsivity, which is one of the common traits observed in alcohol addiction and some eating disorders. This study evaluated participants with alcohol dependency and healthy volunteers to determine whether trait impulsivity and ghrelin levels are associated. This study analyzed trait impulsivity scores and fasting serum ghrelin levels of 44 males with alcohol dependency and 48 healthy male participants. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (UPPS) were used to measure trait impulsivity levels. Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale for heavy drinking were used to assess craving at the baseline and after the detoxification period. Alcohol-dependent patients' fasting ghrelin levels were significantly higher than that of healthy participants. Ghrelin plasma levels were positively correlated with UPPS total impulsivity scores and sensation-seeking among healthy individuals. In alcohol-dependent participants, there was a positive correlation between UPPS urgency scores obtained at the baseline and fasting ghrelin levels before and after the detoxification period. Ghrelin-impulsivity relationship could be observed in certain dimensions of impulsivity in both alcohol-dependent and healthy individuals and even independent of the effect of alcohol. Although the associated impulsivity dimensions differ in different groups, the results are parallel to other studies in terms of demonstrating the relationship between ghrelin and impulsivity.

Early-life exposure to methylmercury induces reversible behavioral impairments and gene expression modifications in one isogenic lineage of mangrove rivulus fish Kryptolebias marmoratus

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous bioaccumulative neurotoxicant present in aquatic ecosystems. It is known to alter behaviors, sensory functions and learning abilities in fish and other vertebrates. Developmental and early-life stages exposure to MeHg can lead to brain damage with immediate consequences on larvae behavior, but may also induce long term effects in adults after a detoxification period. However, very little is known about developmental origin of behavioral impairment in adults due to early exposure to MeHg. The aim of this study is to assess whether early-life MeHg exposure induces immediate and/or delayed effects on behaviors, related genes expression and DNA methylation (one of epigenetic mechanisms). To reach this goal, newly hatched larvae of mangrove rivulus fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations of MeHg (90 μg/L and 135 µg/L) for 7 days, and immediate and delayed effects were assessed respectively in 7 dph (days post-hatching) and 90 dph fish. This species naturally produces isogenic lineages due to its self-fertilizing reproduction system, which is unique among vertebrates. It allows to study how environment stressors can influence organism's phenotype while minimizing genetic variability. As results, both MeHg exposures are associated with a decreased foraging efficiency and thigmotaxis, and a dose-dependent reduction in larvae locomotor activity. Regarding molecular analysis in larvae whole bodies, both MeHg exposures induced significant decreased expression of DNMT3a, MAOA, MeCP2 and NIPBL, and significant increase of GSS, but none of those genes underwent methylation changes in targeted CpGs. None of significant behavioral and molecular impairments observed in 7-dph larvae were found in 90-dph adults, which highlight a distinction between immediate and delayed effects of developmental MeHg exposure. Our results suggest implications of aminergic system and its neurotransmitters, redox/methylation trade-off and possibly other epigenetic mechanisms in MeHg neurotoxicity underlying behavioral alterations in rivulus.

The effect of intranasal oxytocin on processing emotional stimuli during alcohol withdrawal: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial

Alcohol dependence is associated with difficulties in processing emotional stimuli, which can lead to interpersonal problems. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to modulate the processing of emotional stimuli, however, oxytocin treatment has not yet been examined in patients with withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oxytocin on the reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), which indexes theory of mind ability, during a three-day period of alcohol detoxification at an addiction treatment centre in Norway. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 39 patients fulfilling criteria for ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol dependence admitted for alcohol detoxification and withdrawal treatment. Participants were randomized to receive either intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo, twice daily for three days. We evaluated RMET performance on day 2 and day 3 of detoxification and differences in RMET scores between day 2 and day 3 of detoxification. Frequentist and Bayesian statistical inference suggested that oxytocin administration during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent patients did not improve RMET performance. However, exploratory analyses provided preliminary evidence that oxytocin might improve performance on the RMET negative emotion subscale (uncorrected p value = 0.038), and that oxytocin treatment might show the most promise for those with high levels of alcohol consumption (i.e., ≥20 alcohol units per day; uncorrected p value = 0.023). Moreover, alcohol consumption levels significantly predicted RMET performance on day 2, but not on day 3, of withdrawal.

