Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication Research Articles

Deterministic secure quantum communication using four-particle genuine entangled state and entanglement swapping

A deterministic secure quantum communication scheme using entanglement swapping is proposed. The sender prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and sends two particles in each state to the receiver and remains the rest particles. If the quantum channel is secure, they begin to communicate. After their four-particle projective measurements, the receiver can obtain the secret information according to his measurement outcomes and classical information from the sender. Using entanglement swapping, there are no particles carrying secret information to be transmitted.

Deterministic secure quantum communication against collective-dephasing noise by using EPR pairs and auxiliary photons

A deterministic secure quantum communication against collective-dephasing noise is proposed. Alice constructs two sets of three-photon bases with EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) pairs in the state | Ψ + 〉 or | Ψ - 〉 and auxiliary single photons in the state | H 〉 . And then she sends them to Bob. Bob can get the secret message by his single-photon measurement outcomes and two public message strings from Alice if the quantum channel is secure. The scheme does not need photon storing technique and only single-photon measurement is necessary.

Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication with Cluster State and Bell-Basis Measurements

We present a novel protocol for deterministic secure quantum communication by using the four-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can directly transmit the secret messages based on Bell-basis measurements and classical communication. The present protocol makes use of the ideas of block transmission and decoy particle checking technique. It has a high capacity as each cluster state can carry two bits of information, and has a high intrinsic efficiency because almost all the instances except the decoy checking particles (its number is negligible) are useful. Furthermore, this protocol is feasible with present-day technique.

MULTIPARTY CONTROLLED DETERMINISTIC SECURE QUANTUM COMMUNICATION THROUGH ENTANGLEMENT SWAPPING

A three-party controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme through entanglement swapping is proposed firstly. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states which are used as quantum channel. The two communicators may securely communicate under the control of the controller if the quantum channel is safe. The roles of the sender, the receiver, and the controller can be exchanged owing to the symmetry of the quantum channel. Different from other controlled quantum secure communication schemes, the scheme needs lesser additional classical information for transferring secret information. Finally, it is generalized to a multiparty controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme.

Controlled deterministic secure quantum communication using five-qubit entangled states and two-step security test

A five-qubit entangled state is constructed with the four-qubit genuine entangled state. As one of its applications, a controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme is proposed. Firstly, the supervisor prepares the five-qubit entangled state and distributes uniformly the four qubits to two users and keeps the rest one for control function. Then the receiver can perform jointly projective measurement on the encoded qubits from the sender to decrypt the secret information. The two-step security test ensures the security of the communication. Moreover, quantum dense coding is applied to enhance the capacity of quantum channel. The communication is realized under the control of the supervisor.

Robust Quantum Secure Direct Communication and Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication over Collective Dephasing Noisy Channel

We propose two schemes for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) over collective dephasing noisy channel. In our schemes, four special two-qubit states are used as the quantum channel. Since these states are unchanged through the collective dephasing noisy channel, the effect of the channel noise can be perfectly overcome. Simultaneously, the security against some usual attacks can be ensured by utilizing the various checking procedures. Furthermore, these two schemes are feasible with present-day technique.

DETERMINISTIC SECURE QUANTUM COMMUNICATION ACHIEVED BY USING QUANTUM SWAPPING

Two new deterministic secure quantum communication protocols are proposed in this paper. In these protocols, utilizing auxilians, no particle is transported between two authorized parties, who guarantee the safety of the protocols.

SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION USING DETERMINISTIC BB84 PROTOCOL

This paper presents a deterministic BB84 (dBB84) protocol that not only inherits the unconditional security of the original BB84 protocol but also enables the receiver to deterministically measure and decode all qubits sent by the sender. The proposed dBB84 protocol is then extended to be a deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) protocol wherein the sender can securely transmit secret messages to the receiver via quantum channels and the receiver can read out the secret messages only after receiving an additional classical bit for each qubit from the sender. In contrast to the existing single-photon-based secure communication protocols, which require the sender to either prepare two-qubit photon states or to establish two-way quantum channels with the receiver, the newly proposed protocol requires the sender to prepare single-qubit photon states for message transmissions and only set up one-way quantum channels to the receiver. Therefore, the proposed protocol is very suitable and feasible in practical applications.

Quantum secure direct communication and deterministic secure quantum communication

In this review article, we review the recent development of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) which both are used to transmit secret message, including the criteria for QSDC, some interesting QSDC protocols, the DSQC protocols and QSDC network, etc. The difference between these two branches of quantum communication is that DSQC requires the two parties exchange at least one bit of classical information for reading out the message in each qubit, and QSDC does not. They are attractive because they are deterministic, in particular, the QSDC protocol is fully quantum mechanical. With sophisticated quantum technology in the future, the QSDC may become more and more popular. For ensuring the safety of QSDC with single photons and quantum information sharing of single qubit in a noisy channel, a quantum privacy amplification protocol has been proposed. It involves very simple CHC operations and reduces the information leakage to a negligible small level. Moreover, with the one-party quantum error correction, a relation has been established between classical linear codes and quantum one-party codes, hence it is convenient to transfer many good classical error correction codes to the quantum world. The one-party quantum error correction codes are especially designed for quantum dense coding and related QSDC protocols based on dense coding.