Detonation Of Explosive Devices Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ МІНУВАННЯ КІРОВОГРАДА НІМЕЦЬКИМИ ОКУПАНТАМИ ПІД ЧАС ВІДСТУПУ У СІЧНІ 1944 РОКУ

The objective of the study is to analize the results of the massive saturation of Kirovoghrad area with landmines by the German invaders as they retreated in January 1944. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, systemic approach, proper academic assessment, verification, author objectivity and moderate narrative constructivism as well as the use of the general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis and generalization. The scientific novelty is that first in history, to analyze the results of the massive saturation of Kirovoghrad area with landmines by the German invaders as they retreated in January 1944 based on previously unknown archival documents. Conclusions. It is about the scope and type of the massive saturation of the city with landmines by the Hitler troops as they retreated. Also it is told about the demining activities of residential buildings, industrial and infrastructural objects that were conducted by the combat engineers of the 27th Engineer Brigade (the Red Army) and there were described the modalities for the mining that were used for the regional centre planned destruction. It is given, according to the deminers, the brief analysis of the causes of not detonation of explosive devices and explosive ordnance. It is addressed the types of explosive devices, explosive ordnance and landmines that have been hidden into urban infrastructure.

A Novel In Vitro Model of Blast Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in military and civilian populations. Blast traumatic brain injury results from the detonation of explosive devices, however, the mechanisms that underlie the brain damage resulting from blast overpressure exposure are not entirely understood and are believed to be unique to this type of brain injury. Preclinical models are crucial tools that contribute to better understand blast-induced brain injury. A novel in vitro blast TBI model was developed using an open-ended shock tube to simulate real-life open-field blast waves modelled by the Friedlander waveform. C57BL/6N mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were exposed to single shock waves and the development of injury was characterized up to 72 h using propidium iodide, a well-established fluorescent marker of cell damage that only penetrates cells with compromised cellular membranes. Propidium iodide fluorescence was significantly higher in the slices exposed to a blast wave when compared with sham slices throughout the duration of the protocol. The brain tissue injury is very reproducible and proportional to the peak overpressure of the shock wave applied.

Blast-Related Injuries from Terrorism: An International Perspective

Terrorism using conventional weapons andexplosive devices is a likely scenario andoccurs almost daily somewhere in the world. Caring for those injured from explosive devices is a major concern for acute injury care providers. Learning from nations that have experienced conventional weapon attacks on their civilian population is critical to improving preparedness worldwide. In September 2005, a multidisciplinary meeting of blast-related injury experts was convened including representatives from eight countries with experience responding to terrorist bombings (Australia, Colombia, Iraq, Israel, United Kingdom, Spain, Saudi Arabia, andTurkey). This article describes these experiences andprovides a summary of common findings that can be used by others in preparing for andresponding to civilian casualties resulting from the detonation of explosive devices.

Comparison of Combat and Non-Combat Burns From Ongoing U.S. Military Operations

Military burns result from either combat or non-combat causes. We compared these etiologies from patients involved in ongoing conflicts to evaluate their impact and provide prevention recommendations. All military patients with significant burns treated at the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research from April 2003 to May 2005 were reviewed. Injuries were categorized as having resulted from combat or non-combat causes. Demographics, burn severity and pattern, mortality, and early outcomes were compared. There were 273 burn patients seen with 63% injured in combat. A high early rate of non-combat injuries was noted. Feedback on non-combat burn prevention was provided to the combat theater, and the incidence of non-combat burns decreased. Mean age and time from injury to admission did not differ. The majority of combat injuries resulted from explosive device detonation. Waste burning, ammunition handling, and gasoline caused most non-combat injuries. Combat casualties had more associated and inhalation injuries and greater full-thickness burn size; total body surface area burned was equivalent. The hands and the face were the most frequently burned body areas. Mortality was 5% in combat and 2% in non-combat patients. The majority of survivors in both groups returned to military duty. The disparity in full-thickness burn size and incidence of inhalation and associated injuries resulted from differing mechanisms of injury, with explosions and penetrating trauma more common in combat wounds. Despite the severity of combat burns, mortality was low and outcomes generally good. Non-combat burns are preventable and have decreased in incidence.