Feeding response and dynamic of intoxication and detoxification in two populations of the flat oyster Ostrea chilensis exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PST)

Juvenile oysters (Ostrea chilensis) from two populations (Quempillén estuary and Pullinque bay) were exposed to a toxic diet containing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), produced by Alexandrium catenella, followed by a detoxification period. Feeding behaviour, toxin profile, dynamics of intoxication/detoxification, and survival were evaluated over the entire experimental period. Both populations reduced their feeding rates during the 30-day exposure to the toxic diet. This negative effect was reversible when the diet was switched to the non-toxic one. Oysters from the estuary accumulated PST more rapidly than the population from the bay, suggesting their increased ability to cope with more adverse conditions. Both populations showed low detoxification capacity. Survival was significantly higher in oysters from the estuary, compared to those from the bay. Due to the increasing frequency and intensity of A. catenella blooms in southern Chile, it is necessary to better understand the responses of O. chilensis in different environments. This is important not only because of the ecological and commercial relevance of the bivalve, but also in consideration of expected climate change scenarios, where the new environmental conditions could favour the frequency and intensity of harmful algal bloom events.

The Effect of Krocina™ on Decreasing Substance User Withdrawal Syndrome, Craving, Depression and Stress: A Double-Blind Randomized Parallel Clinical Trial

Introduction Due to the association between substance use abstinence with some psychological syndromes, the use of herbal medicines such as Crocus sativus L. have been considered as a proper approach to controlling withdrawal syndrome. The present study aimed to identify the effect of Krocina™ in reducing withdrawal symptoms, craving, depression, stress, anxiety and durability of treatment in the detoxification period and abstinence phase. Methods In a double-blind randomized parallel clinical trial, 72 opioid users passing the detoxification period who were referred to the Soroush Center during 2020, randomly categorized into the two groups. Motivational interviewing sessions and 15 mg of Krocina™ twice a day were provided for six weeks for the cases. The placebo group received pills with the same coating and motivational interviewing. Withdrawal symptoms, craving, depression, stress and anxiety were assessed at the start of the study and then weekly using the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale, Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, respectively. SPSS-v16 was used for statistical analyses. Results Drug withdrawal symptoms and craving did not indicate a significant difference by Krocina™ intervention during the time (p > 0.05). Furthermore, depression, stress and anxiety were statistically similar between Krocina™ and placebo groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, we found similar findings between the two groups when analyzing only patients with negative urinary test (F = 0.03;p = 0.86). Conclusion Our finding rejected the effectiveness of 30 mg/day of Krocina™ for six weeks as an effective substance for decreasing withdrawal symptoms, craving, depression, anxiety and stress at the detoxification period and abstinence phase.

Effects of pollutants and microplastics ingestion on oxidative stress and monoaminergic activity of seabream brains.

Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) and adsorbed pollutants are considered a global thread to marine ecosystems. This study describes the effects of pollutants and MPs ingestion on fish brains through the assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers and monoaminergic neurotransmitters using gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as fish model. Juveniles were experimentally exposed to three different dietary treatments for 90 days: Control treatment (C) consisted of standard feed; Virgin treatment (V) contained feed enriched with 10% of MPs; and Exposed treatment (E) consisted of feed with 10% of MPs that were exposed to seawater in an anthropogenically impacted area for 2 months in order to enrich the plastic with the pollutants within the water column. Sampling was made at the start of the experiment (T0), at the end of the dietary treatments (T90) and after a posterior detoxification period of 30 days (T120). Results evidenced that a MPs and pollutants enriched diet increases the activity of some of the oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. CAT and GST), and it was shown for the first time alterations on dopaminergic and serotonergic system activity on seabream brains, indicating potential neurofunctional effects associated to MPs and pollutants ingestion. In addition, results showed a tendency to recover enzymatic and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels after a 30-day detoxification period. In conclusion, MPs and pollutants exposure for 90 days induced oxidative stress and changes on monoaminergic activity in the brain of S. aurata.

Increase in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels during early withdrawal in severe alcohol users.

Changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been linked to the neuroadaptative consequences of chronic alcohol use and associated with disease severity and prognosis. Few studies have evaluated the influence of drug withdrawal and clinical and sociodemographic data on BDNF levels in severe alcohol users. Our goals were (1) to evaluate variation in BDNF levels during alcohol withdrawal and, (2) to assess the influence of putative confounding factors on BDNF levels. Our sample consists of 62 men with alcohol use disorder undergoing a detoxification process. Serum BDNF levels were measured using a commercial sandwich-ELISA kit, at two points: before and after the detoxification period. We found an increase in BDNF levels during alcohol withdrawal (25.4±9.6 at admission vs. 29.8±10.2 ng/ml at discharge; p < 0.001), even after controlling for potential confounders (positive family history, number of days between blood sample collections, and age) (Generalized Estimating Equation: coefficient = -4.37, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] -6.3; -2.4; p < 0.001). Moreover, individuals who had first-degree relative with alcohol dependence had smaller increases in BDNF levels than individuals with no family history (14.8 [95%CI -5.3; 35.6] vs. 35.3 [95%CI 15.4; 74.8]; p = 0.005). In summary, variation in BDNF levels seems to be influenced by withdrawal in severe alcohol users. A positive family history of alcohol dependence could also be a factor that influences variation in this biomarker.

Evaluation of the health status outcome among inpatients treated for Amphetamine Addiction

Amphetamine is one of the most abuser drugs in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to evaluate health status outcome at baseline and after detoxification in amphetamine users through the evaluation of the body mass index, renal function tests, cardiac biomarkers, gonadal hormonal levels, and oxidative stress markers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 participants. Sixty participants were hospitalized patients for treatment of addiction and 30 participants were healthy volunteers. This study was performed at a psychiatric and rehabilitation center, in Qassim region, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants were divided into: group I = control; group II = amphetamine users and group III = amphetamine plus cannabis users. Socio-demographic data was collected. The urinary amphetamine level, Severity Dependence Scale (SDS), body mass index (BMI), vital signs; serum levels of troponin T (TnT), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), luteinizing Hormone (LH), testosterone Hormone (TSTS), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured on admission and after detoxification. The results showed that the BMI was significantly decreased while, vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly increased in all abusers and returned to normal values after the detoxification period. The cardiac biomarker troponin T was significantly increased and reversed after detoxification. The immune system was evaluated through assessing serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG. The immune system remained immunocompromised in drug users, and IgM and IgG levels did not reach the level of control group after treatment. Luteinizing and testosterone hormones were evaluated. Both hormones were increased on admission and improved after the detoxification period. Renal function showed no significant differences between drug users and the control group. In the evaluation of the antioxidant system, there was a significant increase in serum MDA, SOD, GPx, and CAT levels compared to healthy controls. After the detoxification phase, these oxidative stress biomarkers still remained elevated. The current results have shown the addiction of amphetamine and cannabis exert detrimental effects on different body organs and the exert major consequences on the health status of drug users. The present study showed that, there was no improvement in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, although an improvement was observed in the other parameters after the detoxification phase.

Microplastic ingestion in reared aquaculture fish: Biological responses to low-density polyethylene controlled diets in Sparus aurata.

During the last years, ingestion of microplastics (MPs) has been quantified in marine species both with an ecological and commercial interest at sea and under experimental conditions, highlighting the importance to assess MP ingestion in commercially and aquaculture important species such as gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fish. In order to study the ingestion of MPs in a commercially valuable species, gilthead seabreams were exposed to an enriched diet with virgin and weathered low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets for three months followed by a detoxification period of one month of no exposure to MP enriched diets. Our results indicate that MP ingestion in these fishes increased with exposure time, and differences were found between treatments, showing the highest ingestion values after three months of exposure to MP enriched diets and in the weathered treatment. However, after one month of detoxification, no MPs were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish, reflecting no long-term retention of MPs in Sparus aurata digestive system. According to results from this study, exposure of fish to MP enriched diets does not affect fish size neither the Fulton's condition index as both parameters increased with time in all treatments (control, virgin and weathered). Both carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures decreased with fish size in all treatments which could be related to an increase of nitrogen deposition efficiency in fish muscle with a high protein assimilation during the first months of Sparus aurata.

Lorcaserin treatment for extended-release naltrexone induction and retention for opioid use disorder individuals: A pilot, placebo-controlled randomized trial

BackgroundOpioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a significant public health problem associated with severe morbidity and mortality. While effective pharmacotherapies are available, limitations exist with each. Induction onto extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is more difficult than initiation of buprenorphine or methadone, even in inpatient settings, as it is recommended that patients remain abstinent for at least 7 days prior to initiating XR-NTX. The purpose of this trial was to determine if lorcaserin, a 5HT2c agonist, improves outpatient XR-NTX induction rates. MethodsAn 8-week trial beginning with a brief detoxification period and induction onto XR-NTX. Sixty participants with OUD were enrolled in the trial, with 49 participants at the initiation of detoxification randomized to lorcaserin or placebo for 39 days. Additionally, ancillary medications were provided. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants inducted onto the first XR-NTX injection. Secondary outcomes were withdrawal severity (measured by COWS and SOWS) prior to the first injection and the proportion of participants receiving the second XR-NTX injection. ResultsThe proportion of participants inducted onto the first (lorcaserin: 36 %; placebo: 44 %; p = .67) and the second XR-NTX injection (lorcaserin: 27 %; placebo: 31 %; p = .77) was not significantly different between treatment arms. Prior to the first injection, withdrawal scores did not significantly differ between treatment arms over time (treatment*time interaction COWS: p = .11; SOWS: p = .39). ConclusionsLorcaserin failed to improve outpatient XR-NTX induction rates. Although this study is small, the findings do not support the use of lorcaserin in promoting induction onto XR-NTX or in mitigating withdrawal symptoms.

Characteristics of social media ‘detoxification’ in university students

ABSTRACT The multiplication of social networking sites has led to increased frequency of use among young adults. While the association with mental wellbeing is still controversial, high levels of social media use were correlated with problematic behaviours, low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. ‘Social Media Detoxification’ (Detox) is the term used to describe voluntary attempts at reducing or stopping social media use to improve wellbeing. We conducted a pilot study to explore the characteristics of social media detoxification applied by 68 university students in their social media activity. Descriptive analysis revealed that most students reported a positive change in mood, reduced anxiety and improved sleep during and in the immediate aftermath of the detoxification period. These preliminary findings show that ‘social media detoxification’ is a phenomenon understood and used by university students to moderate their social media use. Wide variability in its application and effects is noted in our sample.

French Validation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Relationship with Alcohol Dependence and Drinking Behavior

Abstract Aim To validate a French translation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) that measures craving in patients with alcohol dependence. Method All patients aged &amp;gt; 18 years who were hospitalized for alcohol detoxification from February to May 2019 in the alcohol unit of the Rennes university hospital were eligible. A back-translated version of the AUQ was completed at admission. Patients were interviewed at the end of the 7-day detoxification program by a trained addiction psychiatrist (MS), using tablet computed-based questionnaires assessing state craving (visual analog scale), alcohol dependence severity, drinking behavior, psychological distress and physical/mental health. The same investigator assessed relapse 1 month after discharge. Results A total of 80 inpatients were recruited and completed questionnaires. The single factor structure of the French version of the AUQ was similar to the original questionnaire, and was supported by strong internal reliability and item-scale validity. The AUQ score correlated highly acute craving measure, but moderately scales assessing the severity of alcohol dependence, drinking behavior and mental health. Relapse 1 month after discharge was significantly related to AUQ score assessed either at baseline, or with better estimate at the end of the 7-day detoxification period. Conclusion The French version of the AUQ provides a reliable measure of phasic craving, which is best described as a context-dependent single-factor variable, related to but distinct from tonic craving, dependence severity and drinking behavior. The ease of administration makes the AUQ a useful tool for French-speaking patients with alcohol dependence.

Сell-free pertussis vaccine from antigens of freshly isolated strain of B. pertussis serotype 1.2.3

Aim. Development of technology for the manufacture of cell-free pertussis vaccine (CPV) from a freshly isolated strain of B. pertussis No. 211 serotype 1.2.3 and the study of its protective activity and safety in comparison with the preparation of vaccine strains. Materials and methods. Following B. pertussis strains were used: freshly isolated strain No. 211, serotype 1.2.3; vaccine strains No. 305, serotype 1.2.0, and No. 475a, serotype 1.2.3. According to the original method, a CPV was obtained from the supernatant of the liquid culture medium of B. pertussis strain No. 211 and its protective and toxic properties were studied. Results. Studies have shown that the use of enriched nutrient media for the cultivation of the strain and the increase in the duration of the the detoxification period of the protective antigen complex isolated from the culture medium are needed to obtain a CPV vaccine consisting of antigens of a freshly isolated strain. CPV obtained from the freshly isolated strain had protectivity 1.7 times higher compared to those of CPV obtained from vaccine strains, was nontoxic and had a low sensitizing properties. The results indicate that the freshly isolated strain No. 211 is a promising candidate for use in the development of pertussis vaccines.

A Mixed-Method Investigation into Therapeutic Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment for People Recovering from Substance Use Disorders

Mind Body Connect (MBC) is a charity which uses therapeutic yoga as a vehicle of change for marginalized populations. Alongside MBC, Sheffield Hallam University’s SHU Strength researchers carried out this study aiming to: (1) Gauge the impact of therapeutic yoga classes upon the mood state of people with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and (2) Explore the perceived benefits of therapeutic yoga class participation. An adapted shortened Profile of Mood States (POMS) was completed before and after each yoga class. A comparison of means with paired sample T-Test and Cohen’s D was then carried out. Participants who attended 6+ classes were interviewed. Findings were then converged. Before and after measurements of anger, sadness, tiredness, worry, confusion, energy and relaxation were taken, Classes were held at SHU for service users from a Phoenix Future’s (PF) rehabilitation centre. A single yoga class significantly relaxed participants and reduced negative mood states. Interview data covered a range of perceived benefits including the use of yogic down-regulation techniques as daily coping strategies. The MBC yoga programme appears beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for PF residents. Future SHU Strength research shall focus on the mid-long-term exercise habits of the recovery community and the impact of the MBC yoga programme upon the early recovery period of detoxification.

Trajectory of liver function tests during the initial alcohol detoxification period: A preliminary analysis.

Trajectory of liver function tests during the initial alcohol detoxification period: A preliminary analysis.

High level of methylmercury exposure causes persisted toxicity in Nauphoeta cinerea.

Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a neurotoxicant abundantly present in the environment. The long-term effects of MeHg+ have been investigated in rodents, yet data on the long-term or persisted toxicity of MeHg+ in invertebrates is scanty. Here, we examined the acute, intermediate, and chronic effects upon dietary administration of MeHg+ in nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea. Besides, the potential reversibility of the toxic effects of MeHg+ after a detoxification period was evaluated. Nymphs were exposed to diets containing 0 (control), 2.5, 25, and 100μg MeHg+/g of diet for 10, 30, and 90days. Additional groups of nymphs were fed with the same dose of MeHg+ for 30days and then were subjected to a detoxification period for 60days. The nymphs exposed to 100μg MeHg+/g succumbed to a high mortality rate, along with multiple biochemical (increase of reactive oxygen species production and glutathione S-transferase activity, as well as decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity) and behavioral alterations. We observed delayed mortality rate and behavioral alterations in nymphs exposed to 100μg MeHg+/g for 30days and subsequently subjected to 60days of detoxification. However, the biochemical alterations did not persist throughout the detoxification period. In conclusion, our results established the persistent toxic effect of MeHg+ even after a prolonged detoxification period and evidenced the use of N. cinerea as an alternative model to study the toxicity of MeHg+